国际经济学英文版选择题

PartA:MultipleDADCCBACDBDDInthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,itarycapabilities.size.relativeavailabilitiesoffactorsofproduction.laborproductivities.Theslopeofacountry sPPFreflectstheopportunitycostofproductSintermsofproductT.theopportunitycostofTintermsofmoneyprices.theopportunitycostofSorTintermsofS.BothAandB.BothAandC.AccordingtotheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,thesourceofcomparativeadvantageisacountry sTechnology.advertising.humancapital.factorendowments.BothAandB.IfAustraliahasrelativelymorelandperworker,andBelgiumhasrelativelymorecapitalperworker,theniftradeweretoopenupbetweenthesetwocountries,A)therelativepriceofthecapital-intensiveproductwouldriseinAustralia.theworldpriceoftheland-intensiveproductwouldbehigherthanithadinBelgium.theworldpriceofthelandintensiveproductwouldbehigherthanithadinAustralia.therelativepriceofthelandintensiveproductwouldriseinBelgium.Noneoftheabove.TheHeckscher-Ohlinmodelpredictsallofthefollowingexceptwhichcountrywillexportwhichproduct.whichfactorofproductionwithineachcountrywillgainfromtrade.thevolumeoftrade.thatwageswilltendtobecomeequalinbothtradingcountries.Noneoftheabove.Externaleconomiesofscalearisewhenthecostperunitrisesastheindustrygrowslarger.fallsastheindustrygrowslargerrisesastheaveragefirmgrowslarger.fallsastheaveragefirmgrowslarger.remainsconstant.Noneoftheabove.Externaleconomiesofscalemaybeassociatedwithaperfectlycompetitiveindustry.cannotbeassociatedwithaperfectlycompetitiveindustry.tendstoresultinonehugemonopoly.tendstoresultinlargeprofitsforeachfirm.Noneoftheabove.ThesimultaneousexportandimportofwidgetsbytheUnitedStatesisanexampleofincreasingreturnstoscale.B)er-industrytrade.Noneoftheabove.Iblemsofdataaggregationandcategorization.increasingreturnstoscale.Alloftheabove.Noneoftheabove.Intra-industrytradewilltendtodominatetradeflowswhenwhichofthefollowingexists?largedifferencesbetweenrelativecountryfactoravailabilitiessmalldifferencesbetweenrelativecountryfactoravailabilitieshomogeneousproductsthatcannotbedifferentiatedconstantcostindustriesNoneoftheabove.Thelargerthenumberoffirmsinamonopolisticcompetitionsituation,thelargerarethatcountry sexports.thehigheristhepricecharged.thefewervarietiesaresold.theloweristhepricecharged.Noneoftheabove.Thelargerthenumberoffirmsinamonopolisticcompetitionsituation,thelargerarethatcountry sexports.thehigheristhepricecharged.thefewervarietiesaresold.theloweristhepricecharged.Noneoftheabove.PartB：ShortQuestions1.TheH.O.modelremainsusefulasawaytopredicttheincomedistributionsoftrade. Discuss.Answer:TheStolper-Samuelsontheorem,oneofthebasictheoremsarisingtheHeckscher-Ohlinmodelyieldsanelegantdemonstrationofthefactthatchangesinproductprices(suchaswilloccurwhentradeisexpandedorcurtailed)telescopesitseffectsontofactorprices,sothatnotonlydorelativefactorreturnsproductprices,butthatactualreturnstofactorsmayeitherriseorfallinrealterms.Hence,asapolicyframework,thedisproportionateeffecttrademayhaveonrealincomesofsectors,suchasskilled-laborisquiteusefulboththeoreticallyandpractically(orpolemically)Internationaltradeleadstocompleteequalizationoffactorprices.Discuss.This statementistypically true...Underastrictandlimitedsetofassumptions,suchastheoriginalHeckscher-Ohlinmodelwhichexcludescountryspecifictechnologies;non-homothetictastes;factorintensityreversals;largecountrydifferencesin(relative)factorabundances,morefactorsthangoods,andanequilibriumsolutionwithintheconeofspecialization ;thenitmaybedemonstratedthatinternalconsistencydemandsthattheabovestatedsentenceistrue.However,theminuteonerelaxesanyoftheabovelistedassumptionsoneeasilyidentifysolutions,whichcontradictthefactorpriceequalizationtheorem.Ifascaleeconomyisthedominanttechnologicalfactordefiningorcomparativeadvantage,thentheunderlyingfactsexplainingwhyaparticularcountrydominatesworldmarketsinsomeproductmaybepurechance,orhistoricalaccident.Explain,andcomparethiswiththeansweryouwouldgivefortheinmodelofcomparativeadvantage.Thisstatementistrue,sincethereasonthesellerisamonopolistmaybethatithappenedtohavebeenthefirsttoproducethisproductinthiscountry.Itmayhavenoconnectiontoanysupplyordemandrelatedfactors;nortoanynaturalorman-madeavailability.ThisisallexactlytheoppositeoftheHeckscher-OhlinNeo-Classicalmodelsexplanationofthedeterminantsofcomparativeadvantage.练习题三PartAMultipleChoiceBEDDA DAAAC CABDIer-temporaltrade.tradeinservices.unrequitedinternationaltransfers.Noneoftheabove.Internationalfreelabormobilitywillunderallcircumstancesincreasetotalworldoutput.improvetheeconomicwelfareofeveryone.improvetheeconomicwelfareofworkerseverywhere.improvetheeconomicwelfareoflandlords(orcapitalowners)everywhere.Noneoftheabove.Internationallabormobilityleadstowageconvergencebyraisingwagesindestinationcountryandloweringsourcecountry.isinaccordancewiththespecificfactorsmodel.isinaccordancewiththeHeckscher-Ohlinfactorproportionsmodel.leadstowageconvergencebyraisingwagesinsourceandloweringtheminationcountry.isinaccordancewithscaleeconomymodel.IfinitiallywagesarehigherinHomethaninForeign,thenamovementofkersfromForeigntoHomewilllowerthemarginalproductoflaborinForeign.raisetotalproductinForeign.raisetheincomeoflandownersinForeign.raisetheincomeoflandownersinHome.Noneoftheabove.Acountrythathasacomparativeadvantageinfutureproductionofiongoodswilltendtobeaninternationalborrower.willtendtohavelowrealinterestrates.willtendtobeaninternationalinvestororlender.willtendtohavegoodworkethics.E)Noneoftheabove.Whyagoodisproducedintwodifferentcountriesisknownasthequestionofinternalization.verticalintegration.exploitation.location.Noneoftheabove.Directforeigninvestmentmaytakeanyofthefollowingformsexceptinvestorsbuyingbondsofanexistingfirmoverseas.thecreationofawhollyownedbusinessoverseas.thetakeoverofanexistingcompanyoverseas.theconstructionofamanufacturingplantoverseas.Noneoftheabove.Multinationalcorporationsincreasethetransferoftechnologybetweennations.makeitharderfornationstofosteractivitiesofcomparativeadvantage.alwaysenjoypoliticalharmonyinhostcountriesinwhichtheirsubsidiariese.requiregovernmentalsubsidiesinordertoconductworldwideoperations.Noneoftheabove.Theshiftoflabor-intensiveassemblyoperationsfromtheUnitedSernalization.Noneoftheabove.Alowertariffonimportedsteelwouldmostlikelybenefitforeignproducersattheexpenseofdomesticconsumers.domesticmanufacturersofsteel.domesticconsumersofsteel.workersinthesteelindustry.Noneoftheabove.Inthecountrylevyingthetariff,thetariffwillincreasebothconsumerandproducersurplus.decreaseboththeconsumerandproducersurplus.decreaseconsumersurplusandincreaseproducersurplus.increaseconsumersurplusanddecreaseproducersurplus.Noneoftheabove.Ifthetariffoncomputersisnotchanged,butdomesticcomputerproducershiftfromdomesticallyproducedsemiconductorstoimportedcomponents,thentheeffectiverateofprotectioninthecomputerindustrywillincrease.decreaseremainthesame.dependonwhethercomputersarePCsor Supercomputers.Noneoftheabove.Ifasmallcountryimposesatariff,A）theproducersmustsufferaloss.theconsumersmustsufferaloss.thegovernmentrevenuemustsufferaloss.D)thedemandcurvemustshifttotheeft.E)Noneoftheabove.Theeffectiverateofprotectionmeasuresthe true advalorumvalueofatariff.thequotaequivalentvalueofatariff.theefficiencywithwhichthetariffiscollectedatthecustomhouse.theprotectiongivenbythetarifftodomesticvalueadded.Noneoftheabove.Asglobalizationtendstoincreasetheproportionofimportedinputsrelativeodomesticallysuppliedcomponents,thenominaltariffautomaticallyincreases.therateof(effective)protectionautomaticallydecreases.thenominaltariffautomaticallydecreases.therateof(effective)protectionautomaticallyincreases.E)Noneoftheabove.PARTBShortQuestion1.Ithasbeenarguedthatevenifintra-EuropeanUnionlabormobilityweretobeompletelyremoved,oneshouldnotexpecttoobservemassive,orevenlargereallocationsofpopulationswiththeE.U.Discuss.Theoretically,justascompletelyfreetradeconsistentwithHeckscher-Ohlinmodel(withnocompletespecialization)isassociatedwithfactorpriceequalization;sodoescompletelyfreelabormobility.ItthereforefollowsthatifintraE.U.tradeflourishes,asanyrestraintsontradethereareabolished,theeconomicincentiveforlabormobilitywillberemoved.Sincelanguageandculturaldifferencesremain,wewouldexpectpopulationstotendtostaywheretheyare.2.ThetwodeadweighttrianglesaretheConsumptiondistortionandProductiondistortionlosses.ItiseasytounderstandwhytheConsumptiondistortionconstitutesalossforsociety.Afterallitraisesthepricesofgoodstoconsumers,andevencausessomeconsumerstodropoutofthemarketaltogether.ItseemsparadoxicalthattheProductiondistortionisconsideredanequivalentburdenonsociety.Afterall,inthiscase,profitsincrease,andadditionalproduction(withitstedemployment)comesonline.Thiswouldseemtobeanoffsetratherthananadditiontotheburdenorlossbornebysociety.ExplainwhytheProductiondistortionisindeedalosstosociety,andwhatiswrongwiththelogicthatleadstothepparentparadox.TheProductionDistortionrepresentsaninefficientshiftofsocietysresourcestoproduceagood,whichitcouldnotsellprofitablyatworldprices.ince(withfullemploymentassumed)theseresourceswereformerlyusedtoproduceexportgoods,whichcouldcompeteprofitably,thenetresultisalossinrealincometothecountry.练习题五：AECAD CDDED AD．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthemostaccurate?Thelawofonestates:incompetitivemarketsfreeoftransportationcostsandofficialbarriertotrade,identicalgoodssoldindifferentcountriesmustsellforthesamepricewhentheirpricesreexpressedintermsofthesamecurrency.incompetitivemarketsfreeoftransportationcostsandofficialbarriertotrade,ticalgoodssoldinthesamecountrymustsellforthesamepricewhentheirpricesareexpressedintermsofthesamecurrency.incompetitivemarketsfreeoftransportationcostsandofficialbarriertotrade,nticalgoodssoldindifferentcountriesmustsellforthesameprice.identicalgoodssoldindifferentcountriesmustsellforthesamepricewhentheirricesareexpressedintermsofthesamecurrency.Noneoftheabove.InorderfortheconditionE$/HK$=Pus/PHKtohold,whatassumptionstheprincipleofpurchasingpowerparitymake?Notransportationcostsandrestrictionsontrade;commoditybasketsthatareaableindicationofpricelevel.Marketsareperfectlycompetitive,i.e.,P=MC.Thefactorsofproductionareidenticalbetweencountries.Noarbitrageexists.E)AandB.UnderPurchasingPowerParity,E$/E=PiUS/PiE.E$/E=PiE/PiUS.E$/E=PUS/PE.E$/E=PE/PES.Noneoftheabove.Intheshortrun,theinterestratecanrisewhenthedomesticmoneysupplyfalls.theinterestratecandecreasewhenthedomesticmoneysupplyfalls.theinterestratestaysconstantwhenthedomesticmoneysupplyfalls.theinterestraterisesinthesameproportionasthedomesticmoneysupplyfalls.Noneoftheabove.ThePPPtheoryfailsinrealitybecausetransportcostsandrestrictionsontrade.monopolisticoroligopolisticpracticesingoodsmarkets.theinflationdatareportedindifferentcountriesarebasedondifferentcommoditybaskets.A,B,andC.AandBonly.ThePPPtheoryfailsinrealitybecausetransportcostsandrestrictionsontrade.monopolisticoroligopolisticpracticesingoodsmarkets.theinflationdatareportedindifferentcountriesarebasedondifferentcommoditybaskets.A,B,andC.AandBonly.Acountry sdomesticcurrency srealexchangerate,q,isdefinedasE.EtimesP.EtimesP .(EtimesP )/P.P/(EtimesP ).Intheshort-run,anyfallinEP /P,regardlessofitscauses,willcauseanupwardshiftintheaggregatedemandfunctionandanexpansionofoutputanupwardshiftintheaggregatedemandfunctionandareductioninoutputadownwardshiftintheaggregatedemandfunctionandanexpansionofoutputandownwardshiftintheaggregatedemandfunctionandareductioninoutputanupwardshiftintheaggregatedemandfunctionbutleavesoutputintactIntheshort-run,atemporaryincreaseinmoneysupplyshiftstheDDcurvetotheright,increasesoutputandappreciatesthecurrency.shiftstheAAcurvetotheleft,increasesoutputanddepreciatesthecurrency.shiftstheAAcurvetotheleft,decreasesoutputanddepreciatesthecurrency.shiftstheAAcurvetotheleft,increasesoutputandappreciatesthecurrency.shiftstheAAcurvetotheright,increasesoutputanddepreciatesthecurrency.Temporarytaxcutswouldcause:theAA-curvetoshiftleft.theAA-curvetoshiftright.theDD-curvetoshiftleft.theDD-curvetoshiftright.ashiftintheAA-curve,althoughthedirectionisambiguous.Intheshort-run,atemporaryincreaseinthemoneysupplyshiftstheAAcurvetotheright,increasesoutputanddepreciatesthecurrency.shiftstheAAcurvetotheleft,increasesoutputanddepreciatesthecurrency.shiftstheAAcurvetotheleft,decreasesoutputanddepreciatestheshiftstheAAcurvetotheleft,increasesoutputandappreciatesthecurrency.shiftstheAAcurvetotheright,increasesoutputandappreciatesthecurrency.Assumetheassetmarketisalwaysinequilibrium.ThereforeafallinYwouldresultin:higherinflationabroad.adecreaseddemandfordomesticproducts.acontractionofthemoneysupply.adepreciationofthehomecurrency.anappreciation