新概念英语听课笔记

新概念英语听课笔记新概念英语听课笔记新概念英语听课笔记xxx公司新概念英语听课笔记文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度新概念英语听课笔记主讲老师：屈慧贞使用教材：新概念英语第二册QQ:654409503概述：1Vocabulary2GrammarUnit1句子结构；事态语态Unit2定语从句；同位语从句Unit3非谓语动词；独立主格Unit4倒装；虚拟语气3Listeningandspeaking5ReadingandWriting6Assistanceinexaminations词类：1名词2动词3形容词4副词5介词6冠词7代词8数词9连词10叹词基本句型：主语+不及物动词Thetelephonerang.主语+系动词+表语Igotveryangry.主语+及物动词+宾语ILoveanimals.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Heisfindingthistripveryexciting.主语+及物动词+双宾语HelenteabookHelentabooktome.词汇：Private–adj.1个人的；私人的2私营的；私立的同义词：personal反义词：Public–adj.公开的；公共的；公立的短语：inpublic（公开地）inprivate（私下里；单独地）Seat–n.座位（抽象的作为）vt.使就坐短语：Have/Takeaseat,pleaseIsthisseattaken?Seatoneself常用beseated形式：Shewasseatedatthetable.辨异：bench长椅couch沙发Angry生气Grouchy不高兴的Cross/annoyed(angry)生气的Mad/furious-adj.狂怒的；暴怒的Areyoumadatme,orsomething你生我气了吗？Attention注意短语：PayattentiontoPaygreatattentionto非常注意Paynoattentionto一点不注意Bear1.v忍受；容忍2.v生育例句：Icanbearyou.注意：bear表示“生育”用于被动语态是，过去分词用born而不是borne.同义词：Stand;PutupwithBusiness–n.事；事情例句：ItisnoneofyourbusinessMindyourownbusinessThatismybusiness其他搭配：GotothetheatreGotothecinemaGotoschool’GotohospitalGotochurch去做礼拜BeinterestedinIwasinterestedintheplainTakean/greatinterestin对XXX感兴趣（书面语）Enjoydoingsth(enjoy享受)Ayoungcouple一对年轻情侣Aheadof(动态概念)9/8/20091:07:13PMGive、lead、send接双宾语Find、make、feel可接宾补副词一般不作宾补Get、become、turn变得Turnaround、round转身Lookat可以当成及物动词词组Notice强调感官注意到Playattentionto心理上重视Intheend（不用于句子中）=atleast=finallyAgain=onceagain=oncemore=onemoretimeLesson2Until1.Prep直到2.conj直到Wetalkeduntilmidnight.WetalkeduntiltherainstoppedNot……until……到**时才/再From……until……从……到……FromMondaytoFridayMondaythroughFridayTill……（不用于句首）upto……Sofar=untilnow=uptonowSofarsogood直到现在一切都好Ringv.（铃，电话等）响。n.戒指，指环状物rangrung可当及物与不及物JustthenthetelephonerangPleaseringthebellifyouneedhelpRingabell有印象，依稀记得Itdoesnotringabellwithme.Iwillring/callyoutonightIwillgivearing/calltonightAuntn.姑，姨，婶子，舅母Unclen.叔，伯，姑父，姨夫Nephewn.侄子，外甥Niecen.侄女，外甥女Cousinn.堂兄弟姐妹，表兄弟姐妹Brunchn.早午饭It虚主语，多指时间，天气，环境，距离It’soneo’clockIt’scold/hottodayIt’sdarkoutsideIt’s2milesfrommyhometotheschool时间频率副词never/rarely/seldom/sometimes/often/usually/always……副词再句子中，多位于实意动词（表示具体动作）之前，助动（do/be/have）和情态动词（can/may/must/should/will……）之后YoushouldnevertrusthimDoyoualwaysgetupsolate?Sleeplate睡到很晚才起Gotobedlate睡的很晚Stayup熬夜Stayinbed呆在床上Lieinbed躺在床上Remaininbed躺再床上Sometime一段时间Sometime某个时候Sometimes有时候IwillcallyousometimenextweekIwillbeawayforsometimeThis/that/next/last前面不加介词Outof反义词into感叹句结构一What+a/an(+形容词)+可数名词单数（+主+谓）Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!结构二What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语、谓语）Whatlovelychildren(theyare)!Whatterribleweather(itis)!结构三How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）Howhandsome(theboyis)!Howbeautiful(thegirlis)!结构四How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）Howcuteaboy(heis)Howinterestingastory(itis)!现在进行时肯定句S.+be+(am/is/are)+doing否定句S.+be+not+doing一般疑问句Be+S.+doing特殊疑问句疑问句+be+S.+doing表示现在进行的动作表示即将发生的动作IammovingthisweekendHe’smeetingthemanagertomorrowJustthen=atthatmoment（正在那时）Justadv.刚刚（句子中位置同时间频率副词）英式用于现在完成时（如本文）美式用于一般过去时问时间What’stimeisit?

Havegotthetime?Gotthetime?Doyouhavethetime?Lesson3SendV.寄，送（sent,sent）双宾语SendsthtosbdSendsbdsth邮寄：英：post美:mailSpoilv.损坏、毁掉、宠坏=ruinRuinone’slifeSheisspoiled她被宠坏了。Damagev.损坏（物）Destroyv.彻底摧毁（物）Thebridgewasdamaged/destroyedInjurev.使人受到身体的伤害（事故）Woundv.使人受到刀伤或枪伤Thewounded伤员Hurtv.使人受到身体、精神上的伤害Youhurtmyheart.你伤了我的心。Friendlyadj.有好的、亲切的N+ly=adj.像……一样的Manly有男子气概的、（女）像男人的Womanly有女子气概的、像女人的Miserly吝啬的（misern.守财奴）Cowardly胆小的（cowardn.懦夫）Lendv.借给（lent.lent）区分：borrowv.借（入）句型：borrowsthfromsbd无borrowsbdsth结构Decisionn.决定句型：、MakeadecisionReachadecisionArriveatadecisionCometoadecisionShemadeadecisiontomarrytheyoungman.同义：Decidetodo……Makeupone’smindtodo下定决心ImadeupmymindtostudyabroadSingle1.Adj.唯一的、单一的2.Adj.单身的，未婚的。=availableAsinglebed单人床Asingleticket(美用aone–wayticket)单程票Doubleadj.两个的、双倍的Adoublebed/roomThirdadj.三个的、三倍的Engaged订婚的Married结婚的Divorced离婚的过去时时间过去发生的动作或存在的状态过去一段时间内的习惯，反复发生的动作结构一般动词。S(主语)+Ved(动词一般过去式)否定：s+didn’tv(原型)疑问：did+s+v(原型)……

be动词s（主语）+was/were否定：s+wasn’t/weren’t疑问：was/were+s……

补充：一般过去式经常和表示过去时间的状语连用如:yesterday;lastweek;twoyearsago;in1999等。9/8/200910:07:01PMIt’sGreektome我一点也听不懂。Everydaylife日常生活Thinkof原来不知道，但是现在想到了想到Thinkabout想着Pass=goby=flyHowtimeflies!时间过的真快啊！Bysthforsbd=bysbdsth用for的：buymakedofindcall(Iwillcallataxiforyou.)Spend……onsthSpend……（In）Allday=thewholedayPay钱tosbdforsthLesson4Excitingadj.令人兴奋的ExcitingnewsIfoundthegameveryexcitingExcitedadj.感到兴奋的TheexcitedaboutExciteexcitementInterestinginterestedSurprisingsurprisedSatisfyingsatisfiedReceivev.接受、受到、得到Receivealetter/agiftReceivegoodeducationReceiveawarmwelcomeReceive……from……Ireceivedaletter/aphonecallfrommymotherthismorning.Get=receiveIgotaletter/aphonecallfrommymotherthismorning.Sendv.寄、送acceptv.接受（更强调主观上的接受）Isenthimagift,buthedidn’treceiveit.Ireceivedaninvitation,butIdidn’tacceptit.Differentadj.不同的AisdifferentfrombAisdifferentthanb(am.e)SameAisthesameasba和b相同Indifferentadj.冷漠的Heisindifferenttoallpeople.Indifferencen.冷漠Loveme,orhateme,butshownoindifference.Abroadadv.到国外、在国外Goabroad出国LiveabroadStudyabroadTravelabroadForeignadj.国外的Overseasadj.&adv.大洋彼岸的Foreign/overseasstudentsWorkoverseas/abroadAboardadv.上船、车、飞机，在船、车、飞机上Allaboard全体上车Welcomeaboard！欢迎加盟现在完成时的构成肯：S.+have/has+done否：S.+haven’t/hasn’t+done疑：have/has+S.done使用条件：1表示一直延续到现在的动作。2动作在过去已经发生，但对现在的影响依然存在，二具体发生时间不明，一旦有具体发生的时间，就必须用一般过去时。现在完成时的标志词：句子中出现下列时间状语常常提示我们应该使用现在完成时：Just(英式),lately,recently,yet,already,ever,never,sofar,uptonow,before,for…,since…,…同位语（appositive）：如果一句话中两个句子成分所指内容相同，则后者成为前者的同位语。JohnSmith,afriendofmine,hasjustcalled.主系表表语：补充说明主语，常由名词；形容词；副词；介宾或句子组成。注意：不可延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。Die,marry,come,arrive,leave,go,finish,buy,etc.Mydoghasdiedforthreeyears.×Mydoghasbeendiedforthreeyears.Workfor+公司Workas+职务+for+公司Heisworkingasanengineerforabigfirm.I’mworkingasanEnglishteacherforneworientalschool.表示“已经……”在肯定句中用“already”多位于句中；在否定和疑问句中用“yet”，（否定句中翻译为“还（没有）……”）多位于句尾。Anumberof…一些；若干……Agreatnumberof…大量的……Leaveto把某物遗赠给某人Leavefor为某人留下什么Flyto=byplane/airGoto…inahurry=hurryto匆忙的Beforeadv.以前（单独使用，位于句尾，现在完成时态标志词之一）Agoadv.…以前(不能单独使用，用于一般过去时)IsawhimtwodaysagoFind+宾语+宾补觉得、认为某人某物……Ifindthebookveryuseful.Ifindthegirlcleveranddiligent.IfindEnglishdifficultbutveryinteresting.Mary在英国住了三年MaryhaslivedinEnglandfor3yearsMary还没有去英国Maryhasn’tgonetoEnglandyet.Mary以前从来没有去过英国MaryhasneverbeentoEnglandbefore.区分havegoneto/havebeentoInthisway=bythismeansBytheway顺便问一下，对了Onthe/one’swayto…去……的路上Onthe/mywaytoworkOnthe/mywayhomeInthe/one’sway挡（某人的）路Thereisamotorcycleinmyway/onmywaytothestation.Inaway从某种程度上讲。Inaway,heisverysuccessful.Lesson6定冠词aantheA/an不定冠词，只修饰可数名词单数。The定冠词，可修饰任何名词。A/an用于第一次出现出现的人或物前，用a还是an取决于后面单词的第一个音标；如是元音用an，辅音用a。定冠词the常见的三种用法1用于特指的人或物前Thewatchismine.2用于世界上独一无二的事物前Thesun/earth/moonTheGreatWallTheEuropeanUnion3用于上文中提到过的人或物前地理名词（江河海山川等<湖例外>）前要加定冠词the，如：TheThamesTheRockyMountainsThePacificOceanTheMiddleEast湖前常不加定冠词：LakeGeneva日内瓦湖但人名国家名城市名前一半不加冠词。少数国家例外，如：TheUnitedStatesTheUnitedKingdomThePeople’sRepublicofChina拿首字母代替一般可以不加the，但是全写要加。ThePhilippinesTheNetherlandsTheDemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea朝鲜民主主义共和国表示很多个同名同姓的人中的一个时，人名之前需要加a/an。表示事物种类的方法一不可数名词前不加冠词二可数名词有三种形式1名词复数2the+单数名词3a/an+单数名词Horsesarebeautifulanimals.ThehorseisabeautifulanimalAhorseisabeautifulanimal.Lession7Expectv.期待、等待Iamexpectingapresentfromhim.Ididn’texpectthatyoucamesoearly.Expectsbdtodosth期待某人做某事ExpectsthtobedoneIstillexpectthepolicetofindmybag.Istillexpectybagtobefoundbythepolice.Valuableadj.贵重的，宝贵的AvaluableringValuableadviceDon’twasteyourvaluabletime.Valuen.价值Valuelessadj.一钱不值的Invaluable价值高的无法估计的，值钱的。Pricelessadj.无价的，值钱的Precious宝贵的Diamondn.钻石阅读词汇（了解词汇）Ruby红宝石Emerald绿宝石Sapphire蓝宝石Platinum铂金Stealv.偷（stole,stolen）Stealsth(fromsbd)Athiefstolemybag(fromme)Robv.抢Robsbd/sp(ofsth)Arobberrobbedmeofmybag.要点：steal的宾语是东西，rob的宾语是人或地点。HiswalletwasstolenHishousewasrobbedGuardn.1警戒，首位2警卫员Beonguard很警惕，在站岗Twomenareonguardatthegate.Beoffguard不警惕Catchsbdoff-guard让某人很惊讶Yourarrivalreallycaughtmeoff-guard.Bodyguardn.保镖Lifeguardn.救生员Safeguardv.保护，捍卫Punctual准时的Punctuality准时过去进行时态时间：表示过去某时或末阶段正在进行的动作。结构：S+was/were+doing…否定:S+wasn’t/weren’t+doing疑问：Was/were+S+doing…

过去进行时经常用于、when、while及as引导的时间状语从句中。WhileIwassleeping,thetelephonerang.YesterdaywhenIwaswalkingdownthestreet,ImetSusan.Callthepolice打电话报警Gotothepolice去报警Tellpolice报警Trytodo努力去做Trydoing尝试做某事以下词类不用于进行时态1短暂性动词。2静态动词。Love/have/exist/think/understand区分Theother另一个（指两个中另一个）Hecameinwithanappleinonehandandanorangeintheother.Another另一个（多指三个以上中）Givemeanotherone.Ineedanothertwodays.Others代词，常用语some…(the)others结构Somepeoplecamebackwhiletheothersdidn’tOther其他的，常作形容词。OtherstudentsWhereismyothershoe?Therest其他的，其余的。Toone’s+N.Befullof装满了，充满了Befilledwith充满着动词短语宾语的位置及物动词词组的宾语若是名词可放中间可放末尾，若是代词只能放中间；不及物动词词组的宾语无论名词代词只能放末尾。Lesion8Competitionn.1比赛、竞赛2竞争AchesscompetitionAbeautycompetitionCompetitioninthemarketCompetewith…与……竞争比赛Competitorn.竞争者，对手Competitiveadj.竞争性的Competitivenessn.竞争力China’scompetitivenessininternationalmarketsMatch/game2名运动员或2支球队的比赛Aball/boxingmatch/gameContest由裁判打分的比赛Abeauty/singing/dancingcontestRace竞速比赛Acar/swimming/horseraceTheOlympicGamesPathn.小路，小径Thepathtosuccess/victory/freedom…Road泛指道路Street城市里的街道Avenue/boulevard林荫大道（多用于街道的名字）FifthAvenueChang’anBoulevardHighway城市间的公路Motorway/freeway高速路Expressway高速路形容词的比较级最高级英语中大多数形容词副词有三种形式：原级、比较级、最高级。比较级，最高级变化规则1一般情况下，单音节词和以y结尾的双音节词词尾加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。一般情况+-er/esthardharderhardest以-e结尾+r/-stlargelargerlargest以辅音字母+y结尾把y变成i再加-er/estbusybusierbusiest以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾比较级最高级变化规则2多音节词（通常大于等于两个音节）的比较级最高级分别为：More+原级themost+原级原级比较级最高级GoodwellbetterbestBadbadlyillworseworstMuchmanymoremostLittlelessleastFarfarther(具体的远)farthest（具体的远）Further（抽象的远）furthest(抽象的远)Oldolderelderoldesteldest形容词最高级前必须加the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。在表示范围的词前加In，在表示群体的词前加of或among。Mr.YuistherichestmaninBeijing.ThegirlspeaksEnglish(the)bestof/amongus.Enterforsomething报名参加比赛、考试Signupforsomething报名参加课程Nearly100studentssignedupfortheEnglishcourse.Joinin/takepartin/participateinsomething参加（活动、比赛、会议等）Joinsomething参加某个组织Winwonwon赢得……Wefinallywonthegame.Ifinallywonhisheart.BeatbeatbeatenDefeatdefeateddefeatedWefinallybeat/defeatedthatteam.形容词副词比较级+than…1MaryismorebeautifulthanJane.2MaryismorebeautifulthanJaneis.Grow/raisesomething种植（花、蔬菜、水果、庄家……）Raisesomething还可表示“养殖家禽、家畜”Plantsomething种花、种树（不表示培育）系动词后可跟形容词Itgrewdark.天变得黑了Growup长大成人Build=make建造Gardeningisahardjob.Gardeningishardwork.Job可数work不可数Thanksfor因为Lesson91n.欢迎v.欢迎adj.受欢迎的Acold/warmwelcomeWereceivedawarmwelcome我们受到热烈的欢迎Welcome!WelcometoBeijing.Youarewelcome.不客气：NotatallYouarewelcomeIt’smypleasure.It’snothingDon’tmentionit.Anytime.Sure.Gatherv.聚集Acrowdofpeoplegatheredatthegate.Gathercrops收割庄稼Thedarknessgathered.夜色渐浓Gatherrosebudswhileyoumay花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。Cometogether到一起来，聚集Collect聚集Refusev.拒绝Refuse+n./pron.Refuse+todo…Sherefusedthegift/present.Ineverrefusetohelpoldfriends.Refusaln.拒绝Hisrefusalhurtsfeelings.Turndown拒绝Don`tturn6medown别拒绝我Sayno(to……)拒绝Hesaidnotoanysuggestions.Declinev.婉言谢绝Hedeclinedtheinvitation.Rejectv.拒绝接受（尤指申请……）Hisapplicationwasrejected.Itonlyacceptsstudentsrejectedbyuniversities.介词：In/at/onIalwayscallmymomintheevening.IalwayscallmymomonSaturdayevenings.Onacoldwintermorning.OnthenextnightOnawindynightOn+天特定某天的某个时间。NewYear`seve新年前夜ChineseNewYear`seveChristmasEveHalloweenEve万圣节前夜Crowd>group/party/band一群（人）Gang一帮（坏人）GangofFour四人帮People=personsStrike–struck–struck(钟)打点、报时In20minutes在二十分钟后In+一段时间年、月、四季大地点ThemorningTheafternoonTheeveningAt+时间点小地点NoonNightDawnDuskHearfromsomebody收到某人的来信Hearofsomebody/something听说SomethinghappenAcaraccidenthappenedtohim.Pastprep./advPassv.Cross/acrossIcrossedthestreet/Iwalkedacrossthestreet.Begintodo=BegindoingStarttodo/doingStoptodo停下来去做一件事stopdoing停下正在做的事Lessons10Keyn.1(琴、打字机、电脑)键Keyboard键盘2钥匙、答案、关键ThekeytothedoorThekeytothequestionEnglishhasnowbecomeaninternationallanguage.Therefore,ifyouhaveagoodcommandofthislanguage,youholdthekeytosuccessTheanswertothequestionTheentrancetothebuildingThepathtosuccess成功之路ThesolutiontotheproblemShockvt.使震惊（多为不好的事）Shockedadj.感到震惊的Shockingadj.令人震惊的Beshockedat/by…对……感到震惊Shockn.震惊那个消息让我很震惊:ThenewsshockedmeIwasshockedatthenewsThenewswasshocking(tome)ThenewsgavemeashockShockvt.只指坏的，程度重Surprisevt.可好可坏，程度不重Astonishvt.使惊讶（难以置信）Amazevt.使惊讶（令人迷惑）Amazingadj.棒极了Languageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Allowsomebodytodo允许某人去做PermitsomebodytodoGivesomebodypermissiontodoForbidsomebodytodo/fromdoingHeisforbiddentoleavethecountryFromleavingthecountryProhibitsomebodyfromdoingBansomebodyfromdoingBan强调立法禁止被动语态A+DO+BB+be+done(+bya)被动语态的不同事态体现在be动词上时态被动语态一般现在am/is/are+done一般过去was/were+done现在进行am/is/are+being+done过去进行was/were+being+done现在完成has/have+been+done过去完成had+been+done一般将来will+be+done过去将来would+be+done被动语态多用于以下场合1不知道动作的执行者Thetemplewasbuiltin18002没必要指出动作的执行者Thetempleisbeingrepaired3强调动作的承受者Brucewashitbyacar比较：AcarhitBruceCallABBemadein在某地制造Bemadefrom由……制造Bemadeof由……制造ThewineismadefromgrapesBemadeinto…被做成……Theclothwasmadeintoadress.BemadeforThecoffeewasmadeforyou.Keepvt.放置（强调状态）Put/placevt.放置（强调动作）Heput/placedthekeysinhispocket.Healwayskeepsthekeysinhispocket.livingroom客厅sittingroom客厅bathroom厕所restroom公共厕所bedroom卧室kitchen厨房diningroom餐厅garage车库study书房attic阁楼basement地下室balcony阳台yard院子storeroom储藏室guestroom客房BelongtoBelongingsPlaythe+乐器So……that……太……以至于……Afatherofmyfather`s(friends)Oneofmyfather`sfriends（双重所有格）Lesson12Luckn.幸运、运气（不可数）Goodluck!WishmeluckBetterlucknexttime!Luckyadj.幸运的Eightismyluckynumber.Luckyyou!/Luckyme!It`syour/myluckyday!Youshouldthankyourluckystars.Sailv.乘船航行Sailfrom…to…Drivefrom…to…Flyfrom…to…Goto…byboat/ship/car/train/plainGoto…bywater/sea/land/airGoto…onfootProudadj.骄傲的Heisasproudasapeacock.Beproudof…对……感到骄傲Takepridein…对……感到骄傲Prideoneselfon…以……而骄傲Heisproudofhiswork.Hetakesprideinhiswork.Heprideshimselfonhiswork.Modestadj.谦虚的Bemodestabout…对……谦虚Heisverymodestabouthisachievements.Modestyn.谦虚、谦逊Goodbye./Bye./Bye-byeByefornow.Seeyou(later/around/soon)Seeyoulater,alligator.Afterawhile,crocodile.Solong.(很长时间都不会再见了)Ta–Ta一路顺风Haveanice/goodtrip/journey!Happylandings!Bonvoyage!一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况肯定句S.+will/shall+do否定句S.+will/shall+not+do或者S.+won`t/shan`t+do疑问句will/shall+S.+doShall只用于第一人称（Iwe），当代英语多用will代替之。Meetsomebody在约定场所与某人见面See/wavesomebodyoff向某人告别Johnwenttothedoortosee/waveheroff.Say/wavegoodbyetosomebody.Wave/kisssomebodygoodbyeEarlyinthemorning在凌晨IntheearlymorningLateintheafternoon在傍晚InthelateafternoonSailacrosstheAtlantic横渡大西洋FlyacrosstheEnglishChannel飞跃英吉利海峡动词+across+宾语Cross+宾语+方式状语CrosstheAtlanticbyboatCrosstheEnglishChannelbyplaneWalkacrossthecountryCrossthecountryonfoot四大洋TheAtlantic(Ocean)大西洋ThePacific(Ocean)太平洋TheIndianOcean印度洋TheArctic(Ocean)北冰洋启程、出发Setout/offStartout/offPlentyof充足的、绰绰有余的（修饰可数、不可使）Plentyof=enough充足的、足够的：AmpleAbundantSayhi（to…）向某人问好Saynoto…Saynotodrugs拒绝毒品Lesson13将来进行时态结构Willbedoing…1表示将来某时将正在做的事。Whatwillyoubedoingat8o`clocktomorrowmorning?

Iwillbesleeping.2表示将要做的事，类似于一般将来，比一般将来更强调一个动作的有计划性和安排行。将来进行时尤其用于可预见性的将来或询问别人的计划打算时Iwillbegoingabroadnextyear.Willyoubehavingdinnerwithustonight?

洗衣服：DothelaundryWouldyouspeakEnglish

Amusingadj.令人好笑的Amuseadj.感到好笑的Amusev.令……感到好笑Thestoryamusedme.Iwasamusedbythestory.Thestorywasamusing.Amusementn.娱乐、消遣Amusementpark游乐场Experience1.n.经历（c）2.N.经验(u)AhappyexperienceWeshouldlearnfrompastexperience.Experienceisthemotherofwisdom经验是智慧之母Experiencev.经历某事Ihaveneverexperiencesuchathing.Experiencedadj.有经验的AnexperienceteacherLifen.搭便车Give/offersomebodyalift/ride让某人搭便车，用车顺便送某人Asksomebodyforalife/ride请求搭某人的便车Thumb/hitchalift/ride搭某人的便车Hitchhikev.搭便车IhitchhikedtoTianjinduringmysummervacation.Reply/answer/respond辨析Iaskedhimaquestionbuthedidn`treply/answer/respond.Hedidn`treplytomyquestionAnswermyquestionRespondtomyquestion.ThereplytothequestionTheanswertothequestionTheresponsetothequestion过去完成时使用条件：表示动作发生在过去某时之前，即一定强调“过去的过去”过去完成时的构成肯定句S.+had+done否定句S.+hadnot/hadn`t+done疑问句Had+S.+doneIn/on/tothesouthof…表示地理方位：In在内部On接壤To不接壤Shanghaiisinthesouthofchina.Vietnamisonthesouthofchina.Indonesiaistothesouthofchina.Waveto/at(远：to近：at)向……挥手Shout/yell几个接连发生的动作用and或but连接时多用一般过去时Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandsatdownatthetable.Iaskedhimaquestionbuthedidn`tanswer.Assoonasconj.刚一……就……引导时间状语从句，位于主句前后均可，当主句用一般过去时时，从句中用一般过去时（更常见）或过去完成时均可。跟在连词之后的是从句Themoment/minute=assoonas=immediatelyGetinto/outof上、下小汽车Geton/off上、下公车TheytalkedinEnglish/French/Chinese/Spanish…Pleasewriteitinpencil/ink.Hepaidincash/dollars.Hepaidbycheque(check)/creditcard.Apartfrom/asidefrom…除了1除了……之外还有……=beside/inadditionto…HecanspeakEnglishapartfrom/besides/inadditiontoChinese.2除了……，不包括……=except/exceptfor…Weallwentthereapartfrom/exceptjohnExcept/exceptfor1在句首时用exceptfor.Exceptforme,everyonewaslate.2在句子中时，前后若同类用except,前后不同类用exceptfor.IgotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.YourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomewrongwordsThisdressisbeautifulexceptforthebuttons.Neitherof…两个都不……Noneof…三个以上都不……Bothof…两个都……Allof…三个以上都……Eitherof…两个中任何一个……Eachof…三个以上中任何一个……When引导的句子，若主句用过去完成时态或过去进行时态，则把when翻译为：“这时”，为了强调从句中的动作。Learn(of/about)something.获悉、得知Lesson15直接引语与间接引语直接引语间接引语都是宾语。直接引语即一字不差地引用别人的话，需放在引号（单引号）内；间接引语则是用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号。直接引语变间接引语时须注意人称和时态的变化：人称的变化：按照中文作相应的改变。时态的变化：1若当即转述别人的话，动词（如say、tell等）用一般现在时，则直接引语中的时态不用作任何改变。2若过了一段时间在转述别人的话，动词用一般过去时态（said，told等），则时态需作如下变化：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时情态动词对应的过去式宾语从句的时态需和主句保持一致：1若主句用现在时态，则从句可用任何时态；2若主句用过去时态，则从句必须用过去的某种时态（客观真理除外）。SaysomethingSaytosomebodySaysomethingtosomebodySay(that)…TellsomebodysomethingParkvi.停放（汽车）Don`tparkyourcarhere.WherecanIpark?

NoparkingNosmoking/nospitting/nofishing/nocamping…Parkn.公园=publicgarden2carpark(停车场)Trafficn.交通；路上的车辆（u）Thereisalotoftrafficontheroad.Thetrafficisveryheavyduringtherushhour.Trafficlight/rules/accident/jam/policeman…Signn.1指示牌Street/roadsignsAno-smokingsign2属相、星座属相：animalsign星座：starsignSignature签名Signfor签收Signupfor报名参见……课程Remindern.提醒（C）Thisnoteisonlyareminder.Remindvt.提醒，使想起Remindsomebodytodo…提醒某人做……Pleaseremindmetocallmymomthisafternoon.Remindsomebodyof….使某人想起……Youremindmeofoneofmyclassmates.Rubsomebodyof….抢某人的…………Warnsomebodyof…警告某人……Informsomebodyof….通知某人……Convincesomebodyof…说服某人……Failtodo…1忘记，疏忽做某事Ifailedtowashthedishes.2没能做成某事Theletterfailedtoarrive.Thedoctorfiledtosavetheboy`slife.Failvt./vi.失利、考试不及格Hefailedtheexam.Hefailedintheexam.Failsomebody令……失望=letsomebodydownHefailedhisparentsbecausehefailedtheexam.条件状语从句If引导的田间状语从句1真实条件句2非真实条件句（即虚拟语气）If引导的真实条件句的结构If从句主句现在时态（一般现在，现在进行，现在完成）一般将来时或情态动词或祈使句切忌：if从句不能用将来时态。口诀：主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现Ifyoumove,Iwillshootyou.Ifheissleeping,don`twakehim.Ifyouhavefinishedthehousework,youcanseethemovie.状语从句都可以放在主句前、主句后。Ifyoumarryme,Iwillmakeyouhappy.Ifitdoesnotraintomorrowraintomorrow,wecanclimbtheFragrantHills.没有单数：PolicepeoplecattleLetsomebodydo让某人做某事Makesomebodydo使、强迫某人做某事Enjoyone`sstay在……过得愉快（尤其指对外国人、外地人）EnjoyyourstayinBeijing.Payattentionto…Takenoticeof…Cannotcan`tcannotFailtodo没能……Cannotfailtodo一定能、会……Neverfailtodo总是能、总会……Catsneverfailtofascinatehumanbeings.WheneverIamintrouble,myfriendneverfailstohelpme.May,might,could,must均可表示推测；Must语气最强，翻译为：一定，否定需要用can`tMay/might/could/must若表示对过去的推测，后用完成形式。即：musthavedoneYoumusthavebeenillyesterday.Shouldhavedone本来该做，其实没有做以下情况一般现在时态里have之后可以加got：1拥有2生病3havetoLesson20Catchv.抓住caughtcaughtTheearlybirdcatchestheworm.Catchfire着火Catchabus赶公车Catchacold得感冒Catchsightof……看见……Catchsomebody`seye吸引某人的目光Thatfancycarreallycaughtmyeye.Catchupwith…赶上……Yougofirst.I`llcatchup(withyou).Becaughtin…赶上（坏天气，塞车等）。Iwascaughtinastorm/trafficjamthismorning.Wasten.浪费Hastemakeswaste欲速则不达It`sawasteof……这是浪费Itisawasteoftime/money/effort/breath…这是浪费时间、金钱、经历、唇舌Wastesomethingon…把……浪费在……Don`twasteyourmoneyonthatjunk.Somethingiswastedonsomebody某人不珍惜某物Youthiswastedontheyoung年轻人虚掷了青春Wasteadj.废弃的WastepaperWastepaperbasketRealizevt.1意识到，明白……Hehasn`trealizedhismistakeyet2实现=fulfil/fulfillRealizeone`sdream/hope…Lesson21现在分词作定语表示动作在进行；动名词作定语表示功能。Bottomsup!举杯Makeuseof利用Hemadethevestuseofhistalent.MusthavedoneMusthavebeendoneHome/house/familyOffersomebodysomethingOffersomethingtosomebodySomebodybeofferedsomethingSomethingbeofferedtosomebodyProbablymaybeperhaps句子中间句子开头句子开头Lesson22Dreamv.做梦，梦想（dreamed或dreamt）n.梦、梦想Ihaveadream.AlIhavetodoisdream.Dreamof/about…Dreamthat…Idreamedofbecomingabillionaire.IdreamedthatIbecomeabillionaire.Dreamadream做了一个梦只有用它本身做宾语时才及物。Idreamedasweetdreamlastnight.Dreamon做梦吧、不可能Dreamboat梦中情人Nightmaren.噩梦Haveanightmare切记：介词之后出现动词用动名词。Lesson25Railwayn.铁路=railroad(美国)火车站：RailwaystationrailroadstationtrainstationLightrailway(lightrail美国)轻轨Underground(subway美国)地铁Severaladj.几个，若干多指三个以上，但不是很多，只修饰可数名词。Hecanspeakseverallanguages.Pron.几个，若干个Severalofushaveseenthemovie.Anumberof类似several,只修饰可数名词Some修饰可数不可数均行Afew很少几个，相当于asmallnumberof只修饰可数Acoupleof一对，一双，两三个，只修饰可数。Wonderv.感到奇怪IwonderedWonderat/aboutIwonderedatseeinghimthere.v.想知道Iwaswonderingifyoucoulddomeafavor.n.奇迹TheSevenWondersoftheWorldWonderfuladj.奇迹般的，棒极了Onlythegooddieyoung好人不长命Prettyface,poorfate红颜薄命Eventually最终Ultimately最终表示原因：Becauseassincefor(不用于句首)(连词)Notonly…but…aswellNeither…nor…就近原则Either…or或者……或者……就近原则主谓一致1可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2oneof,each