高考英语二轮复习构词法课件

Word-buildingWord-building构词法构词法构词法综述

Word-building

许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有:

合成法(Composition)

转换法(Conversion)

派生法(Derivation)构词法综述Word-building合成法——综述一、合成法（Composition）把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起，这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性。合成法——综述一、合成法（Composition）1.合成名词名词+名词：postman,girlfriend,flowerbed,greenhouse形容词+名词：blackboard,supermarket名词+动词：daybreak,sunrise动词-ing+名词：

readingroom,washingmachine

Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.

(2017全国Ⅰ阅读)1.合成名词Thesolarstillwork

名词+动词-ing：handwriting,papermaking

动词+名词：pickpocket,workroom

动词+副词：breakup,get-together

其它形式：passer-by名词+动词-ing：handwriting,2.合成形容词形容词/数词+名词+ed：warm-hearted,名词+过去分词：home-made,hand-made名词+形容词：world-famous,ice-cool形容词/数词+名词：full-time,second-hand形容词+过去分词：newborn,short-sighted副词+过去分词：well-known,newly-built其它形式：face-to-face,evergreen2.合成形容词3.合成代词

代词宾格/物主代词+self/selves：herself,ourselves

某些不定代词some,any,every,no等+body/one/thing：anyone,nothing4.合成介词

介词+介词：throughout,within3.合成代词5.合成副词

副词+名词：indoors,overhead,upstairs

介词+名词：beforehand

名词+形容词：sky-high

副词+介词：nearby

其它形式：meanwhile6.合成动词

副词+动词：overwork,underline，overhear

名词+动词：moonwalk,sunbathe

形容词+动词：safeguardMaybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto‘overhear’thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged.(2017全国Ⅱ阅读)5.合成副词Maybethefirst转换法——综述二、转换法（conversion）

在词形不变的情况下，把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，而没有加任何词缀，这种构词方法称为转换法。例如：

dreamv.

做梦 →n.

梦

lookv.

看 →n.

相貌

backn.

后背 →v.

支持

airn.

空气 →v.

通风

bettera.

较好 →v.

改善转换法——综述二、转换法（conversion）

有些双音节的词转换后，重音要发生变化。通常名词重音在前，动词重音在后，有时读音也有不同，应予注意。例如:transportrecordimportconflictsurvey有些双音节的词转换后，重音要发生变化。通常名词重音在前，动转换法——名词转换成动词1.许多名词可转化成动词，意思也随着有些改变。如：chair（n.椅子→v.主持） hand（n.手→v.上交）land（n.土地→v.着陆） cook（n.厨师→v.烹调）order（n.命令→v.订购） name（n.名字→v.取名）lift（n.电梯→v.举起） picture（n.画→v.描绘）press（n.报刊→v.挤压） nurse（n.护士→v.照料）smoke（n.烟→v.吸烟） stand（n.看台→v.站）

转换法——名词转换成动词1.许多名词可转化成动词，意思也随转换法——动词转换成名词2.大量动词可转化为名词，有时意思没有太大改变。如：

try（v.尝试→n.尝试）read(v.阅读→n.阅读)swim（v.游泳→n.游泳）sigh(v.叹气→n.叹气）

cry(v.哭→n.哭)shout（v.呼喊→n.呼喊）

kiss(v.吻→n吻)guess(v.猜测→n猜测)

转换法——动词转换成名词2.大量动词可转化为名词，有时意思转换法——形容转换成动词3.形容词转化成动词。如：better（a.更好的→v.改善)calm（a.冷静的→v.使冷静）cool（a.凉快的→v.冷却）spare（a.空闲的→v.节省）own（a.自己的→v.拥有）close（a.亲密的→v.关闭）slow（a.慢的→v.减慢）last（a.最后的→v.持续）Iplacedthechick(雏鸟)inthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.(2017全国Ⅰ阅读)转换法——形容转换成动词3.形容词转化成动词。如：转换法——形容词转换成名词和副词4.形容词转化成名词。如：cold（a.冷的→n.感冒） back（a.后面的→n.背部）quiet(a.安静的→n.恬静)calm(a.平静的→n安静)5.形容词转化成副词。如：deep（a.深的→ad.深地）wide（a.宽的→ad.广泛地）hard（a.困难的→ad.努力地)well（a.健康的→ad.很好地）转换法——形容词转换成名词和副词4.形容词转化成名词。如：三、派生法(Derivation)

派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性,后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。派生法——综述三、派生法(Derivation)派生法——综述PrefixesPrefixesfore-先，前，预out-超出，在外over-过度，越under-在…下，低于ab-脱离，离去com-共同de-出，离，向inter-相互forecastforeheadoutsideoutputoverwork

undergroundabsentcompanydecreaseinterviewfore-先，前，预forecastforeheadin-,im-向内，入，非pre-先，前，超re-后退，再，又trans-跨越，转，传log-言语，推理press-压vis-看见geo-地球includepreviewreactrecalltransformapologypressurevisiblevisitorgeographyin-,im-向内，入，非includeauto-自己的，自动co-一起，共同multi-许多sub-在…下次要低于super-在…上，超过tele-远距离的automaticautobiographycooperatemulticulturalsubwaysupermarkettelevisionauto-自己的，自动automaticautobiogrmis-un-dis-in-,im-anti-non-il-ir-misunderstandmistakemisleadingunemploymentunluckydishonestdisappearinconvenientimpossibleantivirusnonprofitnonstopillegalirresponsibleirregular否定前缀mis-misunderstandmistakemiSuffixesSuffixes-dom地位，身份-hood状态，特征-ness性质-age行为，情况-ance,ancy,ence,ency行为，状态，性质-ice行为，状态freedomhappinessweaknessguidanceimportancechildhoodneighborhoodpracticeservicemarriageusageadvantage名词后缀-dom地位，身份freedomhappinesswe-ment行为，状态-ship…的状态，身份-tude情况，性质-ty行为，状态-ure情况，能力-ism学说，主义-ist实行者-ology…学paymentemploymentfriendshipownershipgratitudebeautysafetyfailure

mixturesocialismscientistbiologyecology名词后缀-ment行为，状态paymentemploymentf-sion-ion-ition-ssion-ation-er,or,ar-ee受…者conclusiontensioncompetitionrelationinvention

discussioninvitationhesitationpainteractorliar

employeeinterviewee名词后缀-sionconclusiontensioncompeti-en-ify…化-ize-iseshortendeepenstrengthenenlargepurifysimplifyqualifyidentifycriticizerealizepractise

动词后缀adj.woodengolden-enshortendeepenstrengthen-able,-ible-al-ant,-ent-ful-ic-ical-ish-ivecapablepossibleresponsiblepersonalglobaldifferentsignificantefficient

cheerfuldoubtfulpoeticromanticmedicalpracticalchildishSpanishselfishcreativeactive形容词后缀-able,-iblecapablepossibler-like如…的-less否定-ous-ious-ward(s)-ary-somedreamlikechildlikecarelesshopelessendlesspoisonous

cautiousvariouspreciousconsciouseastwardbackwardelementarysecondarytroublesomehandsome形容词后缀-like如…的dreamlikechildlikeca高考英语二轮复习构词法课件用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be________(care)nottogotoextremes.

（2017全国卷I）careful用括号内单词的正确形式填空。careful2.Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.

（2017全国卷II）3.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher_________(educate).（2017全国卷III）fairlyeducation2.Steamengineswereusedto4.Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61.________(attract).（2016新课标全国卷I）5.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof42.____________(achieve).（2016新课标全国卷II）attractionachievement4.Chengduhasdozensofnewm高考英语二轮复习构词法课件根据提示在空白处填入所缺单词的正确形式。

A1.Itwas________(cloud)thismorning,butitturnedoutfine.2.Themotherisnowfightingher________(addict)toasoapopera.3.Lily,a(n)_______________(二十岁的)singer,isquitepopularamongyoungpeople.cloudyaddictiontwenty-year-old根据提示在空白处填入所缺单词的正确形cloudyaddi4.Myfatherboughta(n)___________(二手的)carwhichwasstillingoodcondition.5.Thepriceofthecoatisquite________(reason).Wouldyouwrapitupforme,please?6.Nowonderhertestscoreshadimprovedalot.Shewasreally_____________(辛勤工作的)atschool.second-handreasonablehard-working4.Myfatherboughta(n)_____7.Johnhasexpandedhisbusiness.Thenumberof__________(employ)inhiscompanyhasdoubledoverthepastdecade.8.Hehadno_________(certain)ofsuccessbecausehehadn'tpreparedforthecompetition.employeescertainty7.JohnhasexpandedhisbusinBLessthan20milesfromSingapore'sskyscrapersisa(n)1._________(complete)differentsetofhigh-risetowers.Muchsmallerinsizebutwithabigambition—over1002._______________(九米高的)towersatSkyGreensverticalfarmofferanewvisionofurbansustainability(可持续).GreenvegetableslikeChinesecabbagearegrownin3.__________(温室),andsoldatcompletelynine-meter-tallgreenhousesBcompletelynine-meter-tallglocalsupermarkets.Thefarmwasbuiltin2009andnowthe4.________(full)operatingfarmhasbeensupplyingthecity'ssupermarketswith5.________(每周的)deliveriesofitsgreens.Thesmallamountofenergyandwaterneededtogrowthevegetables,aswellastheshortdistancetothe6.___________(consume),fullyweeklyconsumerslocalsupermarkets.Thefarmwmeansthatcarbondioxideemitted(排放)inproductionand7.___________________(transport)iskepttoaminimum.TheSkyGreensissupportedbytheSingaporean8._____________(政府).transport/transportationgovernmentmeansthatcarbondioxideemitCThroughouthistorymanhaschangedhis1.________(物理的)environmenttoimprovehiswayoflife.Withthetoolsoftechnologymanhaschangedmanyfeaturesoftheearth.Hehas2.____________________(转变)woodlandintofarmland.Hehasmodified(修改)thefaceoftheearthbycuttingthroughmountainstobuildroadsand3.___________(铁路).physicaltransformed/changedrailways/railroadsCphysicaltransformed/chaHowever,thesechangesintheenvironmenthavenotalwayshad4.__________(benefit)results.Today,5.________(pollute)oftheairandwaterisadangertothehealthoftheplanet.Eachdaythousandsoftonsofgasescomeoutofvehicles.Smokefromfactoriespollutestheairofindustrializedareasandthesurroundingcountryside.beneficialpollutionHowever,thesechangesintheTheairincitiesisbecomingincreasingly6.__________(health).Thepollutionofwateris7.________(equal)harmful.Intheseapollutionfromoiliskillingalotofseaplantsandfish.Itisnownecessaryformantolimitthe8.________(grow)oftechnologyinordertosurviveonearth.unhealthyequallygrowthTheairincitiesisbecomingThankyou!Thankyou!1.体会本课切中要害、深入浅出的说理特点,学习这篇文章的表达方式,品味本文的语言特点。找出文中典型的语句,归纳其特点,尝试从表达目的、听众的感受角度品评其表达效果。阅读时,还要注意思考,理解这篇文章的针对性和现实意义。2.只有懂得舍与得，才不会被利禄牵扯而过度奔波劳累；一个人只要能够自得其乐，即使有所失也不会为此不快乐；一个人只要拥有高深的道德修养，即使没有官位也能内心平静轻松。3.文本中不断提到“大自然”，在充满了诗情画意的大自然面前，在可爱温顺的小动物面前，素芭没有任何交流的障碍，她甚至能比常人更为轻易地表达自己。4.作者用了几乎两章的篇幅，把素芭放置到比社会环境温暖得多的自然环境中，在这里，素芭不仅是美好的，还有着无言的快乐。侧面的烘托让素芭的形象更为动人。5.反面的衬托同样是塑造素芭形象的一个手段。素芭身边的人们可以用话语交流，他们是一群极为普通的劳作者，包括帕勒达帕，可是他们对素芭的表现却显得极为冷漠和麻木。6.素芭在他们身上看不到关心，找不到温暖。在小说的第五章，父母打算用欺骗的手段把素芭嫁到加尔各答，而且“没有作任何安慰”。7.整个事件的过程中，素芭只有独自流泪伤心，得不到任何关心，唯一的所谓的好友帕勒达帕只是专心致志地钓鱼，丝毫没有离愁别绪，反倒是漫不经心地证实了这个噩耗，给了素芭更大的打击。8.诗人运用浪漫主义的表现手法，热情地赞颂了云雀在诗人的笔下，云雀是欢乐、光明、美丽的象征。作者运用比喻、对比等修辞手法，对云雀加以描绘。9.在中国特色社会主义新时代，只有坚持和加强党的全面领导，才能真正落实以人民为中心的发展思想，建设现代化经济体系，健全人民当家作主的制度体系，推动社会主义文化繁荣兴盛，保障和改善民生，加强和创新社会治理，加快生态文明体制改革，正确认识和应对复杂的国际局势1.体会本课切中要害、深入浅出的说理特点,学习这篇文章的表达Word-buildingWord-building构词法构词法构词法综述

Word-building

许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有:

合成法(Composition)

转换法(Conversion)

派生法(Derivation)构词法综述Word-building合成法——综述一、合成法（Composition）把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起，这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性。合成法——综述一、合成法（Composition）1.合成名词名词+名词：postman,girlfriend,flowerbed,greenhouse形容词+名词：blackboard,supermarket名词+动词：daybreak,sunrise动词-ing+名词：

readingroom,washingmachine

Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.

(2017全国Ⅰ阅读)1.合成名词Thesolarstillwork

名词+动词-ing：handwriting,papermaking

动词+名词：pickpocket,workroom

动词+副词：breakup,get-together

其它形式：passer-by名词+动词-ing：handwriting,2.合成形容词形容词/数词+名词+ed：warm-hearted,名词+过去分词：home-made,hand-made名词+形容词：world-famous,ice-cool形容词/数词+名词：full-time,second-hand形容词+过去分词：newborn,short-sighted副词+过去分词：well-known,newly-built其它形式：face-to-face,evergreen2.合成形容词3.合成代词

代词宾格/物主代词+self/selves：herself,ourselves

某些不定代词some,any,every,no等+body/one/thing：anyone,nothing4.合成介词

介词+介词：throughout,within3.合成代词5.合成副词

副词+名词：indoors,overhead,upstairs

介词+名词：beforehand

名词+形容词：sky-high

副词+介词：nearby

其它形式：meanwhile6.合成动词

副词+动词：overwork,underline，overhear

名词+动词：moonwalk,sunbathe

形容词+动词：safeguardMaybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto‘overhear’thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged.(2017全国Ⅱ阅读)5.合成副词Maybethefirst转换法——综述二、转换法（conversion）

在词形不变的情况下，把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，而没有加任何词缀，这种构词方法称为转换法。例如：

dreamv.

做梦 →n.

梦

lookv.

看 →n.

相貌

backn.

后背 →v.

支持

airn.

空气 →v.

通风

bettera.

较好 →v.

改善转换法——综述二、转换法（conversion）

有些双音节的词转换后，重音要发生变化。通常名词重音在前，动词重音在后，有时读音也有不同，应予注意。例如:transportrecordimportconflictsurvey有些双音节的词转换后，重音要发生变化。通常名词重音在前，动转换法——名词转换成动词1.许多名词可转化成动词，意思也随着有些改变。如：chair（n.椅子→v.主持） hand（n.手→v.上交）land（n.土地→v.着陆） cook（n.厨师→v.烹调）order（n.命令→v.订购） name（n.名字→v.取名）lift（n.电梯→v.举起） picture（n.画→v.描绘）press（n.报刊→v.挤压） nurse（n.护士→v.照料）smoke（n.烟→v.吸烟） stand（n.看台→v.站）

转换法——名词转换成动词1.许多名词可转化成动词，意思也随转换法——动词转换成名词2.大量动词可转化为名词，有时意思没有太大改变。如：

try（v.尝试→n.尝试）read(v.阅读→n.阅读)swim（v.游泳→n.游泳）sigh(v.叹气→n.叹气）

cry(v.哭→n.哭)shout（v.呼喊→n.呼喊）

kiss(v.吻→n吻)guess(v.猜测→n猜测)

转换法——动词转换成名词2.大量动词可转化为名词，有时意思转换法——形容转换成动词3.形容词转化成动词。如：better（a.更好的→v.改善)calm（a.冷静的→v.使冷静）cool（a.凉快的→v.冷却）spare（a.空闲的→v.节省）own（a.自己的→v.拥有）close（a.亲密的→v.关闭）slow（a.慢的→v.减慢）last（a.最后的→v.持续）Iplacedthechick(雏鸟)inthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.(2017全国Ⅰ阅读)转换法——形容转换成动词3.形容词转化成动词。如：转换法——形容词转换成名词和副词4.形容词转化成名词。如：cold（a.冷的→n.感冒） back（a.后面的→n.背部）quiet(a.安静的→n.恬静)calm(a.平静的→n安静)5.形容词转化成副词。如：deep（a.深的→ad.深地）wide（a.宽的→ad.广泛地）hard（a.困难的→ad.努力地)well（a.健康的→ad.很好地）转换法——形容词转换成名词和副词4.形容词转化成名词。如：三、派生法(Derivation)

派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性,后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。派生法——综述三、派生法(Derivation)派生法——综述PrefixesPrefixesfore-先，前，预out-超出，在外over-过度，越under-在…下，低于ab-脱离，离去com-共同de-出，离，向inter-相互forecastforeheadoutsideoutputoverwork

undergroundabsentcompanydecreaseinterviewfore-先，前，预forecastforeheadin-,im-向内，入，非pre-先，前，超re-后退，再，又trans-跨越，转，传log-言语，推理press-压vis-看见geo-地球includepreviewreactrecalltransformapologypressurevisiblevisitorgeographyin-,im-向内，入，非includeauto-自己的，自动co-一起，共同multi-许多sub-在…下次要低于super-在…上，超过tele-远距离的automaticautobiographycooperatemulticulturalsubwaysupermarkettelevisionauto-自己的，自动automaticautobiogrmis-un-dis-in-,im-anti-non-il-ir-misunderstandmistakemisleadingunemploymentunluckydishonestdisappearinconvenientimpossibleantivirusnonprofitnonstopillegalirresponsibleirregular否定前缀mis-misunderstandmistakemiSuffixesSuffixes-dom地位，身份-hood状态，特征-ness性质-age行为，情况-ance,ancy,ence,ency行为，状态，性质-ice行为，状态freedomhappinessweaknessguidanceimportancechildhoodneighborhoodpracticeservicemarriageusageadvantage名词后缀-dom地位，身份freedomhappinesswe-ment行为，状态-ship…的状态，身份-tude情况，性质-ty行为，状态-ure情况，能力-ism学说，主义-ist实行者-ology…学paymentemploymentfriendshipownershipgratitudebeautysafetyfailure

mixturesocialismscientistbiologyecology名词后缀-ment行为，状态paymentemploymentf-sion-ion-ition-ssion-ation-er,or,ar-ee受…者conclusiontensioncompetitionrelationinvention

discussioninvitationhesitationpainteractorliar

employeeinterviewee名词后缀-sionconclusiontensioncompeti-en-ify…化-ize-iseshortendeepenstrengthenenlargepurifysimplifyqualifyidentifycriticizerealizepractise

动词后缀adj.woodengolden-enshortendeepenstrengthen-able,-ible-al-ant,-ent-ful-ic-ical-ish-ivecapablepossibleresponsiblepersonalglobaldifferentsignificantefficient

cheerfuldoubtfulpoeticromanticmedicalpracticalchildishSpanishselfishcreativeactive形容词后缀-able,-iblecapablepossibler-like如…的-less否定-ous-ious-ward(s)-ary-somedreamlikechildlikecarelesshopelessendlesspoisonous

cautiousvariouspreciousconsciouseastwardbackwardelementarysecondarytroublesomehandsome形容词后缀-like如…的dreamlikechildlikeca高考英语二轮复习构词法课件用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be________(care)nottogotoextremes.

（2017全国卷I）careful用括号内单词的正确形式填空。careful2.Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.

（2017全国卷II）3.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher_________(educate).（2017全国卷III）fairlyeducation2.Steamengineswereusedto4.Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61.________(attract).（2016新课标全国卷I）5.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof42.____________(achieve).（2016新课标全国卷II）attractionachievement4.Chengduhasdozensofnewm高考英语二轮复习构词法课件根据提示在空白处填入所缺单词的正确形式。

A1.Itwas________(cloud)thismorning,butitturnedoutfine.2.Themotherisnowfightingher________(addict)toasoapopera.3.Lily,a(n)_______________(二十岁的)singer,isquitepopularamongyoungpeople.cloudyaddictiontwenty-year-old根据提示在空白处填入所缺单词的正确形cloudyaddi4.Myfatherboughta(n)___________(二手的)carwhichwasstillingoodcondition.5.Thepriceofthecoatisquite________(reason).Wouldyouwrapitupforme,please?6.Nowonderhertestscoreshadimprovedalot.Shewasreally_____________(辛勤工作的)atschool.second-handreasonablehard-working4.Myfatherboughta(n)_____7.Johnhasexpandedhisbusiness.Thenumberof__________(employ)inhiscompanyhasdoubledoverthepastdecade.8.Hehadno_________(certain)ofsuccessbecausehehadn'tpreparedforthecompetition.employeescertainty7.JohnhasexpandedhisbusinBLessthan20milesfromSingapore'sskyscrapersisa(n)1._________(complete)differentsetofhigh-risetowers.Muchsmallerinsizebutwithabigambition—over1002._______________(九米高的)towersatSkyGreensverticalfarmofferanewvisionofurbansustainability(可持续).GreenvegetableslikeChinesecabbagearegrownin3.__________(温室),andsoldatcompletelynine-meter-tallgreenhousesBcompletelynine-meter-tallglocalsupermarkets.Thefarmwasbuiltin2009andnowthe4.________(full)operatingfarmhasbeensupplyingthecity'ssupermarketswith5.________(每周的)deliveriesofitsgreens.Thesmallamountofenergyandwaterneededtogrowthevegetables,aswellastheshortdistancetothe6.___________(consume),fullyweeklyconsumerslocalsupermarkets.Thefarmwmeansthatcarbondioxideemitted(