北京市西城区2021届高三一模英语试题(含答案解析)

西城区高三统一测试西城区高三统一测试英语2021.4本试卷共15页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Somedreamstakelongertocometruethanothers,butwiththehelpof21st-centurysocialmediaandhergreat-grandson,attheageof110,oneBritishwomanis]hersatlonglast.AttheendofWorldWarI,AmyHawkinswasa7-year-oldchildwholovednothingmorethanto2 .Asateen,Hawkinssether3onbecominganentertainer.Hawkinswasonherway,touringthecountrywithadancetroupe（歌舞团）一untilherambitionwas4byhermom,whodidn'tseeitasarespectable5forayounglady.Alltheseyearslater,the110-year-oldladylivesathomeinMonmouth,SouthWales,surroundedbyherlovedones.Thefour-generationfamilyunitincludeshergranddaughter,HannahFreeman,andFreeman's14-ycar-oldson,Sacha.Eventhoughshe'snolongerdoingit6Hawkinshasneverstoppedsinging.“She'slikeaclock,onceyouwindherupshewon'tstop,“Freemansaidinaninterview,"Shejustkeepsasking,"Wouldyou7anotherone?'.''OnHawkins'110thbirthday,Sacha8hisgreat-gransingingoneofherfavoriteWWItunes.WhenFreemanjokinglysuggestedSachapostittoTikTok,neitherofthemcouldhave9theoverwhelminglypositiveresponseitwouldreceive,reaching100,000viewsandalargenumberofemotionalpraisesinjustdays.

Somejourneystakelongerthanothers.Sometimes,we'redetoured(绕路)alongtheway.Dreamscananddocometrueeveryday.Whileit'sbeenalongtimecoming,AmyHawkinsis1。awholenewgenerationoffans,LA.reflectingA.singA.valuesA.cutbackLA.reflectingA.singA.valuesA.cutbackA.methodA.nervouslyA.bringA.caughtA.imaginedA.entertainingB.realizingB.studyB.limitsB.cutinB.gradeB.professionallyB.haveB.videoedB.noticedbecomingrecallingC.paintC.sightsC.cutthroughC.levelC.reasonablyC.likeC.reportedmissedC.representingD.researchingfilmD.handsD.cutshortD.occupationD.secretlyD.readD.rememberedD.suspectedD.inviting第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AInvented11earlytwentieth-ccnturyAmericabyRichardDrew.Scotchtapecanbeusedtofixalmostanything.However,thereismoretothisfix-it-allthanjustthat.Stickyyeteasilyremoved,Scotchtapewasdesignedforuseinpaintingcars—tomaskoffareasthatshouldnot12(paint).Thetapesoonfoundotheruses.Duringthe1930s,peopledidn'thavemuchmoney,sotheycouldn'tthrowawaydamagedthings;theyhadtorepairthem.Drew'spaintingtapebecameapopular,money-savingfixforeverythingfromtornclothingtobrokeneggs.Sincethen》people13(find)allsortsofcreativewaystousethestickytape.Afteralotofpreparation,JosephLockwoodandPhilippaAmoswerefinallyreadytostarttheirjourneyintotheAmazonrainforest.Theywerefeeling14(cheer)astheysaileddownthegreatriver.Eventually,theygotoutoftheboatandwalkedintothedarknessofthejungle.Neitherofthemhadeverbeeninsuchanextremesituationbefore,usingjustacompass(指南针)tofindtheareawherethekindoffrogtheywantedtostudy15(live).Suddenly,Joseph,whowasholdingthecompass,trippedandlostitinariver.Thesituationseemedhopeless-howwouldtheyfindthefrogsnow?Butjust16theystartedtofeelreallysadandworriedthattheirjourney 17(be)afailure,theysawthefrogstheyhadcometolookfbr.cTheLongjiRiceTerraces(龙脊梯IT1)werebuiltbythelocalZhuangandYaopeople,towhomGuangxiishome.StartingintheYuanDynasty,workontheterracestookhundredsofyears.Theterracesare18(clever)designed,withhundredsofwaterwaysthatconnectwitheachother.Duringtherainyseason,itisalongthesewaterwaysthatrainwater19(move)downthemountainsandintotheterraces.Theseterracesalsoprovideaperfectenvironmentfbrbirdsandfish,someofwhichfeedoninsects20canharmthericecrops.TodaytheLongjiRiceTerracesattractthousandsofvisitorswhocometoadmirethisgreatwondercreatedbypeopleandnatureworkingtogether.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AImmersiveVanGoghFromthecreatorsoftheblockbustershowinParisseenbyovertwomillionvisitorsandstillwowingcrowdsinToronto,thewestcoastpremiere(首场)oftheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitwillbringtheartofVincenttolifeinLosAngeles.Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Thewordimmersiveindicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.Tmctoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconic(偶像的)paintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections."ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist'smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.Youwillexperienceartlikeneverbefore—loseyourselfinentrancing,movingimagesthathighlightbrushstrokes,detail,andcolor—tiulyilluminating(照亮)themindofthegenius.LOCATIONTheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitislocatedatasecretplacesituatedintheheartofLosAngeles.Tobeannouncedbeforetheexhibitopens,existingticketholderswillreceiveanemailwiththeplacenameandlocationonceitismadepublic.TICKETPRICESVIPTICKETS—S99.99PriorityaccessVanGoghcushion(agiftfbryou)LimitededitionposterPREMIUMTICKETS—$59.99•VanGoghcushion(rental)♦LimitededitionposterBASICTICKETS—S54.99♦AdmissiononlyCHILDTICKETS—S29.99Ages6-16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)AdmissiononlyChildticketsarenotsubjecttochangeofdatefees

Ticketsareavailableonlineat.GIFTSHOPStopbyourExhibitGiftShoptotakethemagicofVanGoghhomewithyou!Fromclothingandjewelrytohomedecor,children'sbooks,andsomuchmore,youwillfinduniqueandthoughtfulsouvenirsattheImmersiveWnGoghExhibit.Alsobesuretocheckoutatouronlinestore!ExperiencetheorganiclandscapesofVanGogh'simagination,andjourneythroughhisbrillianceandmadnessinacompletelynewandunforgettableway.Accordingtothepassage,theImmersiveVanGoghExhibit.presentsVanGogh'sartinamodemwaybeginsajourneytoVanGogh'shometowndisplaysVanGogh'spaintingsonmovingwallsdesignsprojectsonWnGogh'slearningexperienceFromwherecanpeoplefindinformationabouttheexactlocationoftheexhibit?A.Anemail. B.Awebsite.C.Theticketoffice. D.Thegiftshop.Howmuchshouldacouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushionatleastpayforthevisit?A.$109.98. B.$154.98.C.SI59.98. D.$199.98.BATVIdaNelsonandhersisterwererelaxingandenjoyingthemselvesinthesauna（桑拿室）whensheheardaseriesoflonglowsoundsfromasmallairplanecirclingthenearbyairport.ATVItwas11:30atnightintheAlaskanvillageofIgiugig,population70,and,asshetoldthereporter,“Anytimeaplanefliesoverthatlate,youknowsomethingiswrong.”Nelsonandhersisterleapedoutofthesauna,rantothewindow,andsawtheproblem:Theairport'srunwaylightswereout.NelsonthrewonsomeclothesJumpedintoherATV,andflooredittotheairport,whereshefoundalocalpilottryingtoturnonthelightsmanually.“Normally,ifyoupushthebutton10or15times,thelightswilljustlightupJNelsontoldKTOOoutofJuneau.Notthistime.Meanwhile,sheandthepilotlearnedoftheplane'surgentmission:Itwasamedevac（医疗救护直升机），theretotransportaseriouslyilllocalgirltothenearesthospital,280milesawayinAnchorage.Nelsonhadaplan.DrivingherATVtotheendoftherunway,sheshoneherheadlightsfbrtheplanetofollow.Greatidea,butitwasn'tenough.Morelightwasneeded,soaneighborcallednearlyeveryhomeinthevillage-32ofthem.Within20minutes,20vehiclesarrivedattheairport,manyofthedriversstillinpajamas（睡衣）.Followingdirectionsfromthemedevacpilot,thecarslinedupononesideoftherunway.Themedevacmadeitsfinalapproachand,guidedbytheheadlights,landedsafely.Theyoungpatientwasloadedontotheaircraft,andtheplaneimmediatelytookoffagain.Herillnesswasneverpubliclyrevealed,butshehassincebeenreleasedfromthehospital.Inaworldfilledwithuncertainty>thelittlecommunity'spositiveactivismwasabigdeal.NotsomuchforNelson.Asshetoldthereporter,inIgiugig,comingtogether“iskindofanormaldeal.”Whatproblemdidthemedevachave?A.Itarrivedlate. B.Itslightswerebroken.C.Itcouldn'tlandsafely. D.Itneededalocalpilot.WhatwasNelson'splantohelp?Helpingthepilottorepairthelights.Callingherneighborstohelptogether.Shiningtheheadlightsfbrtheplanetofollow.SendingtheseriouslyillgirltothehospitalinherATV.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?Knowledgestartswithpractice.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Nothingisimpossibletothemanwhowilltry.Asmallactofkindnesscanmakeabigdifference.cHumans'overconsumptionofresourcesisaleadingcontributortoglobalclimatechange,saysUniversityofArizonaresearcherSabrinaHelm.Therefore,it'sincreasinglyimportanttounderstandthechoicesconsumersmakeandhowthosedecisionsaffectthehealthofaplanetwithlimitedresources.Inanewstudy,publishedinthejournalYoungConsumers,Helmandhercolleaguesexplorehowmaterialisticvaluesinfluencepro-environmentalbehaviorsinmillennials,whoarenowthenation'smostinfluentialgroupofconsumers.Theresearchersfocusedontwomaincategoriesofpro-environmentalbehaviors:reducedconsumption,whichincludesactionslikerepairinginsteadofreplacingolderitems;and“greenbuying,Morpurchasingproductsdesignedtolimitenvironmentalimpacts.Theresearchersalsolookedathowengaginginpro-environmentalbehaviorsaffectsconsumerwell-being.Morematerialisticparticipants,theresearchersfound,wereunlikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.However,materialismdidnotseemtohaveaneffectontheirlikelihoodofpracticing“greenbuying."That'sprobablybecause“greenbuying,“unlikereducedconsumption,stilloffersawayfbrmaterialiststofulfilltheirdesiretogetnewitems,Helmsaid.Studyparticipantswhoreportedhavingfewermaterialisticvaluesweremuchmorelikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.Consuminglesswas,inturn,linkedtohigherpersonalwell-beingandlowerpsychologicalsuffering.Greenbuying-whichmayhavesomepositiveenvironmentaleffects,althoughtoasmallerdegreethanreducedconsumption-wasnotfoundtoimproveconsumerwell-being,Helmsaid.Thetake-homemessageforconsumers:"Thekeyistoreduceconsumptionandnotjustbuygreenstuff.HavinglessandbuyinglesscanactuallymakeusmoresatisfiedandhappierJHelmsaid.uIfyouhavealotofstufCyouhavealotonyourmindJshesaid."Forexample,itrequiresmaintenanceandthere'salotofburdensofownership,andifyourelieveyourselfofthatburdenofownership,mostpeoplereportfeelingalotbetterandfreer7,Helmandhercolleaguesadditionallylookedathowmaterialismaffectsmillennialconsumers'proactivefinancialbehaviors,suchasbudgetingandsaving.Examiningfinancialbehaviorsalongsidepro-environmentalbehaviorsprovidesapictureofhowyoungadultsproactivelydealwithresourcelimitationsintwocontexts:environmentalandfinancial,Helmsaid.Asexpected.Helmandhercolleaguesfoundthatthosewhoreportedhavingmorematerialisticvaluesengagedinfewerproactivefinancialbehaviorsthantheirlessmaterialisticcounterparts（对应的人）.Theresearchersalsofoundthat,consistentwithpreviousstudies,proactivefinancialbehaviorswereassociatedwithbetterpersonalwell-being,lifesatisfactionandfinancialsatisfaction,aswellaslowerpsychologicalsuffering.Understandinghowmaterialisticvaluesimpactconsumerbehaviors,andhowthosebehaviorsinturnaffectpersonalandenvironmentalwell-being,isimportant,Helmsaid.However,sheacknowledgesthatformanyconsumers,shiftingbehaviorstobemorefinanciallyproactiveandconsumelesswillbechallenging.Whatdoweknowaboutpro-environnientalbehaviors?Theyareacauseofclimatechange.Theyleadtoamoresatisfyinglife.Theyvaryindifferentagegroups.Theyareaffectedbymaterialism.ItcanbelearnedfromHelm'sstudythat.ownershipofgreenproductsbringsasenseofhappinessmaterialistspreferpracticinggreenbuyingtobuyinglessgreenbuyinghelpscontrolpeople'sdesiretobuynewitemsbuyinglessandgreenbuyinghavesimilareffectsonpeopleAccordingtothestudy,whichofthefollowingcanimproveone'swell-being?A.Replacingolderitems. B.Developingnewresources.C.Buyinggreenerproducts. D.Beingcarefulwithexpenses.WhatisHelmprobablygoingtoexplaininthenextparagraph?Whenpeopledevelopproactivefinancialbehaviors.Whichfinancialbehaviorsleadtomentalwell-being.Whyitishardtochangepeople'sfinancialbehaviors.Howmaterialisticvaluesinfluencefinancialbehaviors.DPlants,andtheinsectswhichrelyonthem,arethelivingfoundationsofourplanet.Butthesefoundationsareunderstressbecausewehaveatendencytoreplacefieldsandforestswithdecorativetreesandshrubsimportedfromaroundtheworld.Addingtotheproblem,ourobsession（痴迷）withperfectionleadsustousealotofpesticides（杀虫剂）.Theseactionsarepartofthereasonglobalbiodiversityiscrashing.ThereareoverthreebillionfewerwildbirdsinNorthAmericathantherewerein1970.Recentresearchshowsthatinsectnumbers,eveninnaturereserves,havefallen,and40percentofallinsectspeciesmaybeextinctwithinafewdecades.Thisisdiscouragingnews;however,thereareactionswecantaketohelpbringatleastsomespeciesback.Thefirststepistoredefineourconceptof“garden"toincludemorethanjustplants.Weneedtointentionallyshareourspace,andnotjustwiththebirds,beesandbutterfliesthatvisitourflowers,butalsowiththelittleinsectsthatmayeatapart（veryrarelyall）ofourplants.Therefore,wemustlimitpesticideuse.Ifscrucialtosupportnature'srecovery,andit'smuchbetterfbreveryone:nodoctorhaseverrecommendedlong-termexposuretopesticides.Manydrought-tolerantplantsbroughtinfromacrosstheplanetarebeingpassedoffasecofriendly.However,mostlythey'renot.Yes,you'resavingwater,buttheseforeignplantscanbecomedisasterswhentheyescapeouryards.Helpingtheenvironmentcanbeaboutmorethansavingwater.Evenindrierareas,liketheAmericanWest,theselectionofattractivenativeplantstochoosefromisvast.Ifdryisyourstyle,therearenativewildflowers,floweringbushesandtreesthatallowyoutosavewaterandnature.Xeriscapes（节水型园艺）leavemanygardenersthirstingforgreen,andthere'sanimportantalternativethathasbeenlargelyignored.Forthosedisenchantedwithdrylandscaping,usingunderappreciatedandwater-lovingnativeplantstomakeyourgardenareal-lifeoasis（绿洲）couldbelifesavingtowildlife.Innature,thisunsunggroupofnativeplantsislimitedtoriparianzones,thenarrowbeltsofgreenalongwaterbodies,butifconsumersdemandthem,nurserieswillincreasinglycarrytheseriparianspecies,andthepresenceofsuchplantsinthegardenwillprovidefbrmanyanimalsincludingnotjustbutterfliesandtheirrelativesbutalsocolorfulbirds.Theidealgardenwouldofferacombinationofdrought-tolerantnativeplantsandafewspeciesthatneedalittlemorewater,providingoptionsfbrlittleguestsandthebiggeronesthatwillcometoeatthem.Asmorecreaturesstopbytoshareouryards,wewillbemakingnature,andusall,alittlehealthier.

Whatdoweknowaboutinsectspecies?Theyhaveanimpactonthediversityofplants.Theydisappearbecauseoflackofnaturereserves.Theydecreasepartlyduetoourpursuitfbrperfection.Theyarethereasonwhywereplacefieldsandforests.Theunderlinedphrase"disenchantedwith“inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningA.sickofB.addictedtoA.sickofC.concernedabout D.impatientwithThepassagemainlytalksabout.whyweneedgrownativeplantsingardenshowgardeninghelpswithbiodiversitywhetherweshouldredefine"garden”whatbenefitsgardeningbringsWhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-pointC:ConclusionCP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-pointC:Conclusion根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyoutextoften,youlikelyhavea"textingstyle”.Doyouoftenuseemojis?Orwhataboutusingcorrectpunctuation（标点）？Whatdoallthesetextinghabitssayaboutyou?Tohelpyouunderstandyourself,herearesometextingstylesthatcantellyoualotaboutyourpersonality.Doyoualwaysuseemojiswhenyou'retexting?You'remostlikelysomeonewhoisopentoshowingyouremotionsandistruthful.35Tomakesuretheotherpersondoesn'tgetthewrongideaaboutyourmessages,youmakesuretoexpressthetoneofmessageswithanemoji,whichcanbeoftenusedaseffectivesignalsinmodernsocialcommunication.Ifyouliketorespondinone-wordtextslikeaquick“Good"，thenyoumostlikelyhaveamorereservedpersonality,andaren'tasopenwithyourtruethoughtsandfeelings.Becauseyouarenotasopenwithyouremotionsintexts,youmaynotcarehowlengthyyourresponseis.Butbecareful.36Doyouvaluepunctuationandgrammarinyourwriting?Thisloveofgrammargoesstraightintoyourtextsaswellasyouremails.Thisseemslikeagreatthing,doesn'tit?Butintexting,peopleseemtothinkotherwise.Simplyplacingaperiodattheendofsentencesintextscanmakeyoucomeacrossasuntrustworthytoothers.37Withthistextingstyle,youarerootedinlogicandalwayspayattentiontothelittledetails.Areyourtextslengthyandthoughtful?38Similartosomeonewhotextswithperfectgrammar,youareathoughtfulanddetail-orientedperson,whoenjoysdeepconversationsandlikesthingsthatarecontrolledandstable.39Whichtextingpersonalityareyou?Areyouamixofseveraltypes?It'simportanttonotethateveryonehasdifferentwaysoftextingindifferentsituations.Everyonetextstheircolleaguesinadifferentstylefromtheirfamilyortheirfriends.Ifyoueverthinksomeonemayhaveleftyouanunclearorrudetext,it'sbettertojustaskthemin-personwhattheymeantorwhattheywerefeeling.Doyourelatetoanyofthesetextingpersonalities?Doyouknowthatyouandyourfriendsmayhavedifferentstyles?Suchtextsmayalsoberatedaslesssincerethanthosethatdonot.Youmaybethebusytypewhodoesn'thavealotoftimetorespond.You'rethetypeofpersonwhounderstandstheimportanceofcontext.Youwantotherstoknowhowyou'refeelingwhenyou'reusingamessage.Ifyou'retextingsomeonewithadifferenttextpersonality,theymayviewyourtextasnegative.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Isitbetterforourbodiestoworkoutatcertaintimesoftheday?Scientistshaveknownforsometimethateverytissueinourbodiescontainsakindofbiologicalclockthatgoesoffinresponsetomessagesrelatedtoourdailyexposuretolight,foodandsleep.However,whetherandhowexercisetimingmightinfluencemetabolic（新陈彳弋谢的）healthhasbeenlessclear,andtheresultsofpastexperimentshavenotalwaysagreed.Amuch-discussed2019studyfoundthatmenwithType2diabetes（糖尿病）whocompletedafewminutesofhigh-intensityinterval（间隔）sessionsintheafternoonimprovedtheirblood-sugarcontrolaftertwoweeks.PatrickSchrauwen,aprofessorofnutritionandmovementsciencesreadthat2019studywithinterest.HehadbeenstudyingexerciseinpeoplewithType2diabetes,buthadnotconsideredthepossibleroleoftiming.Now,seeingthevaryingimpactsoftheintenseworkouts,hewonderedifthetimingofworkoutsmightsimilarlyaffecthowtheworkoutschangedpeople'smetabolisms.Incidentally,heandhiscolleagueshadaready-madesourceofdataintheirownpriorexperiment.Severalyearsearlier,theyhadaskedadultmenathighriskforType2diabetestoridestationarybicyclesatthelabthreetimesaweekfor12weeks,whiletheresearcherstrackedtheirmetabolichealth.Theyalsohadnotedwhentheridersshowedupfortheirworkouts.Theresearcherspulleddataforthe12menwhoconsistentlyhadworkedoutbetween8and10a.m.andcomparedthemwithanother20whoalwaysexercisedbetween3and6p.m.Theyfoundthatthebenefitsofafternoonworkoutsfaroutweighedthoseofmorningexercise.Hesays,“Thisstudydoessuggestthatafternoonexercisemaybemorebeneficialfbrpeoplewithdisturbedmetabolismsthanthesameexercisedoneearlier.Theparticularandmosteffectiveexerciseforeachofuswilllineupwithourdailyroutinesandexercisetendenciesbecauseexerciseisgoodfbrusatanytimeofday-butonlyifwechoosetokeepdoingit.”WhatinspiredProfessorSchrauwentocarryouttheresearchrelatedtothetimingofwork