2023年高中化学会考试卷含答案

20232023年高中化学会考试卷含答案1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。2825〔共50分；考其次局部为非选择题，分为必答题和选答题两道大题〔共50。生须3．试题全部答案必需填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一局部知2B4．考试完毕后，考生应将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。第一局部选择题〔50〕〔250〕AA[CH3OH]C[CO(NH2)2]B[CaCl2]D[NaNO2]以下各组元素中，属于同一周期的是A．H、Na B．Al、P C．O、Cl D．Mg、F3．电解质是一类在水溶液里或熔融状态下能够导电的化合物。以下物质属于电解质的是2 A．Fe B．NaCl C．SiO D．KNO2 合金在生产及科研中具有广泛的应用。以下物质属于合金的是A．水银 B．石墨 C．硅晶体 D．不锈钢5．在有机化工中，氯气是合成塑料、橡胶、农药和染料等的重要原料。以下关于氯气性质的描述的是A．无气味 B．能溶于水 C．能与水反响 D．能与铜反响6．以下同周期元素中，原子半径最小的是A．Mg B．Al C．Si D．S7．以下为人体供给能量的养分物质中，属于高分子化合物的是A．蔗糖 B．油脂 C．蛋白质 D．葡萄糖8．当光束通过以下分散系时，能观看到丁达尔效应的是A．白酒 B．稀豆浆 C．食盐水 D．白糖水9．以下物质中，既含共价键又含离子键的是2A．KCl B．CO2

C．MgCl

D．NaOH2化学试卷第1页〔8页〕2化学反响的是打磨磁石制指南针B．烧结粘土制陶瓷 C．湿法炼铜 D．铁的冶炼2 2 羰基硫〔COS〕可作为一种粮食熏蒸剂，能防止某些昆虫的危害。在恒容密闭容器中，CO和HS混合加热生成羰基硫的反响为CO(g)＋HS(g) COS(g)＋H(g)2 2 2正、逆反响速率都等于零 B．CO、H2

S、COS、H

的浓度相等2 2 2 2C．CO、HS、COS、H在容器中共存 D．CO、HS、COS、H2 2 2 2图所示原电池的说法正确的选项是将电能转化为化学能的装置B．电子由铜片经导线流向锌片C．锌片为负极，发生氧化反响D．铜片上发生的反响为Cu2+＋2e－ Cu钴〔〕是一种穿透力很强的核辐射元素，可用来治疗癌症。以下关于的说的是A．钴的一种核素 B．质子数为27C．核外电子数为27 D．中子数为6014．以下反响属于取代反响的是A．甲烷与氯气反响生成一氯甲烷 B．苯与氢气反响生成环己烷C．乙烯与溴反响生成1,2-二溴乙烷 D．乙醇与氧气反响生成乙醛某粒子的构造示意图为 ，关于该粒子的说法正确的选项是 2核电荷数为18 B．核外有3个电子层C．属于非金属元素的原子 D．在化学反响中易得2个电子以下物质中，能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色的是甲烷 B．乙烯 C．苯 D．乙酸17．以下物质的电子式书写正确的选项是 H.. .. ..l:l . :.:::

..C．a[:]－

..D．H:N:HNaCONaHCO

的说法中，不正确的选项是2 3

．．．A．均溶于水 B．均为白色固体C．受热均易分解 D．其水溶液均能使酚酞溶液变红19．以下有关物质性质的比较，的是A．金属性：Al＞Mg B．稳定性：HF＞HClC．酸性：HClO ＞HSO

D．碱性：NaOH＞Mg(OH)4 2 4

2化学试卷第2页〔8页〕对于铁与盐酸生成氢气的反响，以下条件下反响速率最快的是选项 铁的状态

盐酸的浓度

反响的温度A． 片状1mol/L20℃B． 片状3mol/L40℃C． 粉末1mol/L20℃D． 粉末3mol/L40℃．的是金属钠着火时马上用沙子盖灭B．将过期的化学药品直接倒入下水道C．少量浓硫酸溅到皮肤上马上用大量水冲洗D．用肥皂液涂在自然气管道接口处检验是否漏气以下说法中，正确的选项是2A．44gCO22.4L23B．NH17g/mol3C．100mL1mol/LNaCl溶液中含有1molCl－D．标准状况下，11.2LH2O3.01×1023个水分子以下反响的离子方程式正确的选项是铁与硫酸铜溶液反响：Fe＋Cu2＋ Cu＋Fe3＋铜与稀硝酸反响：Cu＋4H＋＋2NO－ Cu2＋＋2NO↑＋2HO23 2 222铝与氢氧化钠溶液反响：2Al＋2OH－＋2H2O 2AlO－2

＋3H↑氢氧化钡溶液与稀硫酸反响：Ba2+＋SO2－＋H＋＋OH－ BaSO↓＋HO4 4 2以下物质性质与用途的对应关系的是选项 性质氧化铁呈红棕色氧化铝熔点很高浓硫酸具有脱水性液氨汽化时要吸取大量的热

用途红色涂料耐火材料枯燥剂制冷剂以下试验装置及操作到达试验目的的是2Ca(OH)和2NHClNH

从碘水中提取C从食盐水中获碘单质 取氯化钠

D．用自来水制取蒸馏水4 3棉花化学试卷第3页〔8页〕其次局部非选择题〔50分〕一、必答题〔30分〕2O213分〕氮在自然界的循环过程中可发生反响N ＋2O2

放电2NO。该反响中，被复原的物2质是 〔填化学式作为复原剂的物质是 〔填化学式假设反响中消耗1N，则生成NO mol。 223分〕煤干馏的产品经加工可得到以下有机物：①甲烷、②乙烯、③苯。其中，可作清洁燃料的是〔填序号，下同剂的是。34分〕现有以下4种物质：①

、②FeCl、③Al(OH)HNO。其中，既能与2 3 3 3酸反响又能与碱反响生成盐和水的是 〔填序号下同与水反响产生无色气体的是 ；遇KSCN溶液显红色的是 ；常温下能使铁外表生成致密氧化膜的是 。44分〕某小组同学利用以以下图所示装置探究二氧化硫气体的性质。SO2品红溶液①请答复：

KMnO4溶液②

NaOH溶液③试验室用铜和浓硫酸共热制取二氧化硫，反响的化学方程式是 。当观看到②中溶液颜色变浅时，①中的现象是 。装置③的作用是 。①、②中的现象说明二氧化硫具有的性质是 。化学试卷第4页〔8页〕58分〕绿矾OH〕可用作除草剂、净水剂或抗贫血药等。某争论小组同学承受4 2硫铁矿焙烧后的烧渣〔FeO

、AlO

，不考虑其他杂质〕制备绿矾，设计了如下流程。

2 3 2 3 225.0225.02gAFeSO·7HO4 210.00g烧渣足量酸①固体B足量酸③CC④FeSO4溶液足量碱A②溶液B请答复：①~③所涉及的试验操作方法中，用到过滤的是 〔填序号。③中发生反响的离子方程式是 。以下说法正确的选项是 〔填字母。①中可选用盐酸，③中只能用硫酸溶液BOH－、SiO2－、AlO－等阴离子3 2④中发生了氧化复原反响，固体C做复原剂原烧渣中FeO的质量分数为 。2 3AB确定条件CDBE68分〕AEAB确定条件CDBE请答复：假设C的焰色反响为黄色；常温下，D为无色气体，能参与绿色植物的光合作用。①组成A的元素在周期表中的位置是 。②以下表达正确的选项是 〔填字母。A与冷水猛烈反响C与水反响可生成BE与酸反响可生成D假设C是能使潮湿的红色石蕊试纸变蓝的气体，D是黄绿色气体。①C与D反响的化学方程式是 。②上述反响中转移1.2mol电子时，生成B的体积为 〔标准状况。5页〔8页〕二、选答题〔共20分。请在以下三个模块试题中任选一个模块试题作答，假设选答了多个模块的试题，以所答第一模块的试题评分〕《化学与生活》模块试题14分“北京烤鸭”举世著名。制作烤鸭套餐的局部原料如下：①鸭肉、②面粉、③黄瓜、④食盐。请答复：富含淀粉的是 〔填序号，下同。富含蛋白质的是 。富含维生素的是 。属于调味剂的是 。28分材料之王”。它最有潜力的应用是硅的替代品，用来生产将来的超级计算机。石墨烯原来就存在于自然界，将石墨烯一层层叠起来就是石墨，厚1mm300万层石墨烯。制备石墨烯有多种方法。其中，机械剥离法是利用物体与石墨烯之间的摩擦得到石墨烯薄层。氧化复原法是先将石墨氧化，增大石墨层之间的间距，再通过物理方法将其分别，最终用复原剂复原得到石墨烯。中国在石墨烯应用领域探究中已获得重大发现，必将为世界的科技进步作出重大奉献。请依据以上短文，推断以下说法是否正确〔填“对”或“错。自然界中不存在石墨烯。石墨烯与石墨的组成元素一样。工业上，可以通过机械剥离法或氧化复原法得到石墨烯。石墨烯是型纳米材料，具有优良的导电性能和机械性能。38分〕含汞废水主要来源于氯碱工业和塑料工业，未经处理不得排放。某含汞酸性废水〔Hg2+、H+、Na+、Cl－等〕的处理工艺流程如以以下图所示。溶液A NaS、FeSO含汞酸性废水

pH＝9

2 4沉淀 超滤 活性炭吸附 出水请答复：含汞废水未经处理直接排放的危害是 〔填字母。造成水体污染 b.引起人体中毒调整废水pH时参与的溶液A可能是 〔填字母。盐酸 b. NaOH溶液NaS与Hg2+发生反响的离子方程式是 。2该废水经处理后，测得有关数据如下〔其他离子无视不计：离子浓度〔mol/L〕

Na+3.0×10-4

Fe2+ Cl－2.0×10-4

SO2－42.5×10-44mol/L。《有机化学根底》模块试题14分〕现有以下6种与生产生活相关的有机物：

化学试卷第6页〔8页〕①CH3CHCH2OH

〔增塑剂〕 ②CH C—CH CH 〔合成橡胶原料〕2 CH3 CH2 3 2 2 2 2 ③CHCHCHCHOH〔萃取剂〕 ④CH CH—CH CH3 2 2 2 2 ⑤ CHO

〔香料〕

—CHCOOH2⑥2

〔植物生长刺激素〕请答复：属于羧酸的是 〔填序号。与②互为同系物的是 〔填序号。与③互为同分异构体的是 〔填序号。用系统命名法给③命名，其名称为 。2〔8分〕现有以下4种重要的有机物：3 ①CHCH3 请答复：

②CHCHCH ③3 3

OH ④

CH3能与银氨溶液反响生成丙酸铵的是 〔填序号。能与浓硝酸反响生成TNT的是 〔填序号。能与甲醛在酸催化下相互缩合成高分子化合物的是 〔填序号。写出②与NaOH的乙醇溶液共热生成丙烯的化学方程式： 。3.〔8分〕〔MMA〕〔有机玻璃的单体，也用于制造其他树脂、塑料、涂料、粘合剂和润滑剂等。MMA的合成路线如以以下图所示〔反响条件和试剂略〕。O〔甲〕请答复：

① 乙 ② CH C C2CH32〕

OCH3甲分子中所含官能团的名称是 。MMA的分子式是 。乙的构造简式是 。MMA在确定条件下生成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的化学方程式是 。化学试卷第7页〔8页〕《化学反响原理》模块试题14分a气化炉是用焦炭为原料生产一氧化碳的装置，它既可用来气化无烟煤，又可用来气化焦炭和烟煤。该气化炉内有以下反响发生：2 ①2C(s)＋O(g) 2CO(g) ΔH ＝－225.82 ②C(s)＋O(g) CO(g)

＝－394.4kJ/mol2 2 2请答复：反响①属于 〔填“吸热”或“放热〕反响。反响①消耗24gC(s)时，∆H＝ kJ/mol。2反响②生成1molCO(g)时，∆H＝ kJ/mol。22反响C(s)＋CO(g) 2CO(g) ΔH＝ kJ/mol。222 28分)＋O) O) ∆＜0是制造硝酸的重要反响之一。在0℃时，容积为1L的密闭容器中充入0.010molNO和0.005molO，反响过程中NO22 间变化如以以下图所示：请答复：2〔1〕2min内，v(O)= mol/(L·min)。2上升温度，平衡向 〔填“正”或“逆〕反响方向移动。平衡时，NO的转化率是 。〔4〕800℃时，该反响的化学平衡常数数值为 。38分〕侯氏制碱法曾广泛用于工业制纯碱aO，是我国科学家为人类做出的重大2 3250.10mol/LNaCO

溶液。请答复：2 3〔〕该溶液中H) c－)〔填“＞“＝”或“＜。用离子方程式解释〔1〕的缘由： 。以下说法正确的选项是 〔填字母。a．NaCO在水中完全电离2 3b．c(CO2－)＋c(HCO－)＋c(HCO)＝0.1mol/L3 3 2 3c．c(Na+)＞c(CO2－)＞c(OH－)＞c(HCO－)＞c(H+)3 3用石墨作电极电解NaCO水溶液时，阴极反响式是 。2 3化学试卷第8页〔8页〕xx年北京市春季一般高中会考化学试卷答案及评分参考说明：考生答案如与本答案不同，假设答得合理，可酌情给分，但不得超过原题所规定的分数。第一局部选择题〔50分〕选择题〔250分〕题号12345678910答案CBBDADCBDA题号11121314151617181920答案DCDABBCCAD题号2122232425答案BBCCB一、必答题〔30分〕

其次局部非选择题〔50分〕213分〕O ·1分22N ················································································································1分22 ···············································································································1分23分〕①·1分② ··············································································································1分③················································································································1分34分〕③·1分①················································································································1分②················································································································1分④··················································································································1分2 4 4 2 44分〕u＋HO〔浓〕 O ＋O↑＋HO …12 4 4 2 〔2〕品红溶液褪色〔或变浅〕 ………1分2吸取未反响的SO，防止污染环境 …………1分2漂白性、复原性 1分258分1〕①② 2分23〔2〕Fe(OH)3

＋3H+ ＋3H

O ……………2分〔3〕ac 2分〔4〕48.00%〔0.48〕················································································2分68分〕①第3周期第A族 2分②abc ····························································································2分3 2 2 〔2〕①8NH ＋3Cl N ＋6NH3 2 2 3 2 或2NH ＋3Cl N ＋6HCl 23 2 ②4.48L …………2分二、选答题〔20分〕说明：考生可任选其中一个模块的试题作答，假设选答了多个模块的试题，以所答第一模块的试题评分。《化学与生活》模块试题14分〕② ·1分〔2〕①··········································································································1分〔3〕③········································································································1分〔4〕④············································································································1分28分〕错·2分〔2〕对·········································································································2分〔3〕对·········································································································2分〔4〕对·········································································································2分38分〕ab ·2分〔2〕b ············································································································2分〔3〕S2—＋Hg2+ HgS↓ 2分〔4〕2.0×10-4 ·····························································································2分《有机化学根底》模块试题14分〕⑥·1分〔2〕④········································································································1分〔3〕①··········································································································1分〔4〕1-丁醇··································································································1分2〔8分〕①·2分〔2〕④········································································································2分〔3〕③········································································································2分乙醇〔4〕CHCHClCH ＋NaOH CHCH＝CH↑＋NaCl＋HO3 3 △ 3 2 2························································2分38分〕碳碳双键、醛基·2分58 〔2〕CHO ································································································258 〔3〕 ………2分COOCH32〔4〕nCH2

C

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CH2 CnCH3 CH3…2《化学反响原理》模块试题14分〕放热 ·1