【2022】初中英语语法知识点总结及练习

一、初中英语语法归纳本文归纳了词法、八种基本时态以及三大基本从句，是历年中考英语必考语法点。（一）词法名词名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词aan一个……”apieceof在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。名词复数的规则变化一般情况下加-s。s,x,ch,sh,-esyyi再加-esf，fe结尾的，去掉ffev再加-es名词的所有格单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s’s如：theworker'sbike，theChildren’sball’s则需在各个名字后’s。如：ThisisLucyandLicy’sroom.TheseareKate'sandjack’srooms.—s’。如：thestudents’books，thegirls’blouses(+of+’s+of+)代词人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishissheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves物主代词物主代词的用法：形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词；名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。反身代词反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.Imyselfattheparty.;candoitmyself.指示代词指示代词的特殊用法：不可以。this，that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。不定代词one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等冠词不定冠词an()的词前，其余用不定冠词a.定冠词的基本用法用在重新提到的人或事物前面。指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。用在单数可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物。定冠词的特殊用法用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。用在姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。用在乐器名称前。和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。名词前不用冠词的情况在专有名词()Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。义不同。(sit)attable就餐;sitatthetable坐在桌边gotoschool去上学;gototheschool去那所学校;inhospital住院;inthehospital在那个医院里数词数字的表示三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。1，000以上的数字，从后向前第三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand，第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion。first，second，third-th构成。1分母序数词要变成复数。hundreds(thousands，millions)of……形容词、副词形容词的位置anythingserious。当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时，定语或表语要后置。如：Wehavedugaholetwometersdeep.Theholeisabouttwometresdeep.形容词的比较等级单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加—(e)r，—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。如：popular———morepopular———mostpopularimportant—moreimportant—mostimportant副词的比较等级单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。绝大多数副词借助more，most来构成比较级和最高级。少数形容词和副词比较/最高级的不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级well—— better—— bestbadly——worse—— worstmuch—— more—— mostlittle—— less—— leastfar—— farther—— farthest furthestlate—— later —— latest副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。介词表示时间的介词及介词短语in,at,on,beforaftetilsincfor,fromto,unti，binthemiddleoatthebeginningo，attheendoathalfpastfivatnightinaweeinthemornininclasatsunrise，inSaturdayawinterforalongtwothetimeof，attheageof表示地点的介词及介词短语in，at，into，to，on，beside，before，behind，above，under，outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across，off，down，among，past，between，outoarouninthefronto，inthemiddleo，atthebackoatthefootoathom，atthethetheontheatree，inthethesun，inthebed，onone’swayhome，bythesideof二. 八种基本时态一般现在时概念:表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。常和always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday等表时间的状语连用。如：1)Igotoschooleveryday.我每天都去学校。(表经常)2)Heisalwayslikethat.他总是那样。(表状态)构成：1)主语+be(am/are/is)+……2)主语+实义动词/三单动词+…一般过去时概念:1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常和表示过去的时间状语连用.如:yesterday,lastweek,in1998,twodaysago等.如:Iwenttoamovieyesterday.我昨天去看了一场电影.2).如:Healwayswenttoworkbybikelast构成:1)主语+be(was/were)+……2)主语+实义动词过去式+现在进行时概念:表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作.如:Heissinging.TheyarewatchingTVnow.构成:主语+助动词be(am/are/is)+动词-ing形式构成.过去进行时概念:表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作.这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示.如:1)---Whatwereyoudoing?---Iwasjumping.2)---WhatwastheboydoingwhentheUFOarrived?---Hewassleeping.构成:主语+助动词be(was/were)+动词-ing形式构成.一般将来时概念:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,,如:tomorrow,nextweek,nextyear,inthefuture等.如:Hewillgoshoppingtomorrow.Theyaregoingtoplaybasketballnextweek.构成:1)主语+助动词will+动原+…2)主语+begoingto+动原+….过去将来时概念:表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.构成:1)主语(第一人称)+助动词should+动原+…主语+would+动原主语+was/weregoingto动原…用法:过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态.如:1)Ishouldgo.YouknewIwouldcome.TheyweregoingtoNaning.现在完成时构成:主语+助动词(have/has)+动词过去分词+…用法例句表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 .---Haveyouhadlunchyet?---Yes,Ihave.(现在我不饿了)过去完成时构成:主语+助动词had+动词过去分词+…用法例句表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示的动作发生的时间是””.表示过去某一时间可用by,before等构成的短语,when,before,.Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkwhenmymomcamebackhome.三. 三大基本从从句的共同特点从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：Heisateacher主语He在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Isheateacher?主语He在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。)宾语从句宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：Hesaidthathewantedtobeateacherwhenhegrewup.宾语从句的特点：①宾语从句有自己的连接词②宾语从句用陈述语序③宾语从句的时态宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括thatif/whether(是否词。宾语从句的语序：),Iwanttoknowifhecometomorrowaskedmewhohadhelpedhim.宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了观真理一般现”选一种，如：1.HetellsmehelikesEnglishverymuch()过”的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。如：Hetoldmethathelikedplayingfootball(一般过去时):如：1.Hesaysthemoongoesaroundtheearth.状语从句时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。时间状语的连接词：when(当…时候)while(当…时候)as(当…时候)after(在…以后)before(在…以前)assoonas(一…就)since(自从…到现在)till/until(直到…才)bythetime(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。举例：when当…(Mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasfouryearsold.原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。连接词：由连词because,since,as引导,也可由for,nowthat等词引导。举例：Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseIwasill.连接词：if如果,unless(=ifnot)除非。(让步)举例：Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgohiking.目的、结果状语从句目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子sothat,so…that,inorderthat引导。结果状语从句连接词so…that,such…that,somuch/many…that引导。举例：so…that如此…以至于Thescientist’sreportwassoinstructivethatwewereallveryexcited.让步状语从句让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子连接词：though,although.，whether…ornot举例：Althoughheisrich,yetheisnothappy.3.nomatter从句结构："nomatter+特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序"或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"如：Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.注意：nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。定语从句定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。如：如：Iwillgivemyteacherabunchofbeautifulflower.(中beautiful就是定语)定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后如：IhavemetthedoctorwhoisintheNo.1hospital.定语从句的连接词：连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that连接副词：when、where、why二、初中英语语法重难点100单选案例Where UncleSunyesterday?was B.were C.did D.doesThey goingtoseeMr.Suntomorrow.is B.are C.am D.beSomeare intheriverandsomeare games.swiming,playing B.swimming,playingC.swimming,playing D.swimming,playingWhereisDick?He tothereading-room.hasbeen B.went C.hasgone D.goesMarkTwain,anAmericanwriter, everybodyhere.knows B.isknownas C.isknownto D.isknownforIhopehewillcometoseemebeforehe here.leaveB.leavesC.willleaveD.leftMyteachertoldmethatAustralians English.spoke B.speakC.speaks D.arespeakingIthinkshe rightnow.reading B.reads C.isreading D.read9 Wherearethechildren?----They agoodtimeinthegarden.A.arehaving B.have C.havehad D.had-----Where myglasses?Ican’tfindthem.----I themonthebookshelf,buttheyaren’tthere.A.youput,put B.youhaveput,haveputC.haveyouput,put D.didyouput,haveputWhenthepolicearrived,theman for10minutes.A.died B.wasdeath C.haddied D.hadbeendeadBythetimethistalkisover,we alotabouttheearth.A.willbelearning B.arelearningC.worldlearn D.willhavelearntTheteacherstoldmethatthey metosmoothawaythedifficulties.A.helped B.willhelp C.help D.weregoingtohelp14 Haveyouseenhimtoday?----Yes,I himthismorning.A.hasseen B.see C.willsee D.sawHe worriedwhenheheardthisnews.A.is B.was C.does D.didWhat’syourfriendgoing nextweek.A.doing B.do C.does D.todoIdon’tthinkthatit’strue.He’salways strangestories.A.tell B.telling C.told D.tellsHaveyouever WestHillFarm?A.goneto B.arrived C.cometo D.beentoHowlong he thenovel?A.has,borrowed B.has,keptC.has,lent D.is,usingHe todothislessonsateighteveryevening.A.isbegining B.isbeginning C.begin D.beginsThechildren aswimthisafternoon.A.aregoingtohas B.isgoingtohaveC.arehaving D.aregoingtohaveThere atelephonecallformybrotherStevenyesterday.A.is B.are C.was D.werehe onwellwithhisfriendsthisterm?A.Does,gets B.Does,getC.Is,getting D.Is,getingWho awaymypen?Ican’tfindit.A.haventaken B.takes C.hastaken D.tookShallwe footballthisSaturday?A.play B.playing C.plays D.toplayThechildren atschoolnow.A.is B.are C.was D.wereMr.Smith shortstories,buthe aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting,iswriting B.iswriting,writesC.writes,iswriting D.writes,writesHesaidhe theleaguefortwoyears.A.hasjoined B.hasbeenin C.hadbeenin D.joinedShelikeswateringtreesinthegarden, she?A.doesn’t B.don’t C.isn’t D.didn’tWhat you todotokeeptheroomclean?A.do,have B.does,have C.did,have D.are,haveSomeflowers byKatealready.A.havebeenwatered B.watered C.havewatered D.hasbeenwateredWhenwintercomes,theleaves fall.A.aregoingto B.will C.willbe D.wouldI tothecinema.I thereeverySunday.A.go,go B.amgoing,go C.go,amgoing D.amgoing,amgoingYou aboutthefuturenow, you?A.don’tthink,don’t B.aren’tthinking,aren’t C.don’tthink,do D.aren’tthinking,areHewasafraidthathe hisway.A.wouldlost B.wouldlose C.isgoingto D.shallloseWe eachothersincehelefthere.A.didn’tsee B.hadn’tseen C.haven’tseen D.hadseenMr.Smith outforawalkintheparkeveryday.A.isgoing B.goes C.went D.goHe fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasgoneaway B.hadgoneawayC.hasleft D.hasbeenawayYoumustn’tgotoohigh,oryou dangerous.A.willbe B.are C.wouldbe D.isgoingtoWehaveknowneachother .A.sincewewereyoung B.afterwewereyoungC.whenweareyoung D.ifweareyoungShepromisedshe dobetterwork.A.would B.will C.shall D.isgoingtoHowlonghasthisshop ?A.beopen B.beenopenC.opened D.beenopenedMr.Smith heresincehemovedtohiscity.A.hadlived B.haveliveC.havelived D.haslived44 Haveyoureadthenewspaper?----No,Ihaven’t .A.too B.yet C.just D.alreadyOurknowledgeoftheuniverse allthetime.A.grow B.isgrowingC.grows D.grewShewon’tgotothecinemaifshe theworktomorrow.A.doesn’tfinish B.won’tfinish C.willfinish D.finishMygrandma forhalfayear.A.hasbeendead B.wasdead C.hasdied D.diedShe totheGreatWallseveraltimes.A.goes B.hasgone C.went D.hasbeenTheearth roundthesun.A.move B.moves C.moved D.willmoveLiuFengwei threeyuanforthelostlibrarybook.A.paid B.spent C.cost D.tookI thebikeforoverfouryears.A.havebought B.havebuy C.havehad D.boughtHetoldusthathe thatfactorythenextday.A.hadvisited B.hasvisited C.willvisit D.wouldvisitHismother thePartylastyear.She aPartymemberforayear.A.joined,was B.hasjoined,is C.joined,hasbeen D.hasjoined,hasbeenWedon’tknowifit thedayaftertomorrow.A.willrain B.rains C.rained D.wouldrainHesaidhe hislifeforhiscountry.A.give B.gave C.hadgiven D.wouldgiveHealways totheparkonSundaymorning.A.go B.goes C.went D.isgoingLook,thestudents totheteachercarefully.A.islistening B.arelistening C.listen D.listenedHe inthisschoolin1958.A.taught B.hastaught C.teaches D.hadtaughtTheysaidthey toEnglandthenextday.A.willfly B.hadflown C.wouldfly D.flewThey theworkintwodays.A.hadfinished B.wouldfinished C.isfinishing D.willfinishBytheendoflastweek,we twothousandwords.A.wouldlearn B.havelearned C.hadlearned D.werelearningWhenheleft,hismother .A.iscooking B.cooked C.wascooking D.cooksWe’llgotoplaywithsnowifit tomorrow.A.snow B.snows C.willsnow D.()64.There nomilkintheglass.A.have B.hasC.areD.isThetrain whenwegottothestation.A.hasjustleft B.hadjustleft C.leaves D.leftDrSmithisnotathome.He towork.A.hasgone B.hasbeen C.hadbeen D.hadgoneThatmanknowsalotaboutNewYork.Iheardhe before.A.hadgonetothecity B.hadbeeninthereC.hadbeenthere D.hadbeenNewYorkTheartist toEurope.Heistherenow.A.hasgone B.hasbeen C.hadgone D.hadbeenMissBrownsaidshe never toNorthChinabefore.A.has,gone B.has,been C.had,gone D.had,beenWhat yourgrandma thistimeyesterday?A.is,doing B.was,doing C.did,do D.had,doneI toseethefilmbecauseIhavelostmyticket.A.won’tgo B.didn’tgo C.don’tgo D.haven’tgoneThestudentswillhaveafootballmatchifit finenextSaturday.A.willbe B.wouldbe C.was D.isSheaskedmeifI thestorybefore.A.haveread B.hadread C.wouldread D.willreadWhat they ateightyesterdayevening?A.are,doing B.did,do C.have,done D.were,doingYoucan’tseehimnowbecausehe animportantmeeting.A.ishaving B.have C.has D.washavingI tomybrothersincelastsummer.A.didn’twrite B.hadn’twritten C.haven’twritten D.don’twriteLiPingwillvisittheGreatWallassoonashe free.A.willbe B.is C.was D.hasbeenOnedaywhenI thepostofficeI myuncle.A.pass,see B.waspassing,saw C.passed,saw D.pass,sawHe he somemistakesinthetest.A.said,willmake B.said,made C.said,hadmade D.said,makeThey tiredsotheystopped arest.A.are,have B.were,have C.were,tohave D.are,havingMyfather everyday.A.takesawalk B.tookwalk C.takeawalk D.istakingawalkMaryissevenyearsold.She eightnextyear.A.is B.will C.was D.willbeAtableandmanychairs madebyhimyesterday.A.was B.were C.arebeing D.wasbeingI’llgowithyouassoonasI mywork.A.willfinish B.shallfinish C.finish D.finishedTrees greeninspring.A.turn B.turns C.wouldturn D.isturningYesterdayI inbedalldaybe