2021-2022学年福建省福州市鼓楼区文博中学高二（下）期末英语试卷（附答案详解）

2021-2022学年福建省福州市鼓楼区文博中学高二（下）

期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）ABritain'sbrilliantbridgeshavesupportedtrade,broughtcommunitiestogetherandarealwaysthemostexcitingpartofthejourney.Thesemust-seebridgesarenowtouristattractionsintheirownright.CliftonSuspensionBridge,BristolDescribedbyitslegendaryengineerIsambardKingdomBrunelas"myfirstlove,mydarling1,,itwasoriginallydesignedforhorse-drawntraffic.Now,morethanfourmillionvehiclesayearcrossthe1,352ft-longtoll（通行费）bridgeovertheAvonGorge.The£ltollforeveryjourneypaysforitsmaintenance.Thehistoryofthebridge,datingbackto1864,iskeptalivethroughaprogrammeoftours,eventsandexhibitions.InfinityBridge,Stockton-On-TeesApedestrian（行人）andcyclefootbridgeacrosstheRiverTees,itsworkingtitlewastheNorthShoreFootbridge,beforeitwasgivenitsgrandernamewhenopenedin2009.ltisparticularlyincredibleatnight.Thearches（拱形）ofthebridgearealsolitwhiteand,oncalmnights,theirreflectioninthewaterappearsasaninfinity（无穷大）symbol,thusinspiringthenamewhichwaschosenbythepublic.TowerBridge,LondonAnengineeringwonderbuiltfromthousandsoftonsofPortlandstoneandsteel,ittookconstructionworkerseightyearstocomplete.Morethan120yearsold,it'sapopulartouristattraction,aswellasafunctionalbridge.Visitorscantakeintheviewsoverthecapital,experienceseeingLondonlifethroughtheGlassFloor,andvisittheVictorianEngineRooms.IronBridge,ShropshireOpenedin1781,thisisthefirstarchbridgeintheworldmadeoutofcastiron.Recognisedasoneofthegreatsymbolsoftheindustrialrevolution,ittransformedthecraftofbridgebuildingandwasacrucialfactorinthedevelopmentoftheirontradeinShropshire.Whichbridgehasthelongesthistory?

B.InfinityBridge.D.IronBridge.B.InfinityBridge.D.IronBridge.C.TowerBridge.WhatcanweknowaboutInfinityBridge?Itwasoriginallymeantforpedestrains.Thepublicgiveittwonames.Ifswellworthvisitingatnight.Itsarchisbiggerthananyotherbridge's.WhatmakesCliftonSuspensionBridgedifferentfromtheotherbridgesintroduced?Itchargesdriversforeachpassing.Itofferswalkersagoodviewatnight.Itwasmadefromthousandsofstones.It'sasymboloftheindustrialrevolution.BIwasinthesecondyearofmyPh.D.programwhenacolleagueaskedwhatIwoulddoifIhadanextrahoureveryday.Withoutmuchconsideration,!saidIwoulduseittohelpothers.Thequestionkeptcomingtomymind.Likemanygraduatestudents,!wasoverwhelmed（难以承受的）withresearch,teaching,coursework,andsomeattemptatapersonallife.StillJaskedmyself,"DoIreallyneeda25thhourtohelpotherpeople-ordoIneedtomakebetteruseofthe24hoursIhave?”Ineededsomethingtohelpmereturntomyoldself.Afterthatconversationwithmycolleague,1googled（谷歌搜索）"volunteeropportunitiesnearme".Alocalorganizationthatdrivespeopletostoresorappointmentswaslookingforvolunteers.Havinggrownupinaruralvillagewhereeveryoneknewoneanotherandmygrandparentswerealwayscloseby,IthoughtservingseniorcitizensinmynewhometownmightbejustwhatIneeded.Ashorttimelater,Istartedtovolunteerforanorganizationthatprovidestransportationforseniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilities.Tomysurprise,addingthisactivitytomybusylifewasjustwhatIneededtocalmtheconfusionIwasfeelingasafirst-generationinternationalgraduatestudent.Istartedtovolunteerabout3hourseveryweekend,thetimeIotherwisewouldhavewastedoversleepingorscrolling（滚屏）throughsocialmedia.Sharingstorieswithmyriderswasmuchmorerewarding.Whattheytoldmeabouttheirliveshelpedmerealizethatineverycomerof第2页，共21页theworld,humansareconnectedwiththelanguageofemotions.Andseeinghoweagermyridersweretospendtimeoutandaboutinspiredmetothinkabouthowtospendmytime,whichusedtoslipaway.Mypreviouslyoverwhelmingschedulebegantofeelmanageable.I'mproudofwhoIhavebecome,andIcontinuetoreflectonhowPmusingthemostvaluablethinginlife：mytime.WhydidtheauthoraskhimselfthequestioninParagraph1?Hewantedtoreturntonormallife.Hewasbusybutwantedtohelpothers.Hecouldn'tbeartoomuchschoolwork.D.Hecouldn'tanswerhiscolleague'squestion.Howdidtheauthorfindthevolunteerjob?Acolleaguerecommendedit.Alocalorganizationofferedit.Hegotitfromhisgrandparents.HegotitbysurfingontheInternet.Whatmadetheauthorfeelhisvolunteerjobwasworthdoing?Communicatingwithhisriders.Improvinghislanguagelearning.Meetinghisgrandparentsoften.Realizinghispreviousdream.Howdidvolunteeringinfluencetheauthor?Ithelpedhimbecomeconfidentandefficient.Hefoundagoodwaytoliveafreeandquietlife.HerealizedhehadwastedtoomuchtimepursuinghisPh.D.Itinspiredhimtosparemoretimetoaccompanyhisgrandparents.cPoaching（偷猎）andhabitatlosshavethreatenedAfrica'stwospeciesofelephants,takingthemclosertowardtheedgeofdisappearance,accordingtoanewreportreleasedbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature（IUCN）.Beforethisupdate,Africa'selephantsweregroupedtogetherandwereevaluatedasvulnerable（易受伤害的）bythelUCN.Thisisthefirsttimethetwospecieshavebeensortedseparately.Inthepast,elephantsweremostlyconsideredaseitherAsianelephantsorAfricanelephants.Forestandsavannaelephants（稀树草原象）weretypicallyclassifiedassubspeciesofAfricanelephants.TheAfricanforestelephantisnowlistedascriticallyendangeredandtheAfricansavannaelephantasendangered.ThenumberofAfricanforestelephantsfellbymorethan86%overa31-yearassessmentperiod.ThepopulationofAfricansavannaelephantsdroppedbyatleast60%overthelast50years,accordingtotheIUCN,whichtrackstheassessmentriskoftheworld'sanimals.Africacurrentlyhasanestimated415,000elephants,countingthetwospeciestogether.Bothelephantspeciesexperiencedsignificantpopulationdecreasesbecauseofpoaching.Althoughitpeakedin201hillegalhuntingstillhappensandcontinuestothreatenelephantpopulations.Africanelephantsalsofacecontinuedhabitatlossastheirlandisconvertedforagricultureorotheruses.Thereissomegoodconservationnews,theIUCNpointsout.Anti-poachingmeasures,combinedwithbetterlanduseplanningtosupportbetterhuman-wildliferelationships,havehelpedconservationefforts.Someforestelephantpopulationfigureshavestabilizedinwell-managedareasinGabonandtheRepublicofCongoandsavannapopulationfigureshaveremainedstableorhavebeengrowing,particularlyintheKavango-ZambeziTransfrontierConservationAreainsouthernAfrica.ButwithconstantdemandforivoryandincreasinghumanpressuresonAfrica'swildlands,concernforAfrica'selephantsishigh,andtheneedtocreativelyconserveandwiselymanagetheseanimalsandtheirhabitatsismoreseverethanever.WhatcanbeinferredfromthenewreportaboutAfricanelephants?Theyaredividedintothreekinds.Theyaredyingout.Theirthreatismainlyfrompoaching.TheirpopulationhasgrowninAfrica.WhatdoestheauthormainlytellusinParagraph3?ThedetailednumberofAfricanelephants.ThesimilaritiesofAfricanelephants.ThedifferenttypesofAfricanelephants.ThepresentsituationofAfricanelephants.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"converted"inParagraph4probablymean?A.Expanded.B.Protected.C.Transformed.D.Forbidden.WhafstheauthorsattitudetothepresentsituationofAfricanelephants?A.Hopeless.B.Optimistic.C.Uncertain.D.Worried.DDuetoclimatechanges,Arcticiceisbreakingupearlierinthespring,anditsareaisdecreasing.ThisiscreatingproblemsforpolarbearsthatmaketheirhomesoffnorthernAlaskaandinHudsonBay.PolarbearsoffAlaskanormallyhuntandraisetheiryoungonicesheetsthatfloatontheocean.Butastheicehasmelted,thepolarbearshavebeenforcedtospendmoretimeonland.There,theyhavebeguntofrequentbeaches,feedingontheremainsofwhalescaughtbynativehunters.Forpolarbears,thisfoodislessnutritiousthansealsthattheynormallycatchonicesheets.Theshrinking（减少）icehasalsoforcedmorepolarbearsintotheocean.Inthepast,theyonlyhadtoswimshortdistancesbetweenicesheets.Butastheicehasshrunk,polarbearshavebeenforcedtoswimlongerandlongerdistancesintheopenocean.Thisposesaseveredangerduringroughweather,andanincreasingnumberofdrownedpolarbearshavebeenobserved.InHudsonBay,theicebreaksupthreeweeksearlierinthespringnowthanitdid20yearsago.PolarbearsonHudsonBayfat（绝食）duringthesummer,waitingforicetoforminthefalltohunt.Everyyear,thesummergetslonger,andthebearsgetskinnier.Overthepast25years,theaverageweightofthefemalebearshasdropped68kg.Thislossaffectstheirabilitytoreproduce,andalreadythenumberofbirthshasdroppedby15percent.Unlessthebearscanlearntosurvivetheseclimatechanges,thesegiantsoftheicemayonedaydisappear.WhatisArcticicedoingearliereachyear?A.Ifsfreezing. B. It'shardening.C.Itsmelting. D. Ifsexpanding.WhatistrueofpolarbearsthatarespendingmoretimeonlandinAlaska?A.Theiryoungaredying. B. Theirdietischanging.C.Theirhealthisimproving. D. Theirfamiliesare growing.WhatdoesthewriterimplyaboutfemalepolarbearsinHudsonBay?Theyarehavingfeweryoungnow.Theysufferfromvarioussicknesses.Theydon'tneedstrongerprotection.Theycan'tfindenoughgoodmales.Inwhichpublicationwouldyoumostlikelyfindthispassage?A.MedicalNews. B.SocietyToday.C.WildlifeJournal. D.DesignMagazine.二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共12.5分)Peopleareconsumers(消费者).Wehavetospendlargepartsofourdaysfinding,buying,cookingandeatingourfood.Didyoueverthinkitmightbenicetobeabletomakeyourownfoodlikeplantsdo?(1).Theyperformaprocesscalledphotosynthesisusinglightfromthesun,waterandcarbondioxide.Theendresultofthischemicalreactionissugarfortheplantto"eat."Theplantgivesoffwaterandoxygen.(2).Plantshavespecialstructurescalledchloroplasts(叶绿体)thatanimalsdon'thave.Thesestructuresarefilledwithchlorophyll,whichgivesleafygreenplantstheirgreencolor.Theirmainjobistoabsorblightfromthesun.Chloroplastscanabsorbeverycolorexceptgreen.Lightmakeschlorophyllactive.ltcreatesanenergythatseparateswateroutintohydrogenandoxygen.(3).Hydrogenfromthewatercombineswithcarbonfromthecarbondioxidewebreatheout.Oxygenissentoutintotheair.(4).Plantsrelyonthecarbondioxidethatwebreatheout,andwerelyontheoxygenthatthey"breathe"out.ThisisonegoodreasonforprotectingplantlifeonEarth.Manyplantscanproduceaconstantsupplyofoxygenforus.Weneedplantsinordertosurvive.Conservation(保护)projectsaroundtheglobeareaimedatprotectingournaturalresources,includingnumerousspeciesofplants.(5).A.Plantsareproducers.B.Chemicalreactionstakeplace.C.Animalscan'tlivewithoutwater.D.Peopleandplantsmakeperfectpartners.E.Sohowdoplantsdoit,andwhycan*twe?F.Therewouldbetoomuchcarbondioxideintheair.G.Ourqualityoflifeandthefreshairwebreathedependuponourgreenplantpartners.

16.A.AEB.BC.CD.DE.F.FG.G17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)WhenIwasaboygrowingupIcan'tremembereithermymomormygrandmotherwastingfood.Anythingwedidn'teatatonemealwas(21),stored,andservedasleftoverslateron.Ican(22)mygrandmothermakingahugepotofbrownbeanswithalargecakeofcornbread.Wewouldalleatuntilwewere(23)buttherewasalwaysabouthalfofthebeans(24).Afewdayslatergrandmotherwouldtakethose(25)outoftherefrigeratonboilpasta,addparsleyand(26)themalltogetherintoherdeliciousPastaFasule(意大利面食).AndIalsorememberwhenI(27)mvmomfrybaconforusinthemornings,shewouldalwaystaketheextrabutterand(28)pouritintoacontainer.Thenshelaterwould(29)ittoflavorup(调味)somanyotherdishes.Ilearnedthe(30)wellandafterIgrewupItriedtoneverwastefoodmyself.Ialways⑶)theweek'smealsaheadoftimeandonlyboughtwhatwasonmyshopping(32)sonothingwenttowaste.Every(33)wentintoourstomachsandanyleftoverswerelatereatenbyeithermyself,myboys,ormydogs.Tomethrowingfoodinthetrashwasjust(34).Alltheworkittooktogrowit,harvestit,andprepareitneededtobe(35)andnotwasted.21.A.swallowedB.abandonedC.savedD.poured22.A.rememberB.witnessC.imagineD.assist23.A.uncomfortableB.fullC.unbearableD.content24.A.pickedoutB.leftoverC.madeuseofD.fedupwith25.A.cakesB.potsC.dishesD.beans26.A.rollB.dipC.mixD.fry27.A.watchedB.feltC.heardD.made28.A.frequentlyB.carefullyC.curiouslyD.suddenly29.A.sortB.removeC.digestD.use30.A.flavorB.serviceC.lessonD.task31.A.plannedB.cookedC.distributedD.collected32.A.billB.listC.paperD.spot33.A.vegetableB.sampleC.materialD.meal34.A.wrongB.commonC.awesomeD.endless35.A.confirmedB.ignoredC.recycledD.honored四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)36.Exercisemightseemlikeachoresometimes,(1)(particular)whenwegettoldsooftenthatweshouldexercisemore.Butweneedtogetupandstartmoving.Manyofusspendtoomuchtime(2)(stare)atscreens.Mostteengirlsdon'tmeetthestandardsforphysicalactivity.Getting(3)_(scold)aboutthis,though,doesn'treallyhelp.Andthat'stoobad,becauseexercisecanbebothfunandgoodforthebodyandthebrain.Exerciseisnotonlygoodforyourmuscles,(4)goodforyourbones.Gettingexercise⑸(help)teensbuildtoughbodies.Andteenswhoexercisemoreoftengrowupintoadultswithmuch⑹(strong)bones.Exercisecanincreasehowmuchoxygenandbloodgetstothebrain,andevenhowthebrainisstructured.Working(7)canproducechemicalsinourbodiesthatmighthelppreventdepression.Andaworkoutafterlearningsomethingcanhelpusformandkeepagreatnumberof⑻(memory).Somaybeit'snosurprise(9)somanyscientistsstudyexercise.Therearesomescientists,forinstance,whostudywhatmakeswinningrunnerssofast.(10)(other)studyrunninglizardsandastronautsinspacetofindouthowtokeephumanshealthybothonandoffplanetEarth.五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分).假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Peter学习汉语。请你写邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：(1)时间和地点；(2)内容：学习唐诗；(3)课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearPeter,Yours,LiHua.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Iwasasinglemotheroffourchildren,workingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystight,butwehadaroofoverourheads,foodonthetable,andclothesonourbacks.Ialwaystoldmyselftobebraveandstrong,justformyfourchildren.1hopedallmyeffortswouldbeworthwhile,aslongasmychildrencouldgrowuphealthily.EveryNewYear*sDaywedrovedowntowntoenjoyaspecialdinner,butthebigexcitementfbrthekidswasthefunofshoppingatthemalLThiswasatraditionofmyfamily,sotheyalllookedforwardtothecomingoftheday.Theytalkedandplannedforweeksaheadoftime,askingeachotherwhattheywantedforNewYear'sDay,Thebigdayarrivedandwestartedoutearly.Igaveeachofthefourkidsatwenty-dollarbillandaskedthemtosearchfbrgifts.Theneveryonescattered(散开)withthebill.Isatatatableinacafewaitingfbrmychildrenandenjoyinganinstantofsilence.ltmustbeahappyday.Backinthecardrivinghome,everyonewasexcitedabouttheday,laughingandaskingeachotheraboutwhattheyhadbought.InoticedGinger,myyoungerdaughterhadonlyonesmallandflatbagwithher.Icouldseeenoughthroughtheplasticbagtotellthatshehadboughtcandybars-fifty-centcandybars!WhatdidshedowiththattwentydollarbillIhadgivenher?Iwasangry.Aftergettinghome,Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor.Icouldn'tholdbackmyangerandshoutedather,"Whatabouttherestofthemoney?Noonewouldbeconvincedallthesecandiesareworth20dollars.Whatdidyoudowiththerestofthemoney?"注意:(1)续写词数应为150左右;(2)请按如下格式作答。Shewasshockedatmyreactionandburstintotears.Myangerdisappearedinstantly.答案和解析1〜3.【答案】D、C、A[解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段CliftonSuspensionBridge,Bristol-Thehistoryofthebridge,datingbackto1864.这座桥的历史可以追溯到1864年；InfinityBridge,Stockton-On-Tees-beforeitwasgivenitsgrandernamewhenopenedin2009.在2009年开放时，它被赋予了一个更宏大的名字；TowerBridge,London-Morethan120yearsoldjtsapopulartouristattraction.它有120多年的历史，是一个很受欢迎的旅游景点；IronBridge,Shropshire-Openedin1781,thisisthefirstarchbridgeintheworldtobemadeoutofcastiron.这座拱桥建于1781年，是世界上第一座用铸铁建造的拱桥。可知，这四座桥历史最长的是IronBridge,故选D。C.推理判断题。根据InfinityBridge,Stockton-On-Tees介绍内容Itisparticularlyspectacular（壮观）atnight.Thearchesofthebridgearealsolitwhiteand,oncalmnights,theirreflectioninthewaterappearsasaninfinitysymbol,therebyinspiringthenamewhichwaschosenbythepublic.它在夜晚的时候特别壮观。桥的拱门也被点亮，在平静的夜晚，它们在水中的倒影成为一个无限的象征，从而使得公众给它取名字带来了灵感。可知，在夜间的时候非常值得游览InfinityBridge,故选CoA.推理判断题。根据第二段The£1tollforeveryjourneypaysforitsmaintenance.^程1英镑的通行费用于支付其维护费用。可知，通过它的每一辆车都要收费，这是其特殊的地方，故选A.本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要向读者介绍了英国有名的一些桥梁，并对其进行了说明。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。4〜7.【答案】B、D、A、A【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的最后两句,'Likemanygraduatestudents]wasoverwhelmed（难以承受的）withresearch,teaching,coursework,andsomeattemptatapersonallife.Still,Iaskedmyself,*'DoIreallyneeda25thhourtohelpotherpeople-ordoIneedtomakebetteruseofthe24hoursIhave?”（像许多研究生一样，我被研究、教学、课程作业和一些个人生活的尝试所淹没。尽管如此，我还是问自己：“我真的需要25个小时来帮助别人一一还是需要更好地利用我拥有的24小时？"）”可推知，作者自己感觉还是可以充分安排好时间，并能空出一点时间来帮助他人。故选B项。D.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"Afterthatconversationwithmycolleague,1googled（谷歌搜索）"volunteeropportunitiesnearme".（在和同事的那次谈话之后，我用谷歌搜索了一下“身边的志愿者机会"）”可知，作者是在网上搜索出关于志愿者工作的信息的。故选D项。A.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的"Sharingstorieswithmyriderswasmuchmorerewarding.Whattheytoldmeabouttheirliveshelpedmerealizethatineverycomeroftheworld,humansareconnectedwiththelanguageofemotions.（与乘坐我车的人们分享故事是更有意义的。他们告诉我的生活让我意识到，在世界的每个角落，人类都与情感的语言联系在一起）”可知，和乘坐他车的人们的交流让作者觉得他的志愿者工作是值得做的。故选A项。A.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的最后两句"Andseeinghoweagermyridersweretospendtimeoutandaboutinspiredmetothinkabouthowtospendmytime,whichusedtoslipaway.Mypreviouslyoverwhelmingschedulebegantofeelmanageable.（看至U乘坐我车的人多么渴望在外面花时间，这激发了我去思考如何度过我的时间，而我的时间常常溜走。我以前繁重的日程安排开始变得可以应付了）"和末段中的”I'mproudofwhoIhavebecome（我为自己的成就感到骄傲）"可知，这份志愿者工作让作者感到自豪，也对自己的安排和学习自信起来了。故选A项。本文是一篇记叙文。作者在攻读哲学博士学位，虽然忙碌的研究、教学、课程作业等让作者疲于应对，但作者还是挤出时间来做志愿者工作。这让作者重新审视了生活中的时间利用问题：原本被浪费的时间是可以被用来做很多有意义的事情的。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。8TL【答案】B、D、C、D【解析】⑴B.推理判断题。根据第一段“Poaching（偷猎）andhabitatlosshavethreatenedAfrica'stwospeciesofelephants,takingthemclosertowardtheedgeofdisappearance,accordingtoanewreportreleasedbytheInternationalUnionfbrConservationofNature（IUCN）.（根据国际自然保护联盟发布的一份新报告，偷猎和栖息地的丧失已经威胁到非洲的这两种大象，使它们接近消失的边缘。）"可推知，非洲大象处于濒临灭绝的状况。故选B。D.段落大意题。根据第三段"TheAfricanforestelephantisnowlistedascriticallyendangeredandtheAfricansavannaelephantasendangered.ThenumberofAfricanforestelephantsfellbymorethan86%overa31-yearassessmentperiod.ThepopulationofAfricansavannaelephantsdroppedbyatleast60%overthelast50years,accordingtotheIUCN,whichtrackstheassessmentriskoftheworld'sanimals.Africacurrentlyhasanestimated415,000elephants,countingthetwospeciestogether.（非洲森林象现在被列为极度濒危物种，非洲草原象被列为濒危物种。在31年的评估期间，非洲森林象的数量减少了86%以上。根据追踪世界动物评估风险的世界自然保护联盟的数据，在过去50年里，非洲草原象的数量减少了至少60%。算上这两个物种，非洲目前估计有41.5万头大象。）”可知，在第三段作者主要告诉我们非洲象的现状。故选D。C.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文"Africanelephantsalsofacecontinuedhabitatlossastheirlandis"以及后文"foragricultureorotheruses"可知，非洲象还面临着栖息地的持续丧失，因为它们的栖息地转变成了农业或其他用途。故画线词意思是“转变"。A.Expanded.扩大；B.Protected.保护；C.Transformed.转变；D.Forbidden.禁止。故选C。D.观点态度题。根据最后一段"ButwithconstantdemandforivoryandincreasinghumanpressuresonAfrica'swildlands,concemforAfrica'selephantsishigh,andtheneedtocreativelyconserveandwiselymanagetheseanimalsandtheirhabitatsismoreseverethanever.（但是，随着对象牙的持续需求以及人类对非洲野生土地不断增加的压力，人们对非洲大象的担忧越来越高，创造性地保护和明智地管理这些动物及其栖息地的需求比以往任何时候都更加严峻。）“可推知，作者认为非洲大象的状况越来越严重故作者对它们的现状是感到担忧的。A.Hopeless.绝望的；B.Optimistic.乐观的；C.Uncertain.不确定的；D.Worried.担忧的。故选D。本文是一篇说明文。因为偷猎和栖息地的丧失，非洲两个物种的大象已经遭受严重威胁，处于灭绝的边缘。文章说明这个事实以唤醒人类的注意。.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。12〜15.【答案】C、B、A、C【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段Duetoclimatechanges,Arcticiceisbreakingupearlierinthespring（由于气候变化，北极冰层在春季早些时候就开始融化）可知，由于气候变化，北极的冰在春天的早些时候融化。故选C。B.细节理解题。根据第二段PolarbearsoffAlaskanormallyhuntandraisetheiryoungonicesheetsthatfloatontheocean.Butastheicehasmelted,thepolarbearshavebeenforcedtospendmoretimeonland.There.theyhavebeguntofrequentbeaches,feedingontheremainsofwhalescaughtbynativehunters.（远离阿拉斯加的北极熊通常在漂浮在海洋上的冰原上捕食和养育它们的幼仔。但随着冰的融化，北极熊不得不在陆地上待更长的时间。在那里，它们开始频繁地出现在海滩上，以当地猎人捕捉到的鲸鱼残骸为食。）可知，北极熊正常情况下吃在冰面上可以捕捉到的海豹，但现在由于冰的减少，它们只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸的残余物为食了。所以北极熊的饮食发生了改变。故选B。A.推理判断题。根据最后一段Overthepast25years,theaverageweightofthefemalebearshasdropped68kg.Thislossaffectstheirabilitytoreproduce,andalreadythenumberofbirthshasdroppedby15percent.（在过去的25年里，母熊的平均体重下降了68公斤。这种损失影响了它们的繁殖能力，生育数量已经下降了15%o）可知，因为北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%,所以作者提到雌性北极熊是想告诉我们，雌性北极熊现在生育的孩子越来越少。故选A。（4）C.文章出处题。通读全篇，并结合第一段ThisiscreatingproblemsforpolarbearsthatmaketheirhomesoffnorthernAlaskaandinHudsonBay.（这给居住在阿拉斯加北部和哈德逊湾的北极熊带来了麻烦。）可以发现文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响，而北极熊属于野生动物、所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自野生动物杂志。A.MedicalNews医学新闻；B.SocietyToday当今社会；C.WildlifeJournal野生动物杂志；D.DesignMagazine设计杂志。故选C。这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了气候变化对于北极熊的生存及繁殖带来的不利影响。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。16〜20.【答案】A、E、B、D、G【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据下文"Theyperformaprocesscalledphotosynthesisusinglightfromthesun,waterandcarbondioxide.（它们利用太阳光，水和二氧化碳进行光合作用。）"以及与首句"Peopleareconsumers（消费者）.（人就是消费者。）"的对比可知，选项"A.Plantsareproducers.植物是自然界中的生产者。"符合语境。故选A。E.细节理解题。根据下文"Plantshavespecialstructurescalledchloroplasts（叶绿体）thatanimalsdon'thave.（植物具有动物所没有的特殊结构，称为叶绿体。）"可知，选项"E.Sohowdoplantsdoit,andwhycan'twe?植物可以进行光合作用而人类为什么不可以这样做？"符合语境。故选E。B.细节理解题。根据上文"Chloroplastscanabsorbeverycolorexceptgreen.Lightmakeschlorophyllactive.ltcreatesanenergythatseparateswateroutintohydrogenandoxygen.（叶绿体可以吸收除绿色以外的所有颜色，光使叶绿素活跃，它产生一种能量将水分离成氢和氧。）"可知，B项中的Chemicalreactions指本段介绍的植物中的叶绿素在光的作用下吸收二氧化碳、释放氧气的这一化学反应过程。选项"B.Chemicalreactionstakeplace.发生化学反应。"符合语境。故选B。D.细节理解题。根据下文"Plantsrelyonthecarbondioxidethatwebreatheout,andwerelyontheoxygenthatthey"breathe”out.（植物依靠我们呼出的二氧化碳，而我们依靠它们“呼出"的氧气。）"可知，选项"D.Peopleandplantsmakeperfectpartners.人类与植物是完美的搭档。"符合语境。故选D。G.细节理解题。根据上文"Conservation（保护）projectsaroundtheglobeareaimedatprotectingournaturalresources,includingnumerousspeciesofplants.（世界各地的自然保护项目旨在保护我们的自然资源,包括许多种植物。）"可知，是人类之所以建立各种自然资源保护项目的原因一人类的生活质量和空气质量依赖于绿色植物。选项"G.Ourqualityoflifeandthefreshairwebreathedependuponourgreenplantpartners.我们的生活质量和我们呼吸的新鲜空气取决于我们的绿色植物伙伴。”符合语境。故选G。本文是一篇说明文。植物是自然界中的“生产者"，人类生存离不开植物。关于七选五的做题步骤：步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五：区分相似项。21〜35.【答案】C、A、B、B、D、C、A、B、D、C、A、B、D、A、D【解析】(l)C.考查动词及语境理解。A.swallowed吞咽；B.abandoned抛弃：C.saved保存；D.poured倒出。句意：我们一顿饭没吃的东西都被保存起来，储存起来，然后作为剩菜。根据下文"stored,andservedasleftoverslateron"可知,此处表示把剩菜保存起来。故选C项。A.考查动词及语境理解。A.remember记得；B.witness目击；C.imagine想象;D.assist帮助。句意：我记得祖母做了一大锅粽豆和一个大的玉米面包蛋糕。根据下文"Andialsoremember"可知，作者依旧记得外婆是怎样处理剩菜的。故选A项。B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.uncomfortable不舒服的；B.full饱的；C.unbearable难以忍受的；D.content满意的。句意：我们都会一直吃到吃饱为止，但总有一半左右的豆子剩下。根据上文"Wewouldalleatuntilwewere"可知，此处表示会一直吃到饱为止。故选B项。B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.pickedout挑选；B.leftover留下；C.madeuseof利用；D.fedupwith受够了。句意：我们都会一直吃到吃饱为止，但总有一半左右的豆子剩下。根据下文"buttherewasalwaysabouthalfofthebeans"可知，虽然他们每次都吃饱了，但还是剩下大约一半的豆子。故选B项。D.考查名词及语境理解。A.cakes蛋糕；B.pots锅；C.dishes菜肴；D.beans豆子。句意：几天后，祖母会把这些豆子从冰箱里拿出来，煮意大利面，加入欧芹，把它们混合在一起，做成美味的意大利面。根据上文"abouthalfofthebeans”可知，此处指把剩下的豆子从冰箱中取出，煮意大利面。故选D项。C.考查动词及语境理解。A.roll滚动；Bdp浸；C.mix混合；D.fry油炸。句意：几天后，祖母会把这些豆子从冰箱里拿出来，煮意大利面，加入欧芹，把它们混合在一起，做成美味的意大利面。根据下文"themalltogetherintoherdeliciousPastaFasule"可知，此处表示把豆子和欧芹混合到意大利面里。故选C项。A.考查动词及语境理解。A.watched看；B.felt感觉；C.heard听；D.made制作。句意：我还记得，当我看到妈妈早上为我们煎培根时，她总是把黄油小心地倒进一个容器里。根据下文"mymomfrybaconforusinthemornings"可知，这里指作者看妈妈煎培根。故选A项。B.考查副词及语境理解。A.frequently频繁地；B.carefully仔细地；C.curiously好奇地；D.suddenly突然地。句意：我还记得，当我看到妈妈早上为我们煎培根时，她总是把黄油小心地倒进一个容器里。根据上文"WhenIwasaboygrowingupIcannotonceeverremembereithermymomormygrandmotherwastingfood."可知,作者一家都很珍惜粮食，所以妈妈在制作食物时小心地将黄油倒进容器里。故选B项。D.考查动词及语境理解。A.sort整理：B.remove去除；C.digest消化：D.use使用。句意：后来她会用它来调味其他菜肴。根据下文"ittoflavorupsomanyotherdishes."可知，此处指用多余的黄油调味其他的菜。故选D项。C.考查名词及语境理解。A.flavor口味；B.service服务；C.lesson经验，教训:D.task任务。句意：我很好地吸取了他们的经验，长大后我自己也尽量不浪费食物。根据下文"afterIgrewupItriedtoneverwastefoodmyself."可知，作者也不浪费食物，很好的学习了家人这种节约食物的经验。故选C项。A.考查动词及语境理解。A.planned计划；B.cooked烹饪;C.distributed分布；□.collected收集。句意：我总是提前计划好一周的膳食，只买我买的东西，所以什么都不会浪费。根据下文"heweek'smealsaheadoftime"可知，此处指提前计划好一周的饮食。故选A项。B.考查名词及语境理解。A.bill账单；B.list列表；C.paper纸；D.spot地点。句意：我总是提前计划一周的饮食，只买购物单上的东西，所以什么都不会浪费。根据上文"theweek'smealsaheadoftimeandonlyboughtwhatwasonmyshopping"可知，是指购买购物清单上的东西。故选B项。D.考查名词及语境理解。A.vegetable蔬菜：B.sample样本；C.material材料；D.meal饭。句意：每顿饭都进了我们的胃，剩下的食物之后都被我、我的孩子或我的狗吃掉了。根据下文"wentintoourstomachs"可知，此处是指每一顿饭都吃进肚子里。故选D项。A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.wrong错误的；B.common普通的；C.awesome令人敬畏的；D.endless无尽的。句意：对我来说，把食物扔进垃圾桶是不对的。根据下文"Alltheworkittooktogrowit,harvestit,andprepareitneededtoberecycledandnotwasted/'可知，作者是非常反对浪费的，认为把食物扔进垃圾桶是错误的。故选A项。D.考查动词及语境理解。A.confirmed确认；B.ignored忽视；C.recycled回收；D.honored尊重。句意：种植、收获和准备所需的所有工作都需要尊重，而不是浪费。根据上文"AHtheworkittooktogrowit,harvestit,andprepareitneededtobe"和下文“notwasted”可知，种植、收获和准备都是劳动成果，不应该被浪费，所有的工作都应被尊重。故选D项。本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小受外婆和妈妈的熏陶，学会了保存和充分利用剩菜而不浪费。作者在以后的生活中从不浪费，认为我们要尊重所有的劳动成果。近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。.【答案】【小题I]