《商务英语阅读（第3册）》课件Unit 3 Product Quality

Unit3ProductQualityWords&ExpressionsWarmingupTextATextBExerciseCultureTour

Words&Expressionsostensiblyadv.Ifsomethingisdoneostensiblyforaparticularreason,itisnotreallydonethisreasonbutpeoplepretendthatitis表面上，假装地ThebigbosseswenttoHawaii,ostensiblytolaunchthenewproject.大老板们打着启动新项目的名义去了夏威夷。WearefightingawarostensiblyforthegoodofAfghanistanbutwithouttheconsentofitspeople.我们正在打的一场战争表面上对阿富汗有利，但并没有得到其人民的同意。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsadventn.theadventofthetimewhensomethingfirstbeginstobewidelyused......的出现（来临）WiththeadventoftheInternetandsocialmedia,theymustnowmonitorpublicsourcesandintegratethatinformationwiththeirclinicaldata.但随着互联网和社交媒体的出现，如今他们必须监控公共信息源，将这些信息与临床数据结合。Withtheadventofe-mail,theseurbanlegendsspreadacrossthenationswithinhours.随着电子邮件的出现，这些都市流言只需数小时就能蔓延全球。2022/12/19Words&Expressionstactic

n.amethodyouusetoachievesomething手法；策略Salesmenemployallsortsofclevertacticstotryandpersuadeyou.销售员用尽各种聪明的手法努力说服你。RepublicansaccuseDemocratsofusingdelayingtacticstopreventafinalvoteonthebill.共和党指责民主党采取拖延战术来阻止议案的最终票决。2022/12/19Words&Expressionswanevi.ifsomethingsuchaspower,influence,orafeelingwanes,itbecomesgraduallylessstrongorimportant（权利、影响、感觉等）逐渐减弱Myenthusiasmfortheprojectwaswaning.我对这个项目的热情逐渐淡下来。Whilehisinterestinthesesportsbegantowane,apassionforlacrossedeveloped.他对这些运动项目的兴趣开始减退的同时，对长曲棍球的兴趣却浓厚起来。2022/12/19Words&Expressionspunchline

n.thelastfewwordsofajokeorstory,thatmakeitfunnyorsurprising（笑话、故事中最后几句点题或抛出笑料的）妙语，画龙点睛的结尾语

Ifyouseethosesortsofcasualreferences,bearinmindtheymightjustbetheretomakeapunchline.如果看到这种非正式的参考信息，记住这些有可能只是为了抖个包袱而已。Eventhoughyouknowthepunchline,thescientificideasthatgetexploredindiscussingthepossibilitiesareinterestingandexciting.尽管你们知道亮点，但科学想法的探索和可能性的讨论是有趣且激动人心的。2022/12/19Words&Expressionscoincidevi.tohappenatthesametimeassomethingelse,especiallybychance同时发生，（尤指）巧合Suspectsareinterviewedinseparateroomstoseeiftheirstoriescoincide.嫌疑犯放在不同房间询问口供，看看他们的说法是否吻合。Theshowistimedtocoincidewiththelaunchofanewbook.这次展览会安排与一本新书的推出同时进行。2022/12/19Words&Expressionssophisticated

adj.asophisticatedmachine,system,methodetcisverycleverlydesignedandveryadvancedandoftenworksinacomplicatedway（机器、系统、方法等）精密的；高级的，尖端的；复杂的

Itincludesasophisticatedplug-insolutionthatturnsitintoatruedevelopmentplatform.它包含成熟的插件解决方案，这使它成为一个真正的开发平台。Honeybeesuseoneofthemostsophisticatedcommunicationsystemsofanyinsect.蜜蜂所使用的交流系统是昆虫中最复杂的之一。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsvariable

n.avariableisafactorthatcanchangeinquality,quantity,orsize,thatyouhavetotakeintoaccountinasituation可变因素Therearetoomanyvariablesintheexperimenttopredicttheresultprecisely.实验中可变因素太多，难以准确预测结果。Decisionscouldbemadeonthebasisofprice,deliverydates,after-salesserviceoranyothervariable.决定可以基于价格、送货日期、售后服务或是任何其他可变因素而做出。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsundertake

vt.Toacceptthatyouareresponsibleforapieceofwork,andstarttodoit着手做；承担，接受Ifyouundertaketheproject,youareboundtoencounterdifficulties.如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。DrJohnsonundertookthetaskofwritingacomprehensiveEnglishdictionary.约翰逊博士担负起编写一本综合性英语词典的工作。2022/12/19Words&Expressionspremium

adj.premiumproductsareofahigherthanusualqualityandareoftenexpensive高端的Atthepremiumendofthemarket,businessisbooming.在市场的高端销售区，生意火爆。Peoplearepreparedtopaypremiumpricesforqualityproducts.人们愿意出高价购买优质产品。2022/12/19Words&Expressionspenalize

vt.Totreatsomeoneunfairlyormakethemhaveadisadvantage对待......不公平；使......处于不利位置Salestaxespenalizetheconsumers.销售税对消费者不利。Theteamwaspenalizedforwastingtime.该队因拖延时间而受到处罚。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsunderlying

adj.theunderlyingfeaturesofanobject,event,orsituationarenotobvious,anditmaybedifficulttodiscoverorrevealthem根本的；潜在的Hetheorizedthattheunderlyingcauseofthewarwasslavery.他从理论上阐明这次战争的根本原因在于奴隶制度。Thereisanunderlyingassumptionthatyoungerworkersareeasiertotrain.有一种潜在的假设，认为年轻一些的雇员容易培训。2022/12/19Words&Expressionssentimentn.anopinionorfeelingyouhaveaboutsomething意见，观点；感想Itismysentimentthatweshouldvoteagainstthemotion.我的意见是我们应该对这个动议投反对票。Hewasmoreintouchwithpublicsentimentthanmanyofhiscritics.比起许多批评他的人，他更了解公众的意见。2022/12/19Words&Expressionssurpassvt.tobebetterorgreaterthansomeoneorsomething超过；胜过

Theunemploymentratewillprobablysurpass10percentthisyearandremainabove9percentwellintonextyear.失业率将有可能在今年超过10%，并在明年保持在9%以上。Therethepeople-madepollutantsincreasinglysurpasstheabilityofairandwatertodilutethecontaminantstosafelevels.在那里，人为的污染物质日益超越了空气和水将污染物分解稀释到安全水平的能力。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsinherently

adv.inaninherentmanner内在地，固有地

Themodelisnotinherentlyflawed,butitisonlyapartoftheanswertoestablishingasustainableeconomy.这种模式并没有内在的缺陷，但要想建立一种可持续发展的经济，它只是答案的一部分。Onthecompetitionside,evolutionbyselectionisaninherentlycompetitiveprocess.从竞争角度来看，选择的进化是一种固有的竞争进程。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsmyriad

adj.toomanytocount无数的，不计其数的

ProjectManagersfaceamyriadofchallengesonthejourneytoachieveresource,serviceandfinancialoptimization.项目经理在实现资源、服务和财务最优化的过程中面临着无数的挑战。Everyday,wittinglyorunwittingly,wemakeamyriadofconnectionswithpeoplearoundtheworld.每天，无论是有意还是无意，我们都会和周围的人有无数的联系。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsnascent

ingintoexistenceandstartingtodevelop初生的，新生的；开始发展的Energy-guzzlingfactoriesthatareshutdown,inmanycases,can'tbeimmediatelyoffsetbylow-carbonindustriesthatarestillintheirnascentstage.在许多情况下，因为低耗能产业现在正处于初级起步阶段，所以也不能抵消关闭高耗能工厂的代价。Thisultimatelymeansthatstartupsincountrieswithnascentcommunities,suchasthePhilippines,aresubstantiallyhardertomanage.最终，这意味着在像菲律宾那样只有社区雏形的国家，在企业管理上相当的难。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsprevailingadj.existingoracceptedinaparticularplaceorataparticulartime流行的，盛行的Lawsbandiscrimination,theinternetallowspeopletoairtheircomplaintsandtheprevailingmanagementcultureemphasizessensitivity.法律禁止歧视，网络便让人们有抱怨之处，而且如今盛行的管理文化特别注重变通。Wehaveaprevailingviewinoursociety—notonlyinthepolicyworld,butinmanyspheres—thatwearedividedcreatures.在我们的社会里有一种流行的观点——不但存在于政策领域，而且存在与许多其它领域——那就是我们是被分割的生物。2022/12/19Words&Expressionserode

vt.graduallydestroyorreducesomethingsuchassomeone'spower,rightsandorconfidence逐步损害，削弱（权力、权利或信心）Shefeelsthatherpersonalauthorityhasbeeneroded.她觉得自己的威信已被削弱。Ifcompetitionwoulderodeprofits,firmswouldfindnoincentivefor“strategic”investmentsandbehaviors.如果竞争会侵蚀利润，企业将会没有动机去实施“战略”投资和行为。2022/12/19Words&Expressionspropel

vt.tomove,driveorpushsomethingforward推动，推进；驱动

It'sa“successsecret”thatisrarelyused,butifusedproperlywillpropelyoutowardssuccess.我们以前很少运用这个“成功的秘诀”，其实如果加以合理利用，它将会激励我们走向成功。Thesedesignsfueldemandandpropelbrandloyalty.这些设计鼓动需求并推进品牌忠诚度。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsattribute

vt.tosaythatasituationoreventiscausebysomething把.....归因于......Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerallyattributedtoimprovementsindiet.心脏病死亡人数的下降归因于日常饮食的改善。Womentendtoattributetheirsuccesstoexternalcausessuchasluck.女性往往把她们的成功归因于外因，如运气。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsniche

n.ajoboractivitythatisperfectforsomeone十分适合的工作（活动）Whatyouhavetodoisfindanicheforyourproductorservice.你要做的就是为你的产品或服务找到市场定位。SimonLanequicklyfoundhisnicheasabusyfreelancemodelmaker.西蒙·莱恩很快找到了合适的工作，成为了一名忙碌的自由职业模型工。2022/12/19Words&Expressionspumpout

topumpoutsomethingmeanstoproduceorsupplyitcontinuallyandinlargeamounts不断地大量推出There'sahugeamountofpropagandapumpedoutbythefoodindustry.食品工业进行了大张旗鼓的宣传。Japanesecompanieshavebeenpumpingoutplentyofinnovativeproducts.日本的公司一直在不断推出各种新款的产品。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsdescent

n.theprocessofgoingdown下降，降落

Passengersmustfastentheirseatbeltspriortodescent.乘客在飞机降落之前必须系好安全带。ThedescenttoBaseCamptookabouttwodays.往下走到大本营大约要两天时间。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsusherintobethestartofsomethingnew宣告，开创Withtrendslikethis,theAgeoftheInternetcouldusherinaneraofunprecedentedcitizenenlightenment.有了这样的发展趋势，互联网时代将有可能迎来公民空前觉醒时期的到来。GlobalizationandtheInternet,afterall,weresupposedtousherinanageinwhichpeoplecouldliveandworkwherevertheywanted.全球化和互联网本应带领我们进入一个美丽新时代。在这个新时代里，在哪儿工作和生活都一样。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsmultitudinous

adj.verymany大量的，众多的Technicalresourcessharinginvolvesmultitudinousdepartmentsandenormousbenefit.科技资源共享涉及众多部门，牵涉利益巨大。Now,ourcompany'sproducemarketspreadsEurope,USandJapan,Oursuperiorqualityandtherivalrouspricehelpuswinthemultitudinouscustomer.现在，公司的产品远销欧洲，美国及日本市场，以优越的品质和具有竞争力的价格赢得了众多的客户。2022/12/19Words&Expressionsplethora

n.Anamountofsomethingthatislargerthanisneededormorethanyoucandealwith过多，过剩；过量Aplethoraofnewoperatorswillbeallowedtoenterthemarket.过多的新经营者将获准进入市场。Insupportofthisgrowinginterest,themarketplaceoffersaplethoraofbestpractices,articles,andbooksonITportfoliomanagement.为了支持这种增长的兴趣，市场提供过多的有关IT投资组合管理的最佳实践、文章和书籍。2022/12/19Words&Expressionssavvy

n.practicalknowledgeandability实际知识和能力Heisknownforhispoliticalsavvyandstrongmanagementskills.他以其政治洞察力和高超的管理手段闻名。Abusinessschoolcanoffernetworking,mentoring,andotherperks,butnobodycanteachyouenthusiasmandbusinesssavvy—exceptyourself.商学院可以提供人脉，座佑铭，还有各种好处，然而没有人可以教给你激情和悟性-除了你自己之外.2022/12/19Words&Expressions

WarmingupWarmingup1.Howimportantisproductqualityforamanufacturer?Presenteraisthe“EraofQuality”.Inthisageofcut­throatcompetitionandlargescaleproduction,onlythatmanufacturercansurvivewhosuppliesbetterqualitygoodsandrendersserviceto-theconsumersWarmingup2.Whatiscraftsmanship?Craftsmanshipisthequalitythatcomesfromcreatingwithpassion,care,andattentiontodetail.Itisaqualitythatishoned,refined,andpracticedoverthecourseofacareer.Warmingup3.Whatisyourimpressionon“MadeinChina”?

MadeinChinaisnownotonlyaboutmanufacturing,butisfocusingmoreoninnovationanddesign.Industrialdesignhasdevelopedrapidlyinrecentyearsthankstogovernmentsupport.China'shasreleaseditsroadmapforthemanufacturingsector.The'MadeinChina2025'initiativeaspirestoreviveChina'smanufacturingsectorandmakeitacompetitiveglobalplayer.TextAHighOnlineUserRatingsDon'tActuallyMeanYou'reGettingaQualityProductDoyourefertotheuserratingsandcommentswhenshoppingonline?Doyoutrusttheonlineuserratings?

2022/12/19Lead-inDiscussion2022/12/19StructuralAnalysisPara.TopicPara.1-3ThebackgroundandintroductionoftheresearchPara.4-7

Ahostofissueswith

userratings:statisticalissues,samplingissuesandevaluationissues2022/12/19Para.MainIdeaaPara.8-9TworesearchquestionsPara.10-14KeyresearchfindingsPara.15-16CommentsonthefindingsBartdeLanghe:

BartdeLangheisanassistantprofessorofmarketingattheLeedsSchoolofBusiness,UniversityofColorado,Boulder.Hisresearchexaminesconsumerandmanagerialintuitionsaboutdata,metrics,andstatistics.2022/12/19NotesPhilFernbach:PhilFernbachisacognitivescientistandassistantprofessorofmarketingattheLeedsSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,wherehestudieshowpeoplethinkandmakedecisions.2022/12/19NotesDonaldR.Lichtenstein:DonaldR.Lichtenstein

isProfessorofMarketingattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder.Hisresearchfocusesprimarilyonconsumerperceptionsandinterpretationsofpriceandpricepromotions.2022/12/19NotesMichelinStar:Theterm“MichelinStar”isahallmarkoffinediningquality,andrestaurantsaroundtheworldproudlypromotetheirMichelinStarstatus.米其林星2022/12/19NotesYelp:YelpisanAmericanmultinationalcorporationheadquarteredinSanFrancisco,California.Itdevelops,hostsandmarketsYandtheYelpmobileapp,whichpublishcrowd-sourcedreviewsaboutlocalbusinesses,aswellastheonlinereservationserviceYelpReservationsandonlinefood-deliveryserviceEat24.Thecompanyalsotrainssmallbusinessesinhowtorespondtoreviews,hostssocialeventsforreviewers,andprovidesdataaboutbusinesses,includinghealthinspectionscores.2022/12/19NotesGillette:Gilletteisabrandofmen’ssafetyrazorsandotherpersonalcareproductsincludingshavingsupplies,ownedbythemulti-nationalcorporationProcter&Gamble(P&G).吉列2022/12/19NotesTextBHow“MadeInChina”BecameCool2022/12/19MadeinChina20252022/12/19MadeinChina2025,endorsedbyPremierLiKeqiang,isthecountry'sfirstactionplanfocusingonpromotingmanufacturing.TheplanwillbefollowedbyanothertwoplansinordertotransformChinaintoaleadingmanufacturingpowerbytheyear2049,whichmarksthe100thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.MadeinChina2025Ninetaskshavebeenidentifiedaspriorities:improvingmanufacturinginnovation,integratingtechnologyandindustry,strengtheningtheindustrialbase,fosteringChinesebrands,enforcinggreenmanufacturing,promotingbreakthroughsin10keysectors,advancingrestructuringofthemanufacturingsector,promotingservice-orientedmanufacturingandmanufacturing-relatedserviceindustries,andinternationalizingmanufacturing.2022/12/19MadeinChina2025

The10keysectorsarenewinformationtechnology,numericalcontroltoolsandrobotics,aerospaceequipment,oceanengineeringequipmentandhigh-techships,railwayequipment,energysavingandnewenergyvehicles,powerequipment,newmaterials,medicineandmedicaldevices,andagriculturalmachinery.Tofulfillthetasks,"MadeinChina2025"willfocusonfivemajorprojects,includingestablishingamanufacturinginnovationcenterandboostingintelligentmanufacturing,saidthenotice.2022/12/19McKinsey:McKinsey&Companyisaworldwidemanagementconsultingfirm.Itconductsqualitativeandquantitativeanalysisinordertoevaluatemanagementdecisionsacrossthepublicandprivatesectors.Widelyconsideredthemostprestigiousmanagementconsultancyintheworld,McKinsey’sclienteleincludes80%oftheworld'slargestcorporations,andanextensivelistofgovernmentsandnon-profitorganizations.麦肯锡2022/12/19NotesWorldLuxuryAssociation:TheWorldLuxuryAssociationisaself-proclaimed“internationalorganization”thatconductsvariousactivitiesrelatingtoluxurygoods.世界奢侈品协会2022/12/19NotesExercisesTextAI.1-7DADABCCII.A.1-5CAADD6-10BADCC

B.1.Iermsof7.stemfrom8.whenitcomesto9.rangefrom...to10.relatedtoIII.1-5EBILH6-10JOMDG2022/12/19TextAIV.1.如果所有产品使用者都对产品进行打分，得出的平均评级和一部分产品使用者的平均评级是不完全统一的。2.此外，众所周知消费者对产品的质量评定不仅基于客观的产品性能，还深受其他因素影响，例如品牌形象、产品价格和包装设计。3.我们发现在《消费者报告》中评分相同的两种产品，品牌美誉度百分位排名中名列第十名的产品（例如索尼数码相机）和名列倒数第十名的产品（卡西欧数码相机）只相差0.4个星级。4.实际上，多数研究参与者都有这种错觉，至少在价格方面是这样的：他们认为评论者们是因为产品价格过高才给的差评，但事实恰恰相反。5.当一个销售人员给我们推荐比较贵的安全座椅时，很多人都会认为这位销售人员可能是为了拿提成才这么做的。2022/12/19TextAV.1.Thethreeissuesarestatisticalissues,samplingissues,andevaluationissues.

2.First,istheaveragestarratingagoodindicatorofproductquality?Second,howmuchdoconsumerstrusttheaveragestarratingasanindicatorofquality?3.First,theaveragestarratinghassurprisinglylowcorrespondencetoestablishedqualitymetrics.Second,averagestarratingsareoftenbasedoninsufficientsamplesizes—butconsumerstrustthemanyway.

Third,holdingqualityconstant,moreexpensiveproductsandbrandswithbetterreputationsgetbetterratings.

4.It’sbecausetheyseemeven-handed–eventhoughthey’renot.2022/12/19TextBI.1.Consumersthinkthat“MadeinChina”nolongerinherentlymeanscheap,inferior,andunfashionable.

2.Atthattime,thecountry’smyriadlocalelectronicsmanufacturersandnascentdomesticbrandswerethoughttobelittlemorethancheapimpostors,lackinginqualityandsimplynotcarryin