高职高专语法讲解与练习

语法精讲概述动词的时态、非谓语动词，定语从句和虚拟语气等语法结构是高职高专学生必须掌握的基本语法知识，也是AB级考试试题中常出现的语法点。本讲参考了高职高专英语通用教材，结合AB级考试的语法考点列出历年真题，并从语法定义、例题分析、试题链接、综合训练四个方面来帮助学生正确理解和掌握语法结构。这将有助于提高学生们的阅读理解能力，对英汉翻译的准确判断也十分有帮助。一、动词的时态I.定义时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语时态通过动词形式的变化来实现。它表示两个概念范畴。即时间和方式。时间指动词的行为或状态是发生在现在、过去或将来。方式指动词的行为或状态经常发生、正在发生或已经发生。将二者综合起来，就构成了十几种时态。以下几种是我们必须要掌握的。一般现在式现在进行式现在完成式一般式：一般过去式进行式过去进行式完成式：过去完成式一般将来式将来进行式将来完成式1.一般现在时：一般现在时是以动词原形来表示的。用法：1.表示习惯性、经常性、重复发生的动作、特征或状态以及客观事实和真理等。2.用于时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时3.表示预先计划或安排好的将来行为4.询问或引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信件内容。例题分析1.Igorunningthreetimesaweek.我每周跑步三次。（表示反复发生的动作）2.Whentheyleaveschool,theywillgotoworkinTibet.毕业后他们将到西藏工作。（在时间和条件从句中用一般现在时代替将来时）3.Lighttravelsmorequicklythansound.光比声音运行得更快。（表示客观真理）4.Galileoinsistedthattheearthmovesroundthesun.伽利略坚持认为地球绕著太阳转。（宾语从句所述的是客观真理，它的谓语动词需用一般现在时）2.一般过去时：一般现在时表示过去某时间的动作或状态。用法：1.表示过去某个特定的时间或某一段时间发生的动作和情况。2.表示过去的习惯。3.在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。4.用于虚拟语气，表示现在或将来的一种愿望、假设或非真实情况。例题分析1.Wehadagoodswimyesterday.昨天我们好好游了一次泳。（.表示过去某个特定的时间）2.Whenwelivedthere,weusedtogothatplace.我们住在那儿时，常去那个地方。（表示过去的习惯。）3.Iwouldn’tgowithyouifitrainedtomorrow。如果明天下雨的话,我就不和你一起去了。（在条件句中表示过去将来的动作。）4.IwishIwereadoctor.我希望我是一名医生。（对将来的一种愿望和假设）3.一般将来时：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况，通常跟有一个表示将来的时间状语，如soon，nextweek，tomorrow等，其形式一般为shall或wil加动词原形。用法：1.表示将来的动作或状态。2.表示将来经常发生的动作。3.begoingto表示最近打算要做的事情。4.betodo表示按计划要发生的事情。5.beabouttodo结构表示“即将(正要做某事”。6.go,come,leave,start,arrive,takeoff等现在进行时表示计划、安排将要发生的动作。例题分析1.Ourteacheriscominginaminute.

我们老师一会儿就来。（come,go等动词进行时表示计划）2.Weshallcomeandworkinthefactoryeveryyear.每年我们都会来该工厂工作。（表示将来反复发生的动作）3.TheEnglishpartyisabouttobegin.英语晚会即将开始。（beabouttodo表示即将发生的动作）4.现在进行时：由助动词be的适当形式(am,is,are+现在分词构成。用法：1.表示说话的时刻或现阶段正进行的动作或发生的情况,常与时间状语now,atpresent,atthismoment,thesedays等连用。2.有时可表示一个按计划即将发生的动作，但仅适用少数词，而且常带有一个时间状语。常见的这类动词有：go,come,leave,arrive等。例题分析1.Itwasadarknightandstrongwindwasblowing.

那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风在呼呼地刮着。（表示过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。）2.ProfessorWangisattendingaconferenceinParis.王教授正在巴黎参加一个会议。(表示说话的时刻正进行的动作3.IamleavingforShanghai.我准备前往上海。（与leave,arrive等连用表示意图或打算）5.过去进行时：过去进行时由was(were+v-ing构成用法：1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,这一动作常用过去的时间状语表示。2.表示过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。3.过去进行时还常常用于故事中情节的描述。例题分析1.Iambusyatthemoment.Iamworkingonthecomputer.此刻我在忙.正在电脑上工作。（atthemoment表示正在进行的动作）2.Atnineo’clockyesterdaymorningwewerewaitingforthebus.昨天早晨九点我们在等车。(表示过去某一时间内正在进行的动作3.Itwasadarknightandastrongwindwasblowing.夜很黑，大风呼呼地吹著。（过去进行时可用来描写故事发生的背景）6.将来进行时：将来进行时的构成形式是:will/should+be+v-ing用法：1.强调在将来某一刻或某一段时间中一个动作正在进行或发生；2.表示计划或决定要做的事，在口语中常用来表示预计即将发生或势必发生的动作。例题分析1.We‘llbehavingameetingtonightfrom7to9.今晚7点到9点，我们将在开会。（强调在将来某一刻正在进行的动作；）2.Nextmonth,theArcticSunrisewillbevisitingthePhilippinesandThailand.下个月北极日号将访问菲律宾和泰国。(表示计划或决定要做的事7.现在完成时：现在完成时由have(has+过去分词构成用法：1.表示动作或状态发生在过去，但对现在有影响。2.表示动作或状态从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在(可能还要继续下去。3.句中有sofar；uptonow；uptopresent；thesedays等表示到现在为止这段时间的状语，需用现在完成时。4.在Itisthefirst/second/third/…timethat结构，Itistheonly…结构，Itisthebest/finest/worst/mostinterestingetc.…结构，Itis(hasbeen…since…that结构中，从句中的谓语动词需要用现在完成时。例题分析1.Wehavesetupmanynewfactoriesinthisarea.我们已经在这个城市建立了许多新工厂。（表示动作发生在过去对现在有影响）2.Ihaven’twatchedanytelevisionsofarthisweek.这周我一直没有看电视。（sofar表示到现在为止这段时间的状语，需用现在完成时）3.ThisisthethirdtimeI’vestayedinthishotel.。这是我第三次住这个宾馆。（Itisthefirst/second…timethat结构中用现在完成时。）8.过去完成时：过去完成时由had+过去分词构成用法：1.过去完成时表示过去的将来。2.过去完成时表示过去某时刻以前发生和完成的动作或存在的状态，常用由by,before等介词或连词引起的表示过去某一时间为止的时间状语。3.过去完成时也常用在nosooner...than和hardly/scarcely...when(before

等句型中。4.用于虚拟语气条件句中表示与过去事实相反。5.动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan等用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。例题分析1.Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearned1200newwords.到上学期末我们已经学了1200个新单词。（bytheend与过去某一时间连用要用过去完成时）2．Hardlyhadheenteredtheofficewhen(beforethephonerang.他一进办公室，电话铃就响了。（hardly/scarcely...when(before

等句型中要用过去完成时）3.Ihadn’thadanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere.来这以前我一点英语都不懂。（主句和从句的谓语动词发生在不同的时间点，先发生的动作要用过去完成时。）4.Wehadmeanttotellherthenewsbutfoundthatshewasn’tin.我们打算告诉她这条消息，但发现她不在家。（mend用过去完成时表示本来打算做而没有做的事。）9.将来完成时：将来完成时的构成形式是shall/will+过去分词用法：1.表示在未来某一时刻前已完成或发生的动作而对所说的将来时间点仍有影响。2.将来完成时可用来表示一种猜测。例题分析1.By2008,wewillhavecompletedallthetasks.到2008年我们将完成所有的任务。（bythetime/bytheend与将来时间连用要用将来完成时。）2.Iguesstherainwillhavestoppedbytomorrow.我猜想到明天雨已经停了。（将来完成时可用来表示一种猜测。）试题链接1.Ifit_____finetomorrow,wewillgotoapicnic.A.isB.beC.wasD.willbe2.IwishI______youngagain。A.willbeB.amC.wasD.were3.I_____youthebookassoonaspossible.A.returnedB.willreturnC.wouldreturnD.amreturning4.He_____takeovermywork.A.isB.wastoC.istoD.beto5.He_______forShanghaitomorrow.A.leaveB.leavesC.isleavingD.willleave6.They_______manygreatachievementsduringthepastfewyears.A.hadmadeB.havemadeC.mademake7.Mary______illforthreeweeks.Sheisstillinhospital.A.hasbeenB.amC.wasD.hadbeen8.John________someChinesebeforehecametoChina.A.learnedB.learnsC.hadlearnedD.learn9.Ifadoctorhadbeenavailable,theboy________A.hadn’tdiedB.didn’tdieC.willnotdieD.wouldnothavedied.10.Hurryup!Orshe_________beforewegetthere.A.leftB.leavesC.hasleftD.willhaveleft11.Itishightimethey_______thisroad.A.mendB.mendedC.musthavemendedD.willmend12.Itisthefirsttimewe________here.A.cameB.havecomeC.arecomingD.come13.I______mybreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.A.hadB.hadbeenhavingC.havebeenhavingD.washaving14.Tome_____thefouro’clocktrainthisafternoon.A.arrivedatB.isarrivedinC.arrivesatD.isarrivingon15.It______almosteverydaysofarthismonth.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining常用的几种动词时态比较1.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时一般过去时表示过去动作对现在的影响表示过去动作的事实HehasgonetoBeijing.

他到北京去了。(强调人已不在这里HewenttoBeijing(lastweek.

他(上星期到北京去了。(强调动作发生在上周，人现在也许已回来动作仍在继续该动作现早已终止MyunclehaslivedinRomeforfouryears.

我叔叔在罗马住了四年了。(现在还住在那里

Mychiefpurposehasbeentofindoutarealsolution.

我主要的目的是找到真正解决问题的办法。(一直在作出努力MyunclelivedinRomeforfouryears.

我叔叔在罗马住过四年。(现在不住在那儿了

Mychiefpurposewastofindoutarealsolution.

我当时的主要目的是想找到真正解决问题的办法。(过去的努力2.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时现在完成时强调动作的延续性We'vebeenlivingherefortenyears.我们在这儿已住了十年。We'velivedherefortenyears.

我们在这儿已住了十年。表示动作仍在进行表示动作在过去已结束

Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.学生们一直在准备考试。(还在进行Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.

学生们对考试作了准备。(已经结束

3.过去完成时和一般过去时的区别过去完成时一般过去时对于过去某一时刻的过去表示的是对于现在的过去时间Alldelegateshadarrivedbefore6yesterdayafternoon.

昨天下午六点以前，所有的代表都到了。Theyfinishedthatworkyesterday.他们昨天完成了那项工作。试题链接1.Thetrain______beforeIreachedthestation.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.wasleavingD.left2.We______thematterseveraltimesthisyear.A.werediscussingB.arediscussingC.havebeendiscussingD.hadbeendiscussing3.Juliahadn’treachedtherestaurantwhenJim______there.A.gotB.hasgotC.hadgotD.wasgetting4.HaveyoubeentoShanghai?Yes,I______therelastyear.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wentD.havegone5.Maryalwayshasalotofletterstowrite.She______lettersallafternoonandshestill______.A.wrote,hasnotfinishedB.haswritten,didn’tfinishedC.haswritten,hasnotfinishedD.wrote,didn’tfinished6.Overthetwentyyearstheroleswomenplayathomeandinwork_____.A.hadchangedB.wouldhavechangedC.havechangedD.wouldchanged7.Manyyearsago,Jim______inPariswithhisuncleforalongperiodoftime.A.hadbeenlivingB.hadlivedC.livedD.hasbeenliving8.Sinceshelefthome,I______atallwell.A.wasn’tsleepingB.amnotsleepingC.hadn’tsleptD.haven’tbeensleeping9.Ihopethatthey______theroadbythetimewecomeback.A.willhaverepairedB.wouldhaverepairedChaverepaired.Dhadrepaired10.We_____ourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.A.justhavehadB.havejusthadC.justhadD.hadjusthad综合练习1.Thesun____intheeastand____inthewest.A.rise,setB.rises,setsC.rose,setD.isrising,issetting2.Ifyou____televisioneverymorning,youreyeswillache.A.sitandwatchB.willsitandwatchC.aretositandwatchD.satandwatched3.WhenIarrivedathisoffice,he____onthephone.A.wasspeakingB.spokeC.hadbeenspeakingD.hadspoken4.ItisthethickestbookthatI____.A.haveeverreadB.hadeverreadC.havebeenreadingD.hadbeenreading5.IwassohappytoseeJohnagainlastSunday.We____eachotherfortwoyears.A.haven’tseenB.hadn’tseenC.haveseenD.hadseen6.Shehopedthatthey____againsomeday.A.willmeetB.wouldmeetC.meetD.aremeeting7.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely____asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A.willfindB.findC.havefoundD.willhavefound8.Tom____eatouteveryday,butnowhecan’taffordit.A.usedB.usedtoC.isusedtoD.wasusedto9.I____TVwhenMr.ZhangvisitedmeA.hadwatchedB.hadbeenwatchingC.waswatchingD.Havebeenwatching10.Bothofhisparents____formanyyears,leavinghimahomelesschild.A.havediedB.diedC.havebeendeadD.havebeendying11.Greatchanges____inourinstituteinthelastfewyears.A.havetakenplaceB.hastakenplaceC.tookplaceD.hadtakenplace12.Sofar,I____toNanjingcitymorethantwentytimes.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hadgoneD.hadbeen13.Thestationmastertoldusthetrain____fiveminutesbefore.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hadbeenleft14.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we____inEuropefortwoweeks.A.shallstayB.havestayedC.willhavestayedD.havebeenstaying15.Nosooner_____homethanitbegantorain.A.wereachedB.haswereachedC.hadwereachedD.wewerereaching16.Theguidetoldusthatanincident____herein1925.A.wastakenplaceB.wastakingplaceC.wouldtakenplaceD.hadtakenplace17.WhileLaura____inthegarden,itsuddenly____torain.A.sat…beganB.wassittingbeganC.satwasbeginningD.wassitting…wasbeginning18.WeneverimaginedthatJohn____adoctor.A.wouldbecomeB.willbecomeC.becameD.becomes19.Mr.Smith____someChineselessonsbeforehecametoChinain1975.A.haslearnedB.learnedC.hasbeenlearnedD.hadlearned20.It____foraweekandthestreetsareflooded.A.rainedB.israiningC.hasbeenrainingD.shouldhaverainedIII．历年真题1.Onhiswayhomehesuddenlyrememberedthathe(notlock______thedooroftheoffice.(2004.B2.Hewastoldthatthestranger(wait______forhimfortwohours.(2004.B3.Theroom(beon______fireforfiveminuteswhenIgotthere.(2005.B4.Ilostmybagthedaybefore,butit______now.(2005.BA.hasfoundB.wasfoundC.hadbeenfoundD.isfound5.I___forthreeyearsbythetimeItakemyexamination.(2006.BA.hasbeenstudyingEnglishB.studiesEnglishC.willhavebeenstudyingEnglishD.studiedEnglish6.Whenwegottothestation,thetrain____for5minutes.(2006.BA.hasleftB.hadbeenleavingC.hadbeenawayD.left二．非谓语动词定义在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（theInfinitive）；动名词（theGerund）；现在分词（thePresentParticiple）；过去分词（thePastParticiple）。1．动词不定式（theInfinitive）A．作主语例句:1Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面第一句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.B．作表语例句:1Herjobistocleanthehall.C．作宾语常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer;continue;arrange.例句:1Weshouldcontinuetolearnaslongasyoulive.2Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.(充当介词宾语3HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.(与疑问词连用4MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.(不定式宾语后有补足语，用it作形式宾语D．作宾语补足语在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade，allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.例如：Ididn’texpectyoutoarrivesoearly.有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to。例句：1Isawhimcrosstheroad.2Hewasseentocrosstheroad.E．作定语动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，与所修饰名词主要是动宾关系。例句：1Ihaveameetingtoattend.2It’stimetogotobed.注意：1.不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词；但如果不定式修饰time,place,way，则可以省略介词。例句：1Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.2Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.3Whatdidyouopenitwith?4Hehasnoplacetolive(in.2.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式。1Haveyougotanythingtosend?2Haveyougotanythingtobesent?F．作状语①表示目的例句：1Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.2Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.(wrongTolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.(right②表示结果例句：3Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.③表示原因例句：4Theywereverysadtohearthenews.④表示程度例句：5It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.试题链接1.It’sadvisable______twicebeforeacceptingthatoffer.A.foryourthinkingB.foryoutothinkC.ofyourthinkingD.ofyoutothink2.Theproblemof______ashissuccessorwasquicklydisposedof.A.whichtoselectB.whomtoselectC.selectingwhichD.selectingwhom3.Mr.Greenranallthewayuptothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleftfifteenminutesbefore.A.findingB.tofindC.tobefindD.tobefinding4.Therearemorethanfiftyproposals______attheconference.A.todiscussB.tobediscussedC.discussingD.havingdiscussed5．Thechairmanwouldpreferthematter________atthenextmeeting.A.beingdiscussedB.tobediscussedC.discussingD.todiscuss6．Mysuggestionis_______.A.tocarryouttheplanimmediatelyB.tocarryingouttheplanimmediatelyC.beingcarriedouttheplanimmediatelyD.carriedouttheplanimmediately7.Thedoctoradvisedme______onastickdiet.A.togoB.goingC.IshouldgoD.go8.Iregret______youthatIcan‘tgotoHangzhouforavisitnextSundaywithyoubecauseI‘vecaughtabadcold.A.totellB.tellingC.leavingD.left9.Theorder_________machineswillcomefromthecontrolroom.A.stoppedB.stoppingC.tostopD.havingstopped10.Ihaveboughtthisstool__________.A.sitwithB.sittingwithC.tositD.tositwith2．动名词（theGerund）例题分析A．作主语例句:1Readingaloudisveryhelpful.2It'snousequarrelling.(动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语B．作表语例句:1Herjobistakingcareofthechildren.C．作宾语例句:1Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.2Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted。注意:动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it。3Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit,deny,mind,permit,forbid,practice,risk,appreciate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from,keep…from,stop…from,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in,succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike要知道如下动词既可跟动名词又可接不定式，但意思差别较大。（1）remembertodo记住要做某事(2forgettodo忘记做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事forgetdoing忘记做过某事(3trytodo设法做某事（4）regrettodo很遗憾要做某事trydoing试着做某事regretdoing后悔做了某事(5wanttodo想做某事(6goontodo接着做另一件事Wantdoing需要……..被动）goondoing继续做某事试题链接1.It’snogood______him.Hedoesn’thelphimself.A.helpedB.helpingC.tohelpD.tohelping2.Hisaimis______agoodtime.A.everybodytohaveB.everybodytohavingC.everybodyhavingD.everybodyhave3.Wemustavoid______suchmistakesagain.A.tomakeB.tomakingC.madeD.making4.Iheardofhis______tobethecoachoftheteam.A.havingchosenB.havingbeenchosenC.choosingD.chosen5．Myroomisamess.Itwants_________.A.tidyingupB.beingtidiedupC.totidyupD.totidied6．Thenotebookcomputerallowsyoutoworkwithout_________toanoffice.A.limitingB.beinglimitedC.havinglimitedD.limited7.Ｉregret_______youthatyourapplicationhasbeenrefused.A.informingB.beinginformedC.tobeinformedD.toinform8.NoonethoughtthatJohn’ssuggestionwasworth_______.A.toconsiderB.consideringC.tobeconsideredD.ofconsideration9.Ivaguelyremember______somethinglikethat.A.hissayingB.himtosayC.himhavingsaidD.thathehadsaid10.It’snouse_______menotworry.A.youtellB.yourtellingC.foryoutohavetoldD.havingtold3．分词（participle）现在分词例题分析A．作定语现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语，则放在名词后。例句:1Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.2Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears=intheyearsthatfollowedthemanspeakingtotheteacher=themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacherB．作表语例句:1Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.2Thepresentsituationisinspiring.C作宾语补足语如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例句:1Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?2Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.D．作状语例句:1(WhileWorkinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.（时间状语）2BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.（原因状语）3Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.（方式状语）4(IfPlayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.（条件状语）5Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.（结果状语）6Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.（让步状语）7Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.（作独立成分）注意：现在分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.有时也可用with(without+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.试题链接1.Doyouwanttoseethedoctor______thecasereportintheoffice?A.toworkB.workingC.workingonD.workedon2.Thesituationproves______.A.encouragedB.encouragingC.toencourageD.tobeencouraged3.Hisremarksleftme______abouthisrealpurpose.A.wonderB.wonderedC.wonderingD.beingwondered4.Hesatatthewindow_______A.toreadB.readC.beingreadD.reading5.Ihaveaclassmate______inChangsha.A.livedB.liveC.livingD.havinglived6.________theticketbyhisfriend,hehurriedtothecinemawithit.A.BeinggivenB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.Havingbeengiven7.Thecomputerworksveryfast,_______dataatthespeedoflight.A.handlingB.havinghandledC.handledD.handles8.________thetemperaturefallingsorapidly,wecouldn’tgoonwiththeexperiment.A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.With9.Weather_______,thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.permittingC.permitD.permitted10._______suchagoodchance,heplannedtolearnmore.A.TobegivenB.HavingbeengivenC.HavinggivenD.Given过去分词过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。例题分析A作定语例句:1OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.2Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.注意:当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前；如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。B作表语例句:1Thewindowisbroken.2Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.注意:有些过去分词是由不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。这类过去分词有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等，例如：boiledwater（开水）

newlyarrivedgoods（新货）fallenleaves（落叶）thechangedworld（变了的世界）C作宾语补足语例句:1Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.D作状语例句:1Praisedbytheteachers,hebecametheprideofhisparents.（表示原因）2Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.（表示时间）3Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.（表示条件）4Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.（表示让步）试题链接1.______fromthespaceship,ourearthlookslikeablueball.A.ToobserveB.ObservingC.ObservedD.Havingobserved2.Thisboyalwaysleavessomehomework______A.undoneB.undoingC.notdoneD.notdoing3.Theyare______withtheirpresentjob.A.satisfiedB.satisfyC.satisfyingD.tosatisfy4.If______economically,onegallonofoilwilllastatleasttwomonths.A.usingB.usedC.havingusedD.tobeused5．Afteralongwalkonahotday,onefeels________.A.exhaustiveB.exhaustingC.exhaustedD.exhaust6.Therocketwillweighabout200tonswhen_______.A.beingcompletedB.completedC.completingD.havebeencompleted7.Ourmasterraisedhisvoicesothathecouldmakehimself_______bythepupilsinthebackofthehall.A.hearB.heardC.hearingD.tobeheard8.Someoftheexperiments_____inthebookareeasytoperform.A.beingdescribedB.describedC.describingDhavingbeendescribed9.Although_____manydecadesago,thebridgeisstillinusetoday.A．buildingBhavingbuiltC.builtD.havingbeenbuilt10.ThereissomethingwrongwithmyTVset,Imusthaveit_______.A.checkingB.check.C.tocheckD.checkedII．综合练习1.Iregret_________youthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.A.informingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.inform2.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoor_________.A.lockingB.tolockC.beinglockedD.locked3.Thebook_________issimpleEnglish,thestudentsfounditeasytoread.A.beingwrittenB.waswrittenC.hasbeenwrittenD.writing4._________,thenextstepwastomakeadetailedplan.A.HavingmadethedecisionB.HasthedecisionmadeC.ThedecisionhasbeenmadeD.Thedecisionhavingbeenmade5._________

hecanquicklyseizethechanceofbusiness.A.HavingbeinginformedB.HavingwellinformedC.TobewellinformedD.Tohavebeenwellinformed6.Sheapologizedfor_________hispermissiontousethecomputer.A.askingnotB.notaskC.notaskingD.asknot7.Somanyrepresentatives________,theconferencehadtobepostponed.A.hadbeenabsentB.wereabsentC.tobeabsentD.beingabsent8.Ireallyappreciate_________mydaughterwithhermath.A.seeingyoutohelpB.toseeyouhelpingC.youtohelpD.yourhelping9.Ididn’tmean_________anything,buttheseappleslookedsogood.Icouldn’tresist_____one.A.toeat,tryingB.toeat,oftryingC.eating,totryD.eating,,totrying10.Withoutthesun‘slight_______theearth’ssurface,itwouldbesocoldthatlifecouldnotexistontheearth.A.warmsB.warmedC.warmingD.towarm11.Shesatatthecorneroftheroom,(look_________miserable.12.11.Theydon’tpermit(make_________noisehere.13.“Thelightintheofficeisstillon.”.“Oh,Iforgot(turnoff___________thelight.”14.Herparentsobjectedtoher(marry_________thatman,thoughhehadmuchmoney.15.Hereistheletterfromaforeigncompany(concern_________theorderofournewproducts.16.Whydoyoustandandwatchthemilk(boil_________over.17.Itisnouse(cry_________overthespiltmilk.18.I’mafraidyouarerisking(lose_________thepresentwell-paidjob.19.Yourhairwants(cut_________.You’dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.20.Though(fail_______________manytimes,Timdidn’tloseheart.III.历年真题1.Iamlookingforwardto_________fromyouassoonaspossible.(2004.BA.hearB.behearingC.hearingD.haveheard2.Shetriedhard,butshestillcouldn’tmakeus_________ourmind.(2004.BA.tochangeB.changedC.changeD.changing3.IfeltsoembarrassedthatIcouldn’tdoanythingbut_________therewhenIfirstmetmypresentboss.(2004.BA.tositB.sittingC.satD.sit4.It’ssaidthattheagreement_________betweenthetwocompanieslastmonthwillbecomeeffectivefromMay1st.(2005.BA.tosignB.signingC.tobesignedD.signed5.Hedoesn’tfeellike_________apicnicintheparkthisweekend,andhesuggestedwatchingthefootballmatchinstead.(2005.BA.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had6._______howtodealwiththetroubleofthecomputer,Martinhadtoaskhisbrotherforhelp.A.NotknowB.NotknownC.NottoknowD.Notknowing7.Priceisnottheonlythingcustomersconsiderbefore_________whattobuy.(2006.BA.decidingB.decidedC.todecideD.havingdecided8._________tofindtheproperjob,hedecidedtogiveupjob-huntinginthiscity.(2006.AA.FailedB.BeingfailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed9.Theproposal________,we’llhavetomakeanotherdecisionaboutwhentostarttheproject.(2006.AA.acceptedB.acceptingC.toacceptD.beaccepted10.Thenursetoldthevisitors(notspeak_________soloudlyastodisturbthepatients.(2006.A11.(impress_______bytheyoungman’sgoodqualifications,theyofferedhimajobintheirfirm.(2006.A12.WeallfeltexcitedwhenChinasucceededin(launch_____itsfirstmannedspaceship.(2006.A13.Thetallbuilding(complete_________lastmonthisournewclassroombuilding.(2006.A14.Theytalkedtohimforhours,(try_________topersuadehimtochangehismind.(2006.B15.Aguestinthishotelaccusedoneofthehotelstaffof(steal________hismoney.(2005.B三.定语从句I定义定语从句在句中起定语作用，修饰名词或代词，有时也修饰句子。被定语从句修饰词叫先行词，定语从句通常跟在先行词的后面，由关系代词that,which,who,whom和whose或关系副词when,where和why引出。1.关系代词引出的定语从句引导词指代内容在从句中所作的成分关系代词that人；物主语；宾语；表语which物主语；宾语who人主语；宾语whom人宾语whose人；物定语as人；物宾语；状语注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略,作主语时不可以省略。例题分析1先行词为人时,用who,whom有时也用that.(1.Thegirlwhoplaysthepianoverywellishisdaughter.那位钢琴弹得很好的小姑娘是他的女儿。(2.Sheisthegirl(thatyousawinschool.她是你在学校看见的那个女孩。(3.Themanwithwhomshewastravelingisherboyfriend..跟她一起旅行的那个男孩是她的男朋友。2先行词为事或物时，用which或that.(1.ThetrainthathasjustleftisforShanghai.刚刚离开的那列火车是开往上海的。(2.Isthisthephotothatyoutooklastsummer?这是你去年夏天照的照片吗？(3.Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheschoolisasupermarket.位于学校附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(4.ThecomputerwhichIwantedtobuywassoldout.我想买的那台电脑卖完了3关系代词紧跟介词，做介词的宾语时，只能用whom或which。注意：指物用“介词+which”，不可用“介词+that”；指人用“介词+whom”，不可用“介词+who”。(1.Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.他们正在找的文件已经被发现。(2.IwantedtofindsomeonewithwhomIcoulddiscussbooksandmusic.我想找个能和我讨论书和音乐的人。*介词的选择是根据从句中的谓语动词来决定的4表示所属关系，whose既可修饰人又可修饰物。(1.SheislookingafterthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoLondon.她正在照看父母去了伦敦的那个小孩。(2.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。(3.Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhosefatherisapainter?你们班里谁都父亲是画家?(4.You’reonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.只有你的话他可能会听。5as在限定性定语从句中，主要用于such….as和thesame…..as的结构;在非限定性定语从句中,as代替整个定语从句(1.Thisisthesamebookashelostyesterday.这本书与他昨天丢的书一样。(2.Weneedsuchmaterialsascanbearhightemperatureandpressure.我们需要那种能耐高温和承受压力的原料。(3.HeisEnglishman,asIknowfromhisaccent.我从他的口音得知，他是英国人。(4.Thesizeoftheaudience,aswehadexpected,waswelloveronethousand.正如我们所预料，观众的人数超过了一千人。试题链接1.Thematter__youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.A.whatB.asC.whomD.that2.Itwasn’tsuchadesirableairconditioner_____theadvertisementhadpromisedus.A.asB.whenC.whatD.which3.Thegoal____hehasbeen