2022年全国一卷英语高考真题及答案解析

2022年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试〔I〕英 语留意事项：答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。答复选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答复非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。考试完毕后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部听力〔30〕做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容完毕后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节〔51.57.5分〕5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听完每10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.答案是C。Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?

B.£9.18. C.£9.15.Inaclassroom. B.Inahospital. C.Inamuseum.WhatdoesJackwanttodo?Takefitnessclasses. B.Buyapairofgymshoes. C.Changehisworkschedule.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?Whattodrink. B.Wheretomeet. C.Whentoleave.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Colleagues. B.Classmates. C.Strangers.WhyisEmilymentionedintheconversation?Shemightwantaticket. B.Sheislookingfortheman. C.Shehasanextraticket.其次节〔共15小题；每题1.5分，总分值22.5分〕听下面5A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6、7题。HowlongdidJamesrunhisbusiness?10years. B.13years.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames’situation?Embarrassed. B.Concerned.听第7段材料，答复第8至10题。WhathasKate’smotherdecidedtodo?Returntoschool. B.Changeherjob.WhatdidKate’smotherstudyatcollege?Oilpainting. B.Arthistory.WhatisKate’sattitudetowardhermother’sdecision?Disapproving. B.Ambiguous.听第8段材料，答复第11至13题。Whatisthemandoing?Chairingameeting. B.Hostingaradioprogram.WhatbenefitsMarymostinherjob?Herwidereading. B.Herleaders’guidance.WhowillMarytalkaboutnext?Herteacher. B.Herfather.91417题。Whydoesthemanseldomdoexercise?Helacksmotivation. B.Hehasaheartproblem.WhatdoesJacobSattelmairprobablydo?He’sanathlete. B.He’saresearcher.Whydoesthewomanspeakofastudy?Toencouragetheman. B.Torecommendanexercise.Howmuchtimewillthemanprobablyspendexercisingweekly?

C.15years.C.Disappointed.C.Retirefromwork.C.Businessadministration.C.Understanding.C.Conductingajobinterview.C.Herfriends’help.C.Hermother.C.Heworksallthetime.C.He’sajournalist.C.Tosupportherfindings.300minutes. B.150minute. C.75minutes.101820题。Whatdidthescientistsdototheroad?Theyrepairedit. B.Theypaintedit. C.TheyblockeditWhyareyoungbirdsdrawntotheroadsurface?It’swarm. B.It’sbrown. C.It’ssmooth.Whatisthepurposeofthescientists’experiment?Tokeepthebirdsthereforawholeyear.Tohelpstudentsstudythebirdswell.Topreventthebirdsfrombeingkilled.其次局部阅读理解〔40〕第一节〔15230分〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。ANeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligibeforthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15—18yearsoldinselectcommunities〔社区〕.SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15—29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities〔时机〕ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15—18. B.15—24. C.15—29. D.16—17.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?JobsforYouth. B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram. D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.BForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit ’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’snervous.＂I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…＂Christripsonthe＂-ld,＂apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.＂…Votefor…me…＂Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalshowatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.＂Ittakesalotforanystudent,＂Whaleyexplains,＂especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’＂Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast〔夸耀〕aboutthemselves.＂Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,＂Whaleysays,＂isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.＂WhatmadeChrisnervous？Tellingastory.C.Takingatest.

B.Makingaspeech.D.Answeringaquestion.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂stumbles＂inparagraph2referto?Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto .helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsassessstudents’publicspeakingskillspreparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsinspirestudents’loveforpoliticsWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?Humorous. B.Ambitious. C.Caring.C

D.Demanding.Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric〔生物测量〕technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdeviethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence〔节奏〕withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen ’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword＂touch＂fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?Toreducepressureonkeys.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.

B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingD.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?Computersaremucheasiertooperate.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?It’llbeenvironment-friendly.C.It’llbemadeofplastics.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

It’llreachconsumerssoon.D.It’llhelpspeeduptyping.A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel.D

D.Amagazine.Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschol ,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are ＂mostlikelytoengage〔从事〕indangerousandriskybehavior.＂Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys〔调查争论〕.＂Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.“Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,＂hesaid.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？Theclassificationofthepopular.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?Theyappearedtobeaggressive.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.Theyperformedwellacademically.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastTheHighertheStatus,theBetterBetheBest—YouCanMakeItMoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness其次节〔5210分〕依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto ＂gooutandgetsomefreshair＂. 36 Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.37 Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles〔肌肉〕andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing〔治愈〕.38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermod.Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead. 39 Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40 Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD —butstillprotectyourskin —putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking, andthat’splentyoftimefor yourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.Freshaircleansourlungs.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Beinginnaturerefreshesus.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.第三局部语言学问运用〔45分〕第一节〔201.530分〕阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They 41withthemlotsofwaste.The 42 mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers〔冰川〕aredisappearing,changingthe 43 ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I’m 44 abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas＂purer＂naturalexperiences.However,Isoon 45 thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof 46 amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda 47 mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare48 buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe 49 .ThebestofaKilimanjaro 50 ,inmyopinion,isntreachingthetop.Mountainsare 51 asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This 52 isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas 53 gothroughfiveecosystems〔生态系统〕inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters, 54landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather 55 —lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I 56 twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland 57 :gravl 砾,stonesandrocks. 58 youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith 59 snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro 60 itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.41.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters43.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name44.A.silentB.skepticalC.seriousD.crazy45.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.advocate46.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.quietC.allD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary49.A.payingoffB.spreadingoutC.blowingupD.fadingaway50.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight51.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded52.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose53.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials54.A.holdingontoB.goingbacktoC.livinguptoD.givingwayto55.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits56.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add57.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake58.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally59.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial60.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquire其次节〔101.515分〕阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence 61 theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62 (poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚拢)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare 68 (high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69 nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six 70 (be)stable,oneisincreasing,andni