细节理解 (1)课件

ReadingSkills

onCopingwithDetails

Definition:细节理解题是指针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分内容设置的题。区别于主旨大意题、猜测词义题和推理判断题。其正确答案的依据一定是可以在文章中找得到的。70%Types:

按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题分散型细节理解题分散型细节理解题1)Fromthepassageweknowthat_____.2)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat_____.3)Thewritermentionsalloftheitemslistedbelow,EXCEPT_____.4)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?5)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect,accordingtothepassage?6)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedabout...?针对不同题型的答题步骤及技巧

Steps：准确定位、认真比对、一锤定音Techniques：顺序原则、定位词原则、同义原则1.集中型细节理解题最理想的定位词是表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词。

【2010辽宁】64.AccordingtoCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight_____.【2010全国卷II】51.WhyaresomeChineselikelytogoskiingintheEurope?【2010湖南】62,Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary____.AttheSnowdoniaCenter,thebeginners’costsof$57donotcover_______.【2010四川】46.WhatisanadvantageofthebuildingsmeetingtheGreenCommunitiesStandards?留意一些表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的具象的名词。如：【2010广东】48.Whenyourcolleaguebringsaboutaproblem,youshould

.【2010江苏】56.WhichofthefollowingdothesurnamesinthepassageNOTcover?【2010全国I】56.WhereisthenearestparkingplacetoShakespeare’sBirthplace?关注题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等。

[原文]Increasingly,theIndianelephantisangry:formanyyears,illegalhuntershaveattackeditanditshomeinthejunglehasbeenreducedtosmallpiecesofland.Itisnowfightingback.【2010上海】67.Indianelephantsaregettingincreasinglyangryandtheyrevengebecause____在找定位词的时候，请同学们注意以下几点：

（2）大多数时候我们选择的定位词都是名词，因为名词的可替代性相对较低，容易找到唯一出处。但是我们所找的名词要尽量是实体名词，也就是能指代一件具体事物的名词。一般来说，下面两类名词都不可取。

a.抽象词。如opinion,idea,result,information,role,effect,trend,theory等等。

b.言语词。如statement,argument,comment,response,reaction,enquiry,等等。

【2010全国II】A篇Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.

a.同义改写。

【2010全国II】A篇Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.

a.同义改写。

【2010广东】A篇

WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother’sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.41.Whywastheauthor’smotherpoorlyserved?A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.

a.同义改写。

【2010江苏】D篇Butthekeyissueisreallymoney．68．Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis

．A．technicalissuesB．safetyofthesystemC．financialproblemsD．maintenanceofrailwaytracksb.转变词性【2010江苏】WhenIturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhandtypewriterandtoldmethatshebelievedthatIcouldbecomeawriter.

·Whatisherbelief?b.转变词性与结构:【2010江西】C

ConfuciussuggestedRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife:“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomepotentialthanothers,arethatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.

66.WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?Family B.Potential C.Knowledge D.Community小试牛刀TheSnowdoniaCentreforyoungmountainclimbershasamountainclimbinglesson.Thebeginners’costsare$57foraweek,includingfoodandrooms.Equipmentisincludedexceptwalkingshoes,whichcanbehiredatalowcost.AttheSnowdoniaCenter,thebeginners’costsof$57donotcover______.A.foodB.roomsC.bodyexercisesD.walkingshoesD小试牛刀Rainforestshaveagreateffectontheworldenvironmentbecausetheycantakeinheatfromthesunandadjusttheclimate.Withouttheforestcover,theseareaswouldreflectmoreheatintotheatmosphere，warmingtherestoftheworld.72.Rainforestscanhelptoadjusttheclimatebecausethey________.A.reflectmoreheatintotheatmosphereB.bringabouthighrainfallthroughouttheworldC.reducetheeffectofheatfromthesunontheearthC小试牛刀Thetopsoillayerismadeupofsmallparticlesofrockmixedwithrottenplantandanimalmattercalledhumus(腐殖质),whichisblackandgivesthetopsoilitsdarkcolour.Thislayerisusuallyrichinnutrients,oxygen,andwater.67.Thelayerofsoilthatprovidesnecessarynutrientsforplantgrowthiscalled________.A.litter B.topsoilC.humus D.subsoilB【2010山东】C篇RaeArmantrout,whohasbeenapoetryprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego(UCSD)fortwodecades,haswonthe2010PulitzerPrizeinthepoetrycategoryforhermostrecentbook,“Versed”.“I’mdelightedandamazedathowmuchmediarecognitionthatthePulitzerbrings,ascomparedtoeventheNationalBookCriticsAward,whichIwasalsosurprisedanddelightedtowin,”saidArmantrout.“Foralongtime,mywritinghasbeenjustbelowthemediaradar,andtohavethiskindofattention,suddenly,withmy10thbook,isreallysurprising.”66.AccordingtoRaeArmantrout,____________.A.her10thbookismuchbetter B.herwinningthePulitzerisunexpectedC.themediaissurprisedatherworks D.shelikesbeingrecognized

byherreaders正确选项的特征【2010江苏】Butthekeyissueismoney.68.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis_______.

technicalissuesB.safetyofthesystemC.financialproblems D.maintenanceofrailwaytracksc（1）同义复现

正确选项的特征ThestudentswhocametogetherwereallscienceorengineeringprofessorsatCornellUniversity.49.Whatdoweknowaboutthisunusualclass?A.TheteachersdidlotsofwritingontheboardB.Theteacherwereinvitedtoattendseverallectures.

C.Thestudentwereprofessorsfromauniversity

（2）语言简化

正确选项的特征Thissearchfordifferentlevelsofmeaningdoesn’thappenmuchinundergraduatescience,butitisimportantlater,ingraduateschool.Anditisalwaysimportantinhumanities.

51.Findinglevelsofmeaningis

.A.importantforgraduatestudentsinhumanitiesB.difficultforgraduatestudentsinhumanitiesC.commonforundergraduatestudentsinscienceD.easyforundergraduatestudentsinscience.

（3）总结概括

干扰项常见的设题思路Itisoftennecessarytoreleaseafish,thatis,setitfreeaftercatching,becauseitistoosmall,oryoujustdon’twanttotakeithometoeat.Peoplesometimessetafishfreeaftercatchingitbecausethey_________A.don’twantittodieB.hopeitwillgrowquicklyC.don’twanttohaveitasfoodD.wanttopracticetheirfishingskills干扰项常见的设题思路Itisoftennecessarytoreleaseafish,thatis,setitfreeaftercatching,becauseitistoosmall,oryoujustdon’twanttotakeithometoeat.Peoplesometimessetafishfreeaftercatchingitbecausethey_________A.don’twantittodieB.hopeitwillgrowquicklyC.don’twanttohaveitasfoodD.wanttopracticetheirfishingskills（1）无中生有

干扰项常见的设题思路【2010全国卷II】B篇

Whenyou’relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera,thestresses(压力)oftheworldseemamillionmilesaway.Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!Asadventurousasthejobsounds,thehardpartisfact-checkingalltheinformation.Sure,it’sgreattowriteaboutatouristattraction,butyou’dbettergetthelocal(当地的)museumhourscorrectoryoucouldreallyruinsomeone’svacation.48.WhatdoweknowaboutJarolimfromthetext?

A．SheissuccessfulinherjobB．ShefindsherlifefullofstressesD．Sheisespeciallyinterestedinmuseums（2）断章取义

（3）过度猜测

干扰项常见的设题思路【2010山东卷】C篇“Versed”,publishedbytheWesleyanUniversityPress,didappearinalargerprintingthanherearlierworks,whichisabout2,700copies.TheneweditionisscheduledtoappearinMay.70.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.About2,700copiesof“Versed”willbeprinted.干扰项常见的设题思路【2010山东卷】C篇“Versed”,publishedbytheWesleyanUniversityPress,didappearinalargerprintingthanherearlierworks,whichisabout2,700copies.TheneweditionisscheduledtoappearinMay.70.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.About2,700copiesof“Versed”

willbeprinted.（4）已然成未然

干扰项常见的设题思路【2010陕西卷】B篇Anambulancecamelaterforher,saidDuret,whowashandeddryclothesformonlookers.51.WhatdidDuretdoshortlyaftertheambulancecame?B.Heaskedhisgirlfriendforhisdryclothes.

（5）张冠李戴

干扰项常见的设题思路【2010陕西卷】D篇Asmoreandmoreadvertisersturntospamtoselltheirproducts,individuale-mailboxesareoftenfloodedwithspame-mails.Companiesrelyone-mailfortheiremployeestocommunicatewitheachother.58.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemajorcauseofthefloodingspam?A.Companiesrelyone-mailforcommunications.D.Moreadvertisersbegintopromotesalesthroughspam.

干扰项常见的设题思路【2010陕西卷】D篇Asmoreandmoreadvertisersturntospamtoselltheirproducts,individuale-mailboxesareoftenfloodedwithspame-mails.Companiesrelyone-mailfortheiremployeestocommunicatewitheachother.58.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemajorcauseofthefloodingspam?A.Companiesrelyone-mailforcommunications.D.Moreadvertisersbegintopromotesalesthroughspam.

（6）文不对题

Thissearchfordifferentlevelsofmeaningdoesn’thappenmuchinundergraduatescience,butitisimportantlater,ingraduateschool.Anditisalwaysimportantinhumanities.

51.Findinglevelsofmeaningis

.A.importantforgraduatestudentsinhumanitiesC.commonforundergraduatestudentsinscience

干扰项常见的设题思路（7）颠倒是非

【2010江苏卷】B篇Whenwolveseatotheranimals,theyusuallykilltheveryyoung,orthesickandinjured.62.Accordingtothoseagainstkillingwolves,whenwolveseatotheranimals,______.A.theynevereatstrongandhealthyones干扰项常见的设题思路【2010江苏卷】B篇Whenwolveseatotheranimals,theyusuallykilltheveryyoung,orthesickandinjured.62.Accordingtothoseagainstkillingwolves,whenwolveseatotheranimals,______.A.theynevereatstrongandhealthyones干扰项常见的设题思路（8）不分深浅

Certainmicroorganisms（微生物）causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown,processed,orprepared.Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.Theseincludecertainkindsofseafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,andmushrooms.

53.FoodpoisoningcanbecausedbyallthefollowingEXCEPT.

A.somechemicals

B.lowtemperatures

C.sometinylivingth