人教版新目标英语八年级全册知识要点(最新最全)

［人教版］新目标英语八年级上册知识要点Unit1Howoftendoyouexercise?重点语法：频率副词询问别人做某事的频繁程度提问用Howoften引导特殊疑问句回答用always,sometimes,twiceaday等频率副词。例句：A：HowoftendoyouwatchTV?（你多长时间看一次电视？）B：IwatchTVeveryday.（我每天都看电视。）A：What'syourfavoriteprogram?（你最喜欢的节目是什么?）B：ItrsAnimalWorld.（是《动物世界》。）A：Howoftendoyouwatchit?（你多长时间看一次这个节目？）主要频率副词的等级排序：always（总是）＞usually（通常）＞often（经常）＞sometimes（有时）＞hardlyever（很少）＞never（从不）隔一段时间做某事数次用数词+时间间隔的结构构成。如：onceaweek一周一次（“一次”用特殊词once）twiceaday一天两次（“两次”用特殊词twice）threetimesamonth一个月三次（三次或三次以上用基数词+times的结构构成）fourtimesayear一年四次重点短语：howoften多久一次asfor至于；关于howmany多少（针对可数名词）howmuch多少（针对不可数名词）ofcourse=sure当然；确信lookafter=takecareof=carefor照顾；照看alotof=lotsof=plentyof许多；大量everyday每一天everynight每晚hardlyever几乎不begoodfor对 有益begoodforone'shealth有益健康trytodosth.尝试做某事getgoodgrades取得好成绩helpsb.[to]dosth.帮助某人做某事kindof有点want[sb.jtodosth.想要（某人）做某事keepingoodhealth保持健康Notwomenthinkalike.人心各异。Unit2Whatrsthematter?重点语法：询问别人如何感觉了解人体器官和部位的英文名称了解一些常见病的英文名称告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做例句：A：What1sthematter?（怎么了？）B：I'mnotfeelingwell.（我感觉不舒服。）Ihaveacold.（我感冒了。）A：Whendiditstart?（什么时候开始的？）B：Abouttwodaysago.（大约两天前开始的。）A：Oh,that*stoobad.（哦，这很糟糕。）Youshouldliedownandrest.（你应该躺下休息。）B：Yes,Ithinkso.（是的，我是这么认为的。）A：Ihopeyoufeelbettersoon.（祝你早日康复0）重点短语：haveacold患感冒shouldn1t=shouldnotbestressedout紧张的；有压力的afew有些；几个（针对可数名词）alittle[bit]有些；几个（针对不可数名词）atthemoment此刻；现在Whatrsthematter?=Whatrswrong?=Whatrstheproblem?怎么了？liedownandrest躺下休息seeadoctor看病hopetodosth.希望做某事listento听forexample举个例子begoodfor对 有益it's+adj.+[forsb.]+todosth.做某事（对某人来说） （加形容词）gettired感到疲倦stayhealthy保持健康givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.把某物给某人needtodosth.需要做某事Unit3Whatareyoudoingforvacation?重点语法：用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行例句：A：Whatareyoudoingforvacation,LinHui?（林辉，放假准备干什么呢？）B：I'mgoingtoTibetforaweek.（我要去西藏旅游一周。）A：Thatsoundsinteresting!（这听起来很有趣。）Whatareyoudoingthere?（你去那里准备干些什么事？）B：I'mgoinghikinginthemountains.（我准备上山徒步旅行。）Ho\vaboutyou,Tony?（你呢，托尼？）Whatareyoudoingforvacation?（你放假准备干些什么呢？）A：I'mvisitingmyfriendinHongKong.（我要去拜访我在香港的朋友。）B：Ohyeah?（是吗？）Howlongareyoustaying?（你要去多久啊？）A：Justforfourdays.（只去四天。）Idon'tlikegoingawayfortoolong.（我不想远走太长时间。）B：Well,haveagoodtime!（祝你旅途愉快！）SendmeapostcardfromHongKong!（iB得从香港寄一张明信片回来！）A：Sure.Showmeyourphotoswhenwegetbacktoschool.（当然。当我们再回学校的时候，再看看你的照片。）重点短语：howlong多久getback=comeback回来takeavacation=haveavacation去度假alot=verymuch很；非常begoingtodosth.将要去做某事sound+adj.听起来 （加形容词）soundlike+n.听起来像 （加名词）haveagoodtime=havefun=enjoyoneself玩得愉快showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.把某物给某人看wanttodosth.=wouldliketodosth.想要做某事plantodosth.计划做某事spendsometime[injdoingsth.花时间做某事needtodosth.需要做某事asksb.aboutsth.询问某人某方面的事情goshopping去购物leavefor离开去某地Unit4Howdoyougettoschool?重点语法：询问别人做某事的方式用How引导特殊疑问句其回答有多种方式，其中一种结构是bydoingsth.或bysth.的结构。询问两地的距离用howfar引导特殊疑问句回答用be+（distance）+[away]+from的结构<>例句：A：Howdoyougettoschool?（你如何去上学？）B：Itakethesubway.（我乘地铁去上学。）A：Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?（从家到学校多远？）B：It'sthreemiles.（有三英里远。）A：Howlongdoesittakeyoutogetfromhometoschool?（从家到学校需要花多长时间？）B：Ittakes25minutes.（要花25分钟。）重点短语：bybus=takethebus乘公共汽车howfar多远dependon依赖于byboat=taketheboat乘船lookat看bytrain=takethetrain乘火车bybike=rideone'sbike骑车bysubway=takethesubway乘地铁byplane=taketheplane乘飞机onfoot走路getup起床havebreakfast吃早饭leaveforsomewhere离开去某地takesb.tosomewhere带某人去某地halfanhour=thirtyminutes半小时（三十分钟）aroundtheworld=allovertheworld全世界gettoschool到学校thinkof认为onweekend在周末Unit5Canyoucometomyparty?重点语法：询问并请求某人做某事例句：A：Hey,Dave.（你好,戴夫。）CanyougotothemoviesonSaturday?（周六你能去看电影吗？）B：I'msorry,Ican't.（对不起，我不能去。）Ihavetoomuchhomeworkthisweekend.（这个周末我有太多作业要做。）A：Thatrstoobad.（这太糟了o）Maybeanothertime.（只好等下一次了o）B：Sure,Joe.（当然，乔。）Thanksforasking.（谢谢你的邀请。）重点短语：thedayaftertomorrow后天thedaybeforeyesterday前天comeover来访studyforatest复习迎考gotothedoctor=seethedoctor看病haveto不得不；必须（强调客观上）must不得不；必须（强调主观上）helpsb.withsth.=helpsb.[tojdosth.帮助某人做某事toomuch+n.太多（针对不可数名词）toomany+n.太多（针对可数名词）muchtoo+adj.太 （加形容词）gotothemovies看电影practicedoingsth.练习做某事thanksfor[doing]sth.为（做）某事而感谢gotothedentist看牙医begoingtodosth.将要做某事（该事已计划好）willdosth.将要做某事（该事尚未计划）keepquiet保持安静Unit6I'mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.重点语法：在两件或多件事物中进行比较使用形容词的比较级和最高级通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加-er（以e结尾的单词直接加r,闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-er）的结构构成，最高级是在形容词前加the,形容词后加-est（以e结尾的单词直接加st,闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-est）的结构构成。（eg/bigfbigger—thebiggest形容词big的原级、比较级和最高级；smallfsmallerfthesmallest形容词small的原级、比较级和最高级）当一个单词有3个或以上音节时，其比较级是在形容词前加more的结构，其最高级是在形容词前加themost的结构构成。（eg/expensive—moreexpensive—themostexpensive形容词expensive的原级、比较级和最高级；outgoingfmoreoutgoing-themostoutgoing形容词outgoing的原级、比较级和最高级）例句：A：LinPingismyfriend.（LinPing是我的朋友。）Shefsalittlemoreoutgoing谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态do/does的一般过去时态形式：did例句：LastweekIvisitedmyaunt*shouse.（上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。）ShelivesinCalifornia.（她住在加利福尼亚州。）Theweatherwasbeautiful.（那儿的天气很好。）Iwentswimming.（我去游泳了。）重点短语：hangout闲逛sleeplate睡过头takephotos=takepictures照相haveagreattime=havefun=enjoyoneself玩得高兴attheendof在 的尽头theclassmonitor班长adayoff一整天goforadrive开车兜风havefundoingsth.做某事很愉快abowlof一碗helpsb.[to]dosth.帮助某人做某事一些不规则动词的原形和过去式：hangfhungbuyfboughtsleepfsleptread/ri：d/fread/red/Unit9Whenwasheborn?重点语法：一般过去时态谈论著名人物 _例句：A：HowlongdidCharlesSmithhiccup?（查理斯•史密斯打嗝了多长时间？）B：Hehiccuppedfor69yearsand5months.（他打嗝了69年零5个月。）A：Whendidhestarthiccupping?（他什么时候开始打嗝的？）B：Hestartedin1922.（他从1922年就开始打嗝了。）A：Whendidhestophiccupping?（他什么时候停止打嗝的？）B：Hestoppedin1990.（他到1990年才停止打嗝。）重点短语：too...to...太 以致不能 takepartin=join参加becauseof因为 majorin主修；专研startdoingsth.开始做某事（该事已计划好）starttodosth.开始做某事（该事尚未计划）spendsometimewithsb.花时间和某人在一起spendsometime[in.]doingsth.=spendsometimeonsth.花时间做某事seesb.dosth.看见某人做某事（强调全局）seesb.doingsth.看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）Unit10I'mgoingtobeabasketballplayer.重点语法：一般将来时态do/does的两种一般将来时态形式：willdo；begoingtodo两种形式的区别：willdo强调事情尚未计划好而即将做begoingtodo强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做本单元重点强调begoingtodo的形式。例句：A：Whatareyougoingtodonextyear?（明年你准备干些什么？）B：Well,I'mgoingtotakeguitarlessons.（我明年要上吉他音乐课。）1reallylovemusic.（我很喜欢音乐。）A：Soundsinteresting.（听起来很有趣。）I'mgoingtolearnaforeignlanguage.（我明年要学一门外语。）重点短语：growup成长；长大atthesametime同时allover遍及allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界begoingtodosth.将要做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事studyhard努力学习takelessons上课sound+adj.听起来 （加形容词）soundlike+n.听起来像 （加名词）savemoney存钱buysb.sth.=bysth.forsb.给某人买某物buysth.withthemoney用钱买某物writearticles写文章learntodosth.学习做某事getgoodgrades取得好成绩playsports运动keepfit保持健康writetosb.给某人写信enjoydoingsth.享受做某事Unit11Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?重点语法：委婉请求别人做某事引导词用can,shall,will等情态动词的过去时态例句：A：CouldIpleaseuseyourcomputer?（我能用一下你的电脑吗?）B：Sorry.I'mgoingtoworkonitnow.（对不起，我正在忙着用电脑。）A：Well,couldIwatchTV?（那么，我能看电视吗？）B：Yes,youcan.（是，你可以看电视。）Butyouhavetocleanyourroom.（但是是在你打扫完房间之后。）重点短语：dothedishes=washthedishes洗碗takeout取出makeone1sbed整理床铺workon从事；忙于dochores=dohousework干家务dothelaundry=washtheclothes洗衣服takecareof=carefor=lookafter照看；照顾sweepthefloor扫地foldonersclothes叠衣服gotothemovies看电影getaride骑车gotoameeting开会hate（todo/doing）sth.讨厌做某事like（todo/doing）sth.喜欢做某事invitesb.tosomewhere邀请某人去某地gotothestore=goshopping购物forgettodosth.忘记做某事（该事尚未做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做某事（该事已做过）givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.把某物给某人buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.买某物给某人onvacation度假Unit12Whatrsthebestradiostation?重点语法：在各事物间进行比较用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级例句：A：Hello!I'mareporter.（你好,我是记者。）CanIaskyousomequestions?（我能问你一些问题吗？）B：Sure.（当然可以。）A：Whatrsthebestclothingstoreintown?（城里最好的服装店是哪一家？）B：IthinkJason'sisthebest.（我认为杰森服装店是最好的。）A：Whydoyouthinkso?（为什么这样认为呢？）B：Jason'shasthebestqualityclothes.（杰森服装店有质量最好的服装。）重点短语：closeto=near靠近；接近inexpensive=cheap便宜的clothingstore服装店radiostation广播站talentshow业余歌手演唱会itisadj.[forsb.]todosth.做某事（对某人来说）感觉 （加形容词）cuttheprice打折not・・・atall=not・・・intheslightest一点也不infact实际上payfor为 而付款sth.costsb.（money）某人花钱买了某物good/wellfbetterfthebest形容词good/副词well的原级、比较级和最高级bad/badly-worseftheworst形容词bad/副词badly的原级、比较级和最高级八年级下册重点语法和短语Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?重点语法：一般将来时态的应用do/does的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will)dodo/does的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will)bedone一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：Peoplewillhaverobotsinafewyears.否定句例句：People(wi11not/won*t)haverobotsinafewyears.一般疑问句例句：Willpeoplehaverobotsinafewyears?特殊疑问句例句：Whatwi11peoplehaveinafewyears?重点短语：won't=willnotthey*11=theywillshe'11=shewillhe'll=hewillPH=Iwillfallinlovewith(sb./sth.)爱上(某人/某物)beabletodosth.能够做某事cometrue实现inthefuture未来hundredsof数以百计的thousandsof数以千计的lookfor(sb./sth.)寻找(某人/某物)will wou1d情态动词will的原形和过去式may—might情态动词may的原形和过去式ReadingStrategy(阅读方法)Lookatthetitleandpicture,andpredictwhatyouwi11readabout.(看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)Thishelpsyougetreadytoacquirenewinformation.(这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)Unit2WhatshouldIdo?重点语法：过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法)do/does的过去将来时态形式：(should/would)dodo/does的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would)bedone过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：Youshouldwritealettertohim.否定句例句：Youshouldn*twritealettertohim.一般疑问句例句：ShouldIwritealettertohim?特殊疑问句例句：WhatshouldIdo?重点短语：keepsb.out不让某人进入What1swrong?=What'sthematter?=邛hat'stheprob1em?怎么了？outofstyle不时髦的；过时的callsb.up给某人打电话payforsth.为某事付款part-timejob兼职工作thesameas=besame(to/with)与 同样instyle时髦的；流行的geton[well]withsb.=getalong[well]withsb.与某人相处(好)didn*t=didnotcouldn1t=couldnotas...aspossible尽可能 (eg/assoonaspossible尽‘快)al1kindsof各种；许多ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面asksb.forsth.=asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事asksb.nottodosth.请求某人不要做某事spend(money)onsth.=spend(money)[in]doingsth.花钱做某事sth.costsb.(money)某人花钱为了某事takesb.sometimetodosth.花某人时间做某事comparesth.(A)withsth.(B)把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较it'stimeforsth.=it'stimetodosth.到该做某事的时间了maybeadv.或许maybe(情态动词+动词原形)可能是shall—should情态动词shal1的原形和过去式pay一paid一paid动词pay的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit3WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived?重点语法：过去进行时态do/does的过去进行时态形式：(was/were)doingdo/does的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were)beingdone过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：IwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlanded.否定句例句：Iwasn'twalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlanded.一般疑问句例句：WereyouwalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlanded?特殊疑问句例句：WhatwereyoudoingwhenaUFOlanded?动词when和whi1e的选择：when后加瞬间动词,while后加延续性动词。例句：TheboywaswalkingdownthestreetwhentheUFOlanded.=Whiletheboywaswalkingdownthestreet,theUFOlanded.感叹句结构：(1)How+adj.+the+主语+谓语动词=（2）What+（a/an）+[adj.]+n.+主语+谓语动词例句：Whatabeautifulflower[itis]!二Howbeautifulthefloweris!Whatbeautifulflowers[theyare]!二Howbeautifultheflowersare!重点短语：getout出去；离开takeoff起飞runaway逃跑；跑掉comein进来hearabout=hearof听说takeplace发生as...as像 一样（eg/asoldashim像他一样老）anywhere=everywhere=hereandthere任何地方thinkabout考虑thinkof认为getup=getoutofthebed起床atthedoctor*s在诊所everyday每一天everydayadj.日常的mostadj.大部分themost最多的inspace在太空中nationalhero民族英雄al1overtheworld=intheworld全世界Unit4HesaidIwashard-working.重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语从句（主语+谓语动词+宾语/表语）例句： I'mgoodatEnglish.Hesays.（改为加宾语从句的复合句） HesaysI'mgoodatEnglish.注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：HesaysI'mgoodatEnglishnow.HesaysIwasgoodatmathematicswhenIwasyoung.②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：HesaidIwasgoodatmathematicswhenIwasyoungyesterday.HesaidIwasgoodatEnglishnowyesterday.③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Ourteachersays24hoursmakeaday.Ourteachersaidthesungivesussomanyenergyyesterday.④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-ing形式。例句：Shesaidhelpingotherschangedherlife.重点短语:directspeech直接引语reportedspeech=indirectspeech间接弓I语

firstofal1=atfirst首先passon传递besupposedtodosth.应该做某事begoodat=dowel1in在某方面做得好ingoodhealth身体健康getover克服openup打开forgettodosth.忘记做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做某事it's+adj.+[forsb.]+tocontext上下文carefor=takecareof=lookafter照料；照顾notanymore=notanylonger=nolonger不再haveacoldforgettodosth.忘记做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做某事it's+adj.+[forsb.]+tocontext上下文（该事未做）（该事已做）dosth.做某事[对某人来说]……（加形容词）Unit5Ifyougototheparty,you111haveagreattime!重点语法：if引导的条件状语从句结构：主句+if+条件状语从句if+条件状语从句+[（comma）]+主句注意：在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。例句：You*11haveagreattimeifyougototheparty.=Ifyougototheparty,your11haveagreattime.重点短语：takeaway拿走aroundtheworld=allovertheworld在世界各地makea1iving谋生allthetime=always一直What1stheproblem?=Whatrsthematter?=What'swrong?怎么了？inordertodosth.为了做某事makesb.dosth.使得某人做某事（to省略,该结构是一个不带to的不定式。）makesb.adj.使得某人 （加形容词）makesb.done使得某人被做befamousfor为 而出名befamousas作为 而出名inclass在课堂上spend・・・（time/money）onsth.=spend・・・（time/money）indoingsth.花 （时间/钱）用于做某事seesb.dosth.看见某人做某事（强调整个过程）seesb.doingsth.看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）saysaid-*said动词say的原形、过去式和过去分词tell—told~told动词tell的原形、过去式和过去分词eat一ate—eaten动词eat的原形、过去式和过去分词speak—spoke—spoken动词speak的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?重点语法：现在完成进行时态do/does的现在完成进行时态形式：have/hasbeendoingdo/does的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/hasbeenbeingdone现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：①某事从过去