轮机英语会话评估口述题参考答案翻译

轮机英语会话评估口述参考答案第一章公共英语1.Theengineroom.Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternneartheshipbottom.Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainengine,thegeneratorengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Themainengine,alsocalledthemainpropulsionplant，isthelargestandmostimportantone.Themodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceremainingunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS.1机舱机舱是船的心脏。它通常位于船底尾部。在机舱，有很多机械和系统，例如主机，发电机，锅炉，泵，制冷系统和空调系统。主机也叫做主推进装置，是最大和最重要的一个。控制系统的最新的进步导致机舱长时间没有人。那就是无人机舱。2.Theenginedepartment.Therearefiveengineersandfourmotormenintheenginedepartmentonboardmyship.Weusuallydosomemaintenanceandrepairworktokeeptheshipingoodorder.Wealsodosomeworktokeeptheengineroomtidyandclean,suchassweepingthefloor,removetheoilspilled,markingthepipesandvalveswithspecialcolor,etc.Workingonboardshipisnotaneasyjob,sopeoplehavetocooperatewell.Intheenginedepartmentwegetwellalongwitheachother.Wearestandingtogetherregardlessofsituation.2轮机部在我们的船上有五个轮机员和四个机工。我们通常在一些保养和修理工作去保持船正常。我们也做一些工作去保持机舱整洁和干净，例如打扫地面，去除溢油，用特别的颜色标记管路和阀。3.Self-introductionMynameisYanli.Iwasbornin1980inDalian.IamunmarriedbutIhaveabeautifulgirlfriend.Iamstudyinginhuayangmarineschoolin2008inengineeringmanagement.Ihavebeenworkingonboardasamotormanforabout5years.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily:myfathermymotherandI.Ilikeplaybasketballandreadsomebooks.Ilovemyfamilyandmywork.That’sall,Thanks.3自我介绍我的名字是严厉。我在1980年出生在大连。我未婚但有一个漂亮的女朋友。我在2008年在华洋水运学校轮机专业学习。我作为一个机工在船上工作了五年。我家有三口人：我父亲，母亲和我。我喜欢打篮球和读书。我爱我的家庭和工作。谢谢4.YourdailyworkonboardAstheengineerofficerinchargeofwatch,mydailyworkonboardisasfollows:Ishallensurethatthemainpropulsionplant,auxiliarymachineryandsteeringgearareingoodorder.Thecurrentoperationalparametersofallmachineryshouldbeobserved,suchastheexhaustgasestemperatureofmainengine,thecylinderjacketoutletcoolingwatertemperatureandpressureetc.Duringwatch,thebridgeordersmustbecarriedoutrightnow.Anyabnormalparametersinrelationtotheequipmentshouldbepaidattention.4你在船上的日常工作作为一个值班的轮机员，我的日常工作如下：我将确保主推进装置，辅机和舵机正常。所有机器当前的运行参数应当被观察，例如主机的排气温度，缸套出口的冷却水和压力等等。在值班期间，必须立刻执行驾驶台的命令。应当注意关于设备的任何异常的参数。5.Watch-keepingintheengineroomWhenashipisatsea,eachengineershouldkeepaduty-watchfor4hours.Duringhisdutywatch,theengineermakessometourinspectionoftheengineroomandputdownallthefiguresintotheengineroomlogbook.Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.Duringwatch,thebridgeordersmustbecarriedoutrightnow.Whenhiswatchisfinished,heshouldtelltherelievingofficerthepresentconditionoftheengineroombeforehandingoverthewatch.5在机舱值班当船在海上的时候，每个轮机员应当值班四小时。在他值班期间，轮机员要做一些机舱的巡视并记录所有的数据到机舱日志中。他也必须确保一切正常。在值班期间，必须立刻执行驾驶台的命令。当他完成值班，他应当在交班之前告诉接班人员机舱目前的状况。6.Couldyouintroduceyourself?Mynameis…….IgraduatedfromDalianMaritimeUniversityin1988withabachelor’sdegreeinmarineengineering.6你能介绍一下你自己么？我是——————。我在1988年毕业于大连海事大学轮机专业第二章机舱日常事务1.Pleasedescribethedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.(SeeFig.2-1andFig.2-2)Themaindifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengineinclude:1)the2combustionmediumofadieselengineisdieseloilorfueloil,whilethatforagasolineengineisgasoil.2)Thedieselengineisignitedthroughcompressionofhot,highpressureoilandairmixture,butthegasolineengineisignitedbyelectricalsparkplug.3)Fordieselengine,theairandoilismixedinsidethecylinder,whileforgasolineengine,theyaremixedoutsidethecylinder.1请描述一下柴油机和汽油机的区别柴油机和汽油机的主要区别包括1）柴油机的燃烧介质是柴油或者燃油,然而汽油机的燃烧介质是汽油。2）柴油机依靠高温高压的油气混合物的压缩点燃，但是汽油机依靠电火花塞点燃。3）对于柴油机，空气和油在汽缸混合，然而汽油机，他们在汽缸外混合。2.XiaoWangisacadetoftheenginedepartment,whojustgraduatedfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducealltheengineroomtohim?First,Iwilltellthecadettheimportancetheengineroom.Second,Ishouldintroducethevariousmachineryandsystemsintheengineroom,suchasthemainengine,thegeneratorengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Third,Iwillshowhimhowtooperatethevariousequipmentanddevicessafely,andintroduceasmuchsafetyknowledgeasIcan.2小王是轮机部的实习生，毕业于上海海事大学。你如何给他介绍一下机舱。首先，我将告诉实习生机舱的重要性。第二，我将介绍一下机舱的各种机器和系统，例如主机，柴油发电机，锅炉，泵，制冷系统和空调系统。第三，我将展示给他如何安全运行各种设备和装置，并尽可能多的向他介绍一下安全知识。3.XiaoZhangisathree-yearstudentmajoringinmarineengineeringfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducetheequipmentandmachineryintheengineroomtohim?Therearemanymachinesanddevicesintheengineroom.Theyarethemainengine,generators,aircompressors,oilseparators,boilers,pumps,allkindofcoolers,valvesandsoon.Themainengineisthelargestandmostimportantmachine.Itistheship’spowersource.Ourmainengineisaslow-speed,two–stroke,crossheadtypemarinedieselengine.Itconsistsofcylinderhead,frame,bedplateandmovingparts,etc.ThetypeisMAN-B&W6550MCwithacapacityof9550Kwat115rpm.Theprimemoverofthegeneratorsis6-cylinder,medium-speed,4-stroke,trunkpistontypemarinedieselengine.3小王是上海海事大学轮机专业三年级的学生，你如何给他介绍机舱的设备和机器？3在机舱有很多的机器和设备。他们是主机，发电机，空压机，分油机，锅炉，泵，各种冷却器，阀等等。主机是最大，最重要的机器。它是船舶的动力来源。我们的主机是一台低速，二冲程，十字头类型的船用柴油机。它包括汽缸盖，机架，机座和运动部件。这个类型的是在115rpm时9550kw的输出量的MAN-B&W6550MC。发电机的原动机是6缸，中速，四冲程，筒形活塞船用柴油机。4.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-3)Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsystemincludevariousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock,intermediatebearingsandthestern-tubebearing.Thepropellerconsistsofabosswithseveralblades.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoship’sstructure.4看实图并说一下柴油机和轴系的配置柴油机的动力是通过传递系统传递给螺旋桨。传递系统的项包括各种轴，例如推力轴，一个或多个中间轴和尾轴。这些轴被推力块，中间轴承和尾轴承支撑。螺旋桨包括带有几个叶片的浆榖。推力沿轴传递给推力块并最终传递给船体。5.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingabouttheprobabilityofdisposalofmedium-speedandhigh-speeddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-4)Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedsfourenginesrunning.Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itneedstwoenginesrunning.Whentheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequirement.Thatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleenginesorfourenginesaccordingtotheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginesrunningwhileitapproachesthewharf,ithastwoenginesrunning.5看实图，说说中速机和高速机布置的可能性。当船在全速航行时，它需要四台机运行。当船在半速航行的时候，它需要两台发动机运行，当船以全速的30%运行的时候，一台发动机足够满足动力要求。也就是，船能根据负荷条件来运行一台发动机，两台发动机或四台发动机。通常，当船在全速航行的时候，它有四台发动机运行，当它接近港口的时候，它有两台发动机运行。6.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstructureofthemainengine.(SeeFig.2-5)Thestructureofthemainengineisasfollows:theconstructionmainlyincludesbedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.The4crankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirdersofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframesthereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesandcylinderblocksaresecuredtogetherbylongtie-rods.Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.6看实图，介绍一下主机的结构主机的结构如下：结构包括机座，机架，汽缸，活塞，连杆，主轴承和曲轴。曲轴安放在嵌入在机座横梁的主轴承上。在A字形机架的顶部有一个扫气箱。机座，机架和汽缸套被一个长连杆固定。一个活塞包括下部的活塞裙和上部的活塞头。7.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstressstatusofthemovingparts.(SeeFig.2-6)Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcriticalpartsoftheengine.Accordingtothespecificconditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsionforces.7看实图，说说运动部件的压力状况实图显示的运动部件包括活塞，连杆和曲轴。有发动机的所有关键部件。根据如图显示的特定条件下，活塞正承受压缩力，连杆承受拉力和压缩力，然而曲轴正承受扭力。8.Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypeofpistonheadshapeindieselengine.(SeeFig.2-7)Pistonscanbedividedintotwomainclasses:thecrossheadtypepistonsandthetrunktypepistons.Thetopsurfaceofthecrossheadpistoncanbeflat,sunkenorconvex.Thepistonshownintheillustrationisthecrossheadtypepistonwithasunkensurface.Ithastheadvantageofincreasingtheairturbulenceandimprovingtheoilandairmixingquality.Itsdisadvantageisthatthecylindervolumetricclearancewillbelarger.8看实图，说说柴油机的活塞头的形状活塞能分成两种：十字头型活塞和筒状活塞。十字头活塞的顶部表面可能是平的，凹的或凸的。如图所示的活塞是凹面的十字头活塞。它有提高空气紊流和提高油和空气混合质量的优点。它的缺点是汽缸容积间隙将会变大。9.Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypesofpistonring.(SeeFig.2-8)Thepistonringsshownintheillustrationhastheshapeofrectangleortrapezoid.Someofthemareroundedontheexternaltoporbottomedges.Amongthesepistonrings,No.1andNo.2aresealingrings;No.3andNo.4arescraperrings,whiletheNo.5isadistributorring.Generally,eachpistonisprovidedwithfiveorsixpistonrings.9看实图，说说活塞环的类型。如图所示的活塞环有矩形或梯形的。它们中有一些在外援顶部或底部边缘成倒角。在这些活塞环中，1，2是密封环，3，4是刮油环，5是布油环。通常，每一个活塞带有五个或六个活塞环10.Pleasedescribethelubricatingmodeofmainengine.Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsof5lubrication:atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderlinerwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevariousmovingpartsenablestheformationofanoilfilmwhichreducesfrictionandwear.10请描述主机的润滑模式大型船用十字头类型的船用柴油机通常有两种润滑系统：一种是润滑汽缸的全消耗系统和润滑运动部件和冷却活塞的循环系统。油依靠机械注油器被供应到汽缸壁和活塞环。到达各运动部件的滑油能形成减少摩擦和磨损的油膜。11.Talkabouttheworkingprincipleofpurifieraccordingtothepicturegiven.(SeeFig.2-9)Itisusedtoremovewaterandimpuritiesfromfueloilandlubeoil.Thepurifierisveryimportantmachine.Itcontainsofanelectricmotor.Theelecticmotorcandriveaverticalshaft.Thebowlassemblyismountedonthetopoftheverticalshaft.Thehigh-speedrotationofthepurifiercanproducehugecentrifugalforce.Withtheactionofcentrifugalforce,thecleanoilflowinwardsandthewaterandimpuritiesflowoutwardsandthewater.Sothewholeprocesscouldbecontinuous.11根据实图，说一下分水机的工作原理。它用于从燃油和滑油中去除水和杂质。分水机是非常重要的机器。它包括电动机，电动机驱动一个立式轴。分离桶组件安装在立式轴顶部。分水机的高速旋转能产生巨大的离心力。通过离心力，净化的油向里流，水和杂质向外流。所以整个过程能够连续起来。12.Talkabouttheworkingprincipleofoilywaterseparatoraccordingtothepicturegiven.(SeeFig.2-10)Oilywaterseparatorsareusedtoseparateoilfrombilgewaterbeforethelatterispumpedoverboard.Theoilywaterseparatorworksontheprincipleofcoalescingsmalloildropletsinthewatertoformlargeroildrops.Whentheoildropsbecomelargeenough,thelowerdensityoildropsfloatsupandcollectsatthetopofthevessel.Theoillayerispumpedintoanoilybilgetankwhichcanbepumpedoutatanoilcollectingfacilitywhentheshiparrivesataport.12通过试图，谈一下油水分离器的工作原理油水分离器用于在舱底水排放到船外之前，从其里面分离油。油水分离器根据收集在水中小的油滴去构成较大的油滴的原理工作。当油滴变得足够大的时候，低密度的油滴浮上来并在容器的顶部被收集。油层被泵入含油的舱底水舱，当船到达港口时，通过集油设备被泵出。13.Talkabouttheanti-pollutionequipmentonboardship.Therearesomeanti-pollutionequipmentonboardship.Theyareoilywaterseparator,incineratorandsewagetreatmentsystem.Oilywaterseparatorareusedtoensurethatshipdonotdischargeoilwhenpumpingoutbilgewateroroilywater.Theincineratorisusedtotreattheoilsludgeandsolidwaste.Sewagetreatmentplantsareusedtotreatthesewagewaterthe6wholeshipproduced.Alltheseequipmentperformtheirdutiestopreventpollutionsfromshiptothesea.Andwemusttakegreatcareaboutthemtomeetthelowestlegislativerequirements.13谈一下船上的防污设备在船上有很多防污设备。它们是油水分离器，焚化炉和污水处理装置。油水分离器用于确保船在泵出舱底水或油污水时不排放出油。焚化炉用于处理油渣和固体废弃物。一些处理装置用于处理整艘船的污水。所有的这些设备执行他们的职责防止来自于船的污染进入大海。我们必须注意满足最低的法律要求。14.Talkabouttheoperationofballastsystem.Theballastsystemisarrangedtodrawwaterfromanytankortheseaanddischargeittoanyothertankorthesea.Itisusedtoballastortrimthevessel.Whentransferringballastwaterfromonetanktoanother,wemustpaymuchattention.Opentherelatedvalvescorrectly.Closeothervalvesstartthepump.Otherwisewecouldnotpumpthewater.Thelastbutisimportant,wemustaskforthepermissionfromtheportauthoritiesbeforedischargeballastwaterorwe’llbefined.14谈一下压载系统地运行压载系统用于排放任何柜中的水以及排放水到任何的柜中和大海中。它用于压载或平衡船。当驳运水从一个柜到另一柜时，我们必须注意。正确打开相关的阀。关闭其他的阀，起动泵。否则我们不能泵送水。最后也是最重要，我们在排放水前必须得到港务局的允许，否则我们将被罚款。15.Talkabouttheoperationofthebilgesystem..Theoperationofthebilgesystemisanimportantdailywork,whichneedsgreatcarefulness.Whenitisneeded,thefollowingproceduremustbestrictlyobserved:dischargethebilgetanksonebyone;openandclosetherelevantvalves;stoppumpingoutwhenthebilgetankisnearlyempty;payattentiontothefiltersandmud-boxestoensurenologging;thedischargemustmeettherelativelegislativerequirement;theoperationmustberecordedandreportedtoC/E.Thedutyengineershoulddischargethebilgeswaterbeforehandingoverawatch.Andreliefengineershouldcheckthebilgelevelwhentakingoverawatch.15谈一下压载系统的运行压载系统的运行是一项重要的日常工作，需要非常小心。当需要时，一下程序必须被严格执行。一个接一个的排放压载舱。打开和关闭相关的阀。当压载舱快放空的时候停止泵送。注意确保细滤器和泥箱不被堵塞。排放必须满足相关的法律要求。记录操作，并向轮机长报告。值班轮机员在交班之前必须排放舱底水。当接班轮机员在接班时必须检查舱底水位。第三章驾机联系1.Communicationswithofficers.Inordertoensurethesafenavigationoftheship,frequentcommunicationbetweentheengineersandofficersisnecessary.Theusualmeansofcommunicationisbytelephoneandtelegraph.Ifthecommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridgefails,theshipwill7beendangered.Therecordsofcommunicationshouldbemaintainedwhichwillprovideevidenceintheeventofanaccidentatsea.Noonreportisalsoagoodmeansofcommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridge.1与驾驶员的联系为了确保船的安全航行，轮机员和驾驶员之间密切的联系通是必须的。通常的通信工具是电话和电报。如果机舱和驾驶台之间的联系的失败，船将会很危险。记录联系记录——万一航行中发生事故，可以提供证据。中午报告也是机舱和驾驶台之间良好的联系方式。2.Noonreport.（两份答案参选）Duringsailing,C/Ewouldreadthelogbookcarefullyeverynoon.Accordingtotheparametersinlogbook,hewouldfilluptheengineroomnoonreport.Theparameterscontainpressure,temperatures.Oilconsumed,andsoon.Anothernoonreportwouldbemadebythedeckdepartment.Thesetworeportsshouldbeexchangedbetweentwodepartmentsatnoontime.2中午报告航行中，轮机长每天必须仔细阅读机舱日志。根据机舱日志的参数，他将会填写机舱中午报告。这些参数包括压力，温度，耗油量等等。甲板部将会制作另一份中午报告。在中午的时候两个部门将会交换两份报告。Noonreportisoneofitemswhichmustberecordedeveryday.Itisatable.Recorddailyperformancedataandworkinghoursofthemainengineandauxiliaryengines.Someofthedataofmainenginerunning.Shipandvoyagearetoberecorded,suchasthetotalrevolutionsandoveragerpmofmainengine.Atnoonthespeedoftheship,thedistanceoftheshiphasmadeandthedistancestillremainstothenextportofcallandofcoursetheETAwhichcanbewithoutaccordingtothepresentspeedandsituations.3.Takeoverwatch.Thetakingoverengineershouldarriveattheengineroom15minutesbeforehiswatch.Thencheckaroundtheengineroomandsteeringgearroomtoensurealltherunningequipmentsareingoodorder.Thefollowingparametersmustbeincorrectvalue:M/Eexhaustgastemperature,M/Elubeoilsumptanklevel.Pressureandtemperatureoflubeoilandcoolingwatersystem,andsoon.Heshouldalsocheckallthelevelsandconditionsofallthetanksandanyspecialrequirementforuseordisposalofthecontentsandsoon.3接班接班轮机员应在15分钟内到达机舱，对机舱和舵机间进行检查，以确保所有设备处于良好的运行状态。下面的参数必须在正确的数值：主机的废气温度，男/E的润滑油集水缸水平。润滑油、冷却水系统的压力和温度。他还应该检查所有柜的液位和状态及任何使用或处理舱中液体的特殊要求。4.Handoverwatch.Whenfinishingwatch,eachmemberondutyshouldhandovertohisrelief,hemustensurethatthereliefisabletotakeoverandcarryouthisduties.Beforehandingoverthewatch,theengineerinchargeofthewatchshallensurethatalleventsrelatedtothemainandauxiliary8machineryaresuitablyrecorded.Heshouldtelltherelievingengineerthestandingorders,specialinstructionsandunfinishedwork,ifany.Ifhehasanyreasontobelievethattherelievingengineerisnotcapableofcarryingoutthewatchkeepingdutieseffectively,heshallnothandoverthewatchandthechiefengineershallbenotified.4交班当完成值班时，每一个值班人员应当交接给接班人员，他必须确保能够接班并执行他的职责。在交班之前，负责值班的轮机员应当确保记录了关于主辅机的所有相关事件。他应当告诉接班轮机员常规命令，特别说明和未完成的工作。如果他有任何的理由相信接班人员不能有效的执行值班职责，他将不会交班并通知轮机长。5.Standbyenginebeforedeparture.Afterthisorderisgivenfrombridge,thefollowingworkshouldbedoneonebyone:Checkmainenginetelegraphandship’sclockTestthesteeringgearoperationStartanothergeneratorandputinuseStartallnecessarypumpsPutonturninggearandletitrunabouthalfhourDrainwaterfromairreceiver5离开前备车驾驶台发出指令后，做一下的工作检查主机车钟和船上的表测试舵机的运行启动另一个发电机并投入使用启动所有必要的泵啮合盘车机并使其运行约半小时泄放空气瓶的水6.Standbyengineaftersailing.1)Whendoyoubeginstandingbyengine?2)Howdoyoustandbyengine?Beforearrivingatsomewheresomethingmustbedoneinadvance:theC/Emustbeintheenginecontrolroom.Thedutyengineermustpreparethefuelchangingoverfromheavyfueltodieseloilthestartingairbottlesmustbepumpeduptotheirmaximumallowablepressure.Theoilywaterseparatorandfreshwatergeneratoraretobestopped.Startanotheralternatorforsufficientpowersupplysomecontrolmodesmustbechangedtomanualonesandsoon.6航行后备车在到达某地之前，一些事情须提前被做：老轨必须在集控室。值班轮机员必须准备换油，启动空气瓶须泵至最大可允许的压力。油水分离器和造水机要停止运行。再启动一台发电机用于提供足够电力。一些控制模式必须换到手动，等等。7.Measurestobetakenbydutyengineersatroughsea.filtersshouldbecleanedintime.Allmovingpartsmustbetightened.M/Esystemparametersshouldbekeptincorrectvalue,suchastheexhaustgastemperature,lubeoiltemperatureandpressure,coolingwatertemperatureandpressureandsoon.7在波涛汹涌的海上，值班轮机员采取的措施在波涛汹涌的海上，主机转速应该降到一个安全值。燃油滤器和滑油滤器应该及时清洗。所有运动部件必须拧紧。主机系统参数应该保持在正确值，比如排气温度，滑油温度和压力，冷却水温度和压力，等等。8.Actiontobetakenafter“Finishwithengine”.Afterthisorderisgiven,thefollowingworkshouldbecarriedout:Ensurethetelegraphatstopposition.Shutthestartingairvalves.OpenM/Eindicatorvalves.Putinturninggear,andletitrunabouthalfanhour.StopM/Elubeoilpump20minuteslater.8完车后采取的措施在完车令发出后，应该做以下工作：确保车钟在停车位关闭启动空气阀打开主机示功阀啮合盘车机，使其运行约半小时二十分钟后停主机滑油泵9.Talkaboutthesteeringgeartesting.Asweknow,everytimebeforesailing,steeringgearmustbetested.Afterthefeedoilpumpisstarted.ThedutyofficerfrombridgeoperatesthesteeringgearatdifferentdegreesEachtime,thedutyengineercanreadoutthedegreefromsteeringgearroom,andthedegreeshouldhavenodifferencewithbridgedegree.就如我们所知的一样，在每次航行前，必须试舵。在启动给油泵后，驾驶台的值班驾驶员以不同的度数来操舵。每次值班轮机员要从舵机室读出度数，度数应与驾驶台的没有任何差别。9谈一下舵机测试10.Actionstobetakeninthecaseofthetrialofmainengine.Beforethetrialofmainengine,thedutyengineershouldcorrecttheclockandtelegraphwiththedutyofficeronbridgeanddothefollowings:a.Keeptheoilsandwater’stemperatureandpressureataworkingvalueb.Putintheturninggear,givethemainengineatleastonecompleteruntoensurethatthere’snowaterflowsfromtheindicatorcock,everymovingpartsmovefreely,andatthesametime,handoperatethecylinderlubricators,thentakeouttheturninggear.c.Openorclosetherelativevalvesd.Pumpupthestartingairreservoirstotheirmaxpressuree.Checkallhand-oilandgrease-lubricatedbearingstoensuretheirlubricantiscorrect.10f.CheckthereversingandcontrolgearAsallthesehavebeendone,hecanstartthemainengineonairbrieflyonbothdirections,andthengiveitabrieftrialonpoweraheadandastern.Atlast,thedutyengineershouldring―stand–by‖ontheenginetelegraph.10万一主机试车时，采取的行动在试车前，值班轮机员和值班驾驶员应核对时间和车钟，并且做一下工作：a.保持油温，水温和压力在工作时的数值b.啮合盘车机，让其至少转完整的一转来确保没有水从示功阀流出。每个运动部件要运动自如，同时手动操作气缸注油器，然后脱开盘车机。C．打开或关闭相关阀d.启动空气瓶泵至最大压力e.检查所有手动注油和油脂润滑承来确保润滑剂正确f.检查换向和控制装置当所有这些完成。正车和倒车来启动主机，并且做简单的试车，最后值班轮机员应在车钟上发出备车令11.TalkaboutEngineRoomOrdersAnyengineordergivenshouldberepeatedbythepersonoperatingthebridgetelegraphandtheengineeronwatchshouldensuretheorderiscarriedoutcorrectlyandimmediately.Theengineordersinclude:Standbyengines;Finishedwithengines;Stopengine;Fullahead;halfahead;slowahead;deadslowahead;Fullastern;Halfastern;Slowastern;Deadslowastern;Emergencyfullahead;Emergencyfullastern.Wherebowthrustersareused,thefollowingordersareused:Bowthrusterfull/halftoportside;Bowthrusterfull/halftostarboardside;Stemthrusterfull/halftoportside;Stemthrusterfull/halftostarboardside;Bow/stemthrusterstop.11谈一下机舱命令任何机舱令应由操作驾驶台车钟的人重复，值班轮机员应确保命令正确及时执行。机舱令包括：备车，完车，停车全速前进，半速前进，慢速前进，微速前进全速倒车，半速倒车，慢速倒车，微速倒车紧急全速正车，紧急全速倒车12.TalkaboutthetelegraphintheengineroomThistelegraphisonthecontrolroomconsole.ItisusedtocontrolandindicatetheM.E.condition.Onthetelegraph,twodirectionsareshown,thatis,aheadandastern,andbetweenthemisthestopposition.Everytimebeforesailing,thistelegraphmustbechecked.Itshouldhavenodifferencewiththebridgetelegraph.12谈一下机舱车钟车钟在控制室的面板上。被用于控制和显示主机状况。在车钟上，显示两个方向，那就是，正车和倒车，在它们之间是停车位。每次航行前，车钟必须被检查。机舱车钟应与驾驶台的没有任何差别。第四章应急用语1.Describebrieflyoneofthemainenginebreakdowncasesthatyouexperiencedorheard.LastyearwhenIworkedonabulkcarrier,Ifoundtheexhausttemperatureofthemainengineisrisingquickly.Therewasafireinthescavengeairbox.Theenginewassloweddown.Thefuelwasshutofffromtheaffectedcylinders.Iopenedwidetheinletvalveofthecoolingwater.Thedutymotormanincreasedthecylinderlubrication.Thefirequicklyburntout.1简短描述一下你经历或听到的主机损坏情况去年在散货船上工作，我发现主机排气温度上升很快。扫气箱着火了。主机降速。切断受影响的汽缸的燃油。我完全打开冷却水进入阀。值班机工增大汽缸润滑。火快速熄灭。2.Actionstobetakenintheeventofsuddenstoppageofthemainengine.Intheeventofsuddenstoppageofthemainengine,thepossiblecausemaybethesafetyprotectionsystemfunctioning,duetolowlubeoilpressure,fueloilbreakdown,blackout,overspeedandsoon.Generally,weshouldtakethefollowingactions:first,wewillcarefullycheckthemainengineandfindthecauses.Second,wewilltakemeasurestoremedythetrouble.Third,wewillresetandrestartthemainengine.2万一主机突然停止，采取的措施万一主机突然停止，可能是由于低的滑油压力，燃油故障，全船断电，超速使安全保护系统起作用。通常，我们应当采取以下行动：首先，我们仔细检查主机并发现原因。其次。我们采取措施修复故障。第三，我们重新设定并重启主机。3.Actionstobetakenintheeventoftheturbochargersurge.Iftheturbochargersurges,thepossiblecausesincludehighbackpressureofexhaustmanifoldandlowflowingquantity,rapidchangeinload,insufficientfueloil,badcombustion,scavengefireandsoon.Intheeventofturbochargersurge,wewillslowdownthemainengine,findthecauses,anddosomeremedies.3如果涡轮增压器喘震，采取的措施如果涡轮增压器喘震。可能是由排气总管的高背压和低流量，负载的快速变化，燃油不足，燃烧不良扫气箱着火等引起的。万一涡轮增压器喘震，我们将给主机降速，发现愿意，做一些修复。4.Noticestobetakenwhenthemainenginerunningwithonecylinderbeingcutoff.当主机单缸封缸运行的时候，采取的措施WhentheM/Eisrunningwithonecylinderbeingcutoff,theM/Espeedandloadshouldbereducedtoavoidothercylindersbecomingoverload.Specialattentionshouldbepaidtothe12exhausttemperatureoftheremainingcylinders.Itcannotexceednormalfullloadtemperatures.Iftheturbochargersurges,reducetheloadfurthertoavoidcontinuoussurging.当主机单缸封缸运行的时候，减小主机速度和负载去避免其他汽缸过载。特别注意剩余汽缸的排气温度。它不能超过正常的全负荷温度。如果涡轮增压器喘震，进一步减小负载以避免持续喘震。5.Actionstobetakenwhenscavengefireoccurs.Ifascavengefireoccurs,thefollowingactionsshouldbetakenatonce:Reportittothebridge(captain).Ifthereisasmallfire:(1)slowdowntheengine;(2)cutofffuelsupplyofaffectedcylinders;(3)increasecylinderlubricationminimizetheriskofseizure;(4)closeallthescavengedrains.Afireextinguishingmediumshouldbeinjectedthroughthefittingprovidedinthescavengetrunk.Onnoaccountshouldthetrunkbeopenedup.Ifthereisabigfire,theenginemustbestopped.5如果扫气箱着火，采取的行动如果扫气箱着火，立刻采取一下行动：报告给驾驶台或船长。如果发生小型火灾1给主机降速2切断受影响的汽缸的供油。3增加汽缸润滑减小卡死的风险4关闭所有扫气口。一个灭火介质通过扫气箱的装置注入。在任何情况下扫气箱都不应当打开。如果有大型火灾，应立刻停车。6.Actionstobetakenwhenacrankcaseexplosionoccurs.Ifacrankcaseexplosionoccurs,thefollowingactionsshouldbetakenatonce:(1)reporttothebridge(captain);(2)stoptheengine;(3)stopfueloilprimarypump;(4)stoplubricatingoilpump;(5)cutoffstartingair;(6)engageturninggear.6如果曲轴箱爆炸，采取的行动：如果曲轴箱爆炸，采取一下行动：1报告驾驶台或船长2停止主机3停止燃油原动泵4停止滑油泵5切断启动空气6啮合盘车机7.Describebrieflyoneoftheblackoutcasesthatyouexperiencedorheard.1)thecase.事件2)actionstakeninthatcase.在事件中采取的行动3)Yourcommentsastotheactions.对于行动的你的评论Oneday,ourshipsuddenlyblackedoutwhileatsea,luckilythestateofseawasgood,wedealtwithit.Theengineertookthefollowingactions:hestoppedthemainenginefirst,andinformedthebridgeandchiefengineerimmediately,thenstartedthestandbygeneratorassoonaspossible.Withpowersupplyhestartedthesteeringgearandpumpsfirst,andthenstartedthemainengine.Themeasurewascorrect,andatlastthepowerwasrecovered.7简单描述一下你听到或经历的全船断电的事例一天，在航行时我们的船突然全船断电，幸运的是海况很好，我们处理它。轮机员采取以下行动：首先他停止主机，离开通知驾驶台和轮机长，然后尽快启动备用发动机。供电之后首先启动舵机和泵，然后启动主机。措施正确，最后动力将会恢复。8.Describetheproceduretostartanemergencygenerator.Whenwestarttheemergencygenerator,weshouldtakethefollowingsteps.First,checkthelubeoilandfueloillevels,aswellasthewaterlevel.Second,theselectingswitchwillchangeoverfrom―automatic‖to―manual‖.Third,pushthestartingbutton,andcheckthevoltageandfrequency.8描述一下起动应急发电机的程序当我们起动应急发电机时，我们采取以下步骤，首先检查滑油和燃油，以及水位。其次选择开关从自动转换到手动。第三，按起动按钮，检查电压和频率。9.Describethemaintenanceworkofemergencybattery.Themaintenanceworkofemergencybatteryinclude:1)checktheelectrolytelevel.2)Keeptheemergencybatteryclean.3)Measurethevoltageofthebattery.4)Measurethespecificgravityoftheelectrolyte.5)Periodicallychargeanddischargethebatterysoastoprotecttheplateelectrode.9描述一下应急蓄电池的保养工作应急蓄电池的保养工作包括：1检查电解液液位2保持应急蓄电池的干净3测量蓄电池的电压4测量电解液的比重5定期给蓄电池充电和放电，来保护电极板。10.Actionstobetakenwhenablackoutoccursintheengine.Ifablackoutoccurs,thefollowingactionsshouldbetakenatonce:(1)informthebridgeandchiefe