基于组态软件的电梯运行仿真设计论文

附录三：英文原文(本文来源:/showtopic-9763.aspx)AutomatedWarehousingPerspectivesandTrendsAuthor:PaulSmithKeywords:Automation,AutomatedWarehousing,RealTimeWarehouseControlSystemsIntroduction:Awarehousehasbeengenerallyperceivedtobeaplacetostorethings,outofsight,andoutofmind,certainlynotanimageofhightechorsophistication.Infactmostplantmodernizationeffortshavetypicallyignoredorbypassedthewarehousecompletely.But,intoday'sivempartiufacturingandbusinessenvironment,thevitalroleofwarehousinghastobeproperlyunderstood.Thewarehouseisacriticallinkbetweenamanufacturingplantandtheexternalworldandsignificantlyaffectstheperformaneeoftheentiremanufacturingandlogisticssystem.ThetimetopayattentiontothewarehouseandtointegrateitinthematerialsupplychainIslongoverdue,especiallyinInpletely.But,intodayAutomationinwarehousingimmediatelyconjurestheimageofahigh-riseAutomatedStorageRetrievalSystem(AS/RS).Therefore,beforeproceedingwithageneraldiscussiononautomationinwarehousing,letusfirstunderstandwhatisanAS/Rs.Typically.AS/RSinvoIvestheuseofhigh-riserackswithastoragemachineoperatingwithintheaisle,servingbothsidesoftheaisle.Loadsarestoredintheracksandretrievedeitherautomaticallyorinasemi-automatedfashion.Theloadscouldeitherbeunitloadsthatarepalletized,or,insomecases,invoIvedrawersandtotesthatareusedtostoresmallerparts.TheheightsofAS/RSsystemscanvary,dependingontheapplication.Thehighestsystemsare100feethigh.Butthesearefewandfarbetween.Themainadvantagesofahigh-risestoragesystemareasfollows:Highdensityofstoragebyutilizingthecubicspaceavailableandwiththehelpofnarrowaisles.2，Tighterinventorycontrolthroughcomputerizationresultinginhigherinventoryaccuracy.3，Reducedaccessintheaisles,improvingthesecurityofthematerial.4，Increasedspaceutilizationviarandomstorageversusdedicatedspaceallocatedtodifferentparts.5，Abilitytotiethestoragesystemtothemanufacturingandthedistributionsystemsviacomputercontrol,permittingahigherlevelofsystemperformance.6，Betterutilizationofstorageandretrievalequipment.7，Reductioninmanpower.ComponentsofanAS/RS:RackStructure:AnAutomatedStorageRetrievalSystemconsistsofarackstructure.Therackscaneitheraccommodatepalletizedunitloadsortotes/binsordrawers,dependingonthesizeandcharacteristicsofthepart.Othertypesofracksarecantileverracks,flowracks,andanyotherspeciallydesignedstoragestructure.Therackopeningsaretypicallystandardized,asthecostofnon-standard,orcustomized,openingscanbesignificantlyhigherthanthoseforthestandardopenings.Thepalletsaretypicallyslavepallets,i.e.,theydonotleavethewarehousetocustomers,includingmanufacturing.Thereasonforthisistheroughusereceivedbypalletsinloading/unloadingandintransportation.DamagedpalletswithnailsorsliversstickingoutcancauseseriousproblemsintheoperationofanAS/RS.Also,therackstructurecanbeeitherfreestanding,orthebuildingcanberacksupported.Storage/RetrievalMachine:Thestorageretrieval(S/R)machineoperateswithinastorageaisle.Itsfunctionistostoreandretrieveloads.Itisdesignedforapplicationsrequiringhighlifts,fastspeeds,controlfeaturesandaccuratepositioning,notavailableinothertypesofmaterialhandlingequipment.Typically,itconsistsofastructuralframeofeitherasingleormultiplemastconstruction.Thelowerportionoftheframehaswheelswhichnormallyrunonasinglefloorrailortworails.Theframeisguidedbysupportfromthestoragestructureatthetopofthestructuralframe.ThestructuralframeoftheS/Rmachineisusedtoguidethecarriageforaccuratelocatingoftheloadasitisraisedandlowered.Thecarriagecarriesthemechanismtocarry,storeandretrievetheload.Thestorageandretrievalmechanismcaneitherbeashuttledeviceorapushpullarrangementwithapintoengage/disengagetheload.Thestorageandretrievalmechanismalsomustbeabletotransferloadstoandfromconveyors,shuttlecarsandPickandDeposit(P&D)stations..TheS/Rmachineistypicallycaptiveinasingleaisle,withoneS/Rmachineperaisle.Therearecases,however,wheretheS/Rmachinecanoperateinmorethanoneaisle.Inthiscase,atransfercarisrequiredattheendoftheaisletotransfertheS/Rmachinefromoneaisletoanother.Thechoiceofoneversustheotherconfigurationdependsonthecostandthethroughputrequirements.Typically,S/Rmachinesservicebothsidesoftheaisleandcanoperateinverynarrowaisleconfigurations,wheretheaisleisonlymarginallywiderthantheload.TheS/Rmachinescanhaveapersononboard,orcanbecompletelyunmanned.Theperson-on-boardsystemspermitlessthanafullunitloadtobepickedfromastoragelocation.P&DStations(TransferStations):PickandDeposit(P&D)stationisalocationatwhichaloadisenteringorleavingstorageissupportedinamannersuitableforhandlingbytheS/Rmachine.Thesemaybeasimpleasaforktrucksetdownsation,ashuttlecar,aconveyorizedsectionoranAutomaticGuidedVehicleSystem(AGVS).Normally,everyAS/RShasatleastonepick-upsationandonedeliverystation.P&Dstationsareusuallylocatedattheendofthestorageaisles.SometimestheP&Dstationsareintegratedwithanin-plantorwarehousetransportationsystem.OtherAutomation:InadditiontoconventionalAS/RS,therehavebeenanumberofsystemsthatdonotemploythetypicalaisle-captiveStorage/Retrievalmachines.Someoftheseformsofautomationwillbebrieflyreviewedhere.1.AutomaticGuidedVehicles(AGVs):Oneofthedeparturesfromtheaisle-captiveS/RmachineistouseAGVstonotonlytransporttheloadsbetweenmanufacturingorshippingandstorage,butalsotoandretrievetheloadsfromthestoragelocationsaswell.Inthiscase,awirepathistypicallyusedtobringthevehiclesintotheaislesandtolocateitattheappropriatehorizontallocation.Alift/lowermechanismisthenusedtoraiseorlowertheloadtoandfromtherack.Sometimes,theAGVtakesthefonnofanunmannedlifttruck.ThemainlimitationoftheAGVsystemisthelimitedheighttowhichloadscanberaised.2.Carousels:Analternativetomovingavehicle,withorwithoutapersononboard,totheloads,istomovetheloadtoaP&Dstation.Bothhorizontalandverticalcarouselsachievethisend.Verticalcarouselsprovideabetterutilizationofthecube,whilehorizontalcarouselspermitpartspickingInaconventionalmethodaswell.Carouselscanbeinterfacedwithroboticarmstoautomatethepartsstorageandretrievalprocess.ThePast:IntheU.S.automatedwarehousinginthe1960sand1970'smeantAS/RS.Oneofthedrivingforcesforthisphenomenonwasthedoublingofthevalueofbusinessinventoriesbetween1962to1972.Thevalueofthebusinessinventoriestripledbetween1972and1982.Theexplosionininventoryinthe1960'sand1970'sledtoconsiderablegrowthinwarehousecapacityandtheneedforsignificantlyincreasedcontrolofinventory.AS/RSwasthesolutionofchoice.TheearlyeuphoriaofAS/RSinthe1960sand1970sgavewaytoaratherflatdecadeinthe1980s.ThiswasduamuchslowergrowthinmanufacturingInventories,whichgrewbyonlyabout25%between1972and1982.ThecompetitionfromtheJapaneseandtheneedtocontrolmanufacturingcosts,forcedtheU.S.manufacturerstofindwaysofreducinginventories.Suddenly,thedarlingofwarehouseprofessionalsbecamesomethingthatpeopledidnotwanttotalkabout.Anumberofprojectswere.infact,abandonedmidstream.TherewereseveralAS/RSsystemsthatwerelyingemptyandhadtobedismantledinthe1980 's.AS/RSbecameabadwordduringthe1980'swhengrowthinbusinessandindustrycame,notfromagrowthininventories,butfromanincreaseinInventoryturns.Thefocuswasonreductionofinventories,smallbatchproductionandjust-in-timedelivery.Whilenoonecanarguewiththeobjectivesofjust-in-timeandreducedinventories,thetacticsadoptedbybusinesstoadoptefficientmanufacturingpracticesweretooextremeandlackedsufficientthinkingonthepartofmanagementwhenitcametowarehousing.CompaniesbegantoIndiscriminatelycutanyandallfundingforwarehouses,asInventorywas“evil”.WhatanumberofthesecompaniesdidnotrealizeisthatalthoughanumberoftheearlyapplicationsofAS/RSwerenotjustified,butseveralweredoinganexcellentJob.TheoneareainwhichAS/RSwas,andstillis,averyviableoption,isdistribution.Also,anotherdevelopmenthadtakenplaceinautomatedwarehousingsystemsinmanufacturing.Anumberofsmaller,decentralizedminiS/Rsystemsmadetheirappearanceinmanufacturinginthe1980'sI.nterestingly,thetrendindistribution,wasquitetheopposite.Thetrendhasbeentowardsgreatercentralization,andlarger,moreautomated,warehouses.Companiesbegantorealizethat,insteadofhigherinventoriesinseveralsmallerdistributioncentersspreadthroughoutthecountry,itwasmoreefficienttocentralizeinventoriesandtoshiptovariousoutlets,fromfewerdistributioncenters.Faster,andreliabletransportationsystemsmadethispossible.AutomationinControl:Theothermajorareaofgrowththatbeganduringthe1980swasrealtimewarehousecontrolsystems(RTWCS).Thecomputerrevolutionbegantopermitmassive,centralizedcomputersystemstobebrokenupanddecentralized.Decentralizedcomputingsetthestageforcontrolautomationinthewarehouse.Controlautomationblendsmaterialhandlingautomation,automaticdatacollection,andhumanresourcestoachieveComputerIntegratedWarehousing(CIW).WarehousestaffarelinkedtothecomputerviaRadioFrequencyDataTerminals(RFDT).RFDTsaretypicallyequippedwithhandheldlaserscanners.ThesesystemsarereferredtoasRealTimeWarehouseControlSystems(RTWCS).Recordsareautomaticallyandimmediatelyupdatedwhenmaterialisreceived,put-away,picked,andshipped.AnRTWCSmonitorsrequesttoput-away,moveandpickmaterial.Therequestsareloadedintoaworkqueue,whichprioritizesthem,identifiesavailableresourcesandthendispatchesthebestavailableresource.WarehousestaffandmaterialhandlingautomationcomponentsreceivedirectionfromtheRTWCS.Inmanyways,theRTWCSbecomesthedirectorofallwarehouseactivities.Forexample,iftherearenopendingworkrequests,theRTWCSmaydispatchapersoninthewarehousetoperformcyclecounting.Theresultisthatresourceutilizationisincreasedonallfronts-labour,space,equipmentandinventory.Asmoreaccurateand

timelyinformationisprovided,warehousemanagementisimproved.Awarehousemanagercanobtainthecurrentstatusofanyorder,storagelocation,inventorylevel,equipmentactivity,orlabourutilizationdemand.Materialtrackingissoprecisethatitispossibletodetermineforadesignatedpartveinhowmanyarepresentlypickedandstilltravelingwithanorderpicker.Inventoryaccuraciesofgreaterthan99%areachievable.'s.Infact,thetrend's.Infact,thetrendThefuture,intheU.S.appearstobeacontinuationofthe1980towardgreatercentralizationofdistributionwarehousesaslayersofdistributionwillbeeliminatedandthepullforthegoodswillbedirectlyfromthecentralwarehousetotheconsumerofthefinishedgoods.Thistrendwillrequirecentralizedwarehousestoperformmoresmallpicks,i.e.,moresinglecaseandindividualpartpicks.Infact,thesecondgreatestareaofgrowthinwarehousesautomationoverthenextdecadewillbeinorderpicking.TheautomatedorderpickingsystemsofthefuturewillnotbelabourIntensivebutwillhavegreaterresponsiveness,willbemoreflexibleandwillbemoremodularthansystemstoday.Insupportofthishigherthroughputorderpickingenvironment,conveyorsystemswillplayanevenmoresignificantroleinwarehousingthaninthepast.ThegreatestareaofgrowthwillbeinRealTimeWarehouseControlSystems(RTWCS).Thereducedcostsofwarehousecontrolsystemswillplacethesesystemswellwithinreachofwarehouseswhointhepastcouldnotaffordwarehouseautomation.ThereducedcostsandincreasedperformanceofwarehousecontrolsystemswillresultinautomatedwarehousecontrolsystemswithtraditionalmaterialhandlingequipmentbeingasuperioralternativetoAS/RS.附录四：中文译文自动化仓储与趋势展望作者：保罗史密斯关键词：自动化，自动化仓库，仓库实时控制系统简介：仓库已被普遍认为是一个储存东西的地方，从视线中消失，和心不烦，肯定不是高科技或复杂的图像。事实上，大多数植物的现代化努力，通常被忽视或完全绕过了仓库。但是，要正确理解在今天的竞争力的制造业和商业环境，仓储的重要作用。该仓库是一间生产工厂与外部世界，并显着影响到整个生产和物流系统性能的关键环节。时间要注意仓库，并融入物资供应链的情况早就应该，尤其是在印度。在仓储自动化突然浮现了一个高层自动存储检索系统（形象RS的。因此，在与一对自动化仓储进行一般性讨论，让我们先了解什么是一个AS/卢比。通常情况下。由于/遥感涉及高层货架与存储机内的过道操作使用，负载存储和检索的衣架自动或者在一个半自动化的方式。该负载可由单位负载是服务的过道两旁。托盘，或在某些情况下，涉及抽屉和用来存储小部分零件箱。的AS/自动化仓储与趋势展望作者：保罗史密斯关键词：自动化，自动化仓库，仓库实时控制系统简介：仓库已被普遍认为是一个储存东西的地方，从视线中消失，和心不烦，肯定不是高科技或复杂的图像。事实上，大多数植物的现代化努力，通常被忽视或完全绕过了仓库。但是，要正确理解在今天的竞争力的制造业和商业环境，仓储的重要作用。该仓库是一间生产工厂与外部世界，并显着影响到整个生产和物流系统性能的关键环节。时间要注意仓库，并融入物资供应链的情况早就应该，尤其是在印度。在仓储自动化突然浮现了一个高层自动存储检索系统（形象RS的。因此，在与一对自动化仓储进行一般性讨论，让我们先了解什么是一个AS/卢比。通常情况下。由于/遥感涉及高层货架与存储机内的过道操作使用，负载存储和检索的衣架自动或者在一个半自动化的方式。该负载可由单位负载是服务的过道两旁。托盘，或在某些情况下，涉及抽屉和用来存储小部分零件箱。的AS/RS系统可

以有所不同，这取决于应用程序的高度。最高的系统是100英尺高。但这些都是寥寥可数。一个高增长的存储系统的主要优点如下：1，高存储密度，利用三次可用空间，并在狭窄的过道帮助。2，通过在更高更严格的库存准确性造成计算机化的库存控制。3，减少了走道准入，改善材料的安全。4，54，5，有能力配合的存储系统的制造和分销系统通过计算机控制，允许一个系统性能更高的水平。6，更好的存储和检索设备利用率。7，减少人力。组成部分的AS/RS：

1。机架结构：自动存储检索系统包括一个机架结构。机架可以容纳托盘单元负载或根据大小和部分特性/箱或抽屉零件箱。其他类型的货架悬臂式货架，流动架，以及任何其他专门设计的存储结构。机架开口通常标准，作为成本不标准或定制的，开口比，可显着为高标准的空缺。托盘托盘通常是奴隶，即他们不离开仓库的客户，包括制造业。其原因是使用的粗货盘收到装载/卸载，交通的原因。损坏的托盘用钉子或条子伸出能引起的的AS/RS经营严重的问题。另外，机架结构可以是自由站立，或建设可以机架支持。2。存储/检索机：存储检索（的S/R）的机器运转在一个存储通道。它的功能是存储和检索负荷。它是专为需要高升降机，速度快，控制功能和精确的定位，该框而不是在其他类型的材料处理设备提供的应用程序。通常，它由一组或单个或多个桅杆结构框架建设。在帧的下部有一个通常的单层或二轨运行轨道车轮。该框架的指导原则是支持从存储结构在结构frame.The顶部的S结构框架/R机是用来指导准确的定位的运输负荷，因为它是提高和降低。马车进行的机制，携带，储存和检索的负荷。在存储和检索机制可以是用大头针穿梭装置或安排从事pushpull/脱开负载。的存储和检索机制还必须能够从传送带转移和负载，穿梭车，接送及存款性（P&D）的站..的S/R机通常是圈养在一个通道，与一个S/住宅每通道机。还有一些情况，但是，其中的S/R机可以在一个以上的通道。在这种情况下，转让汽车需要在年底的走道转移从一个过道的S/R机到另一个。作者：相对于其他配置一个选择取决于成本和吞吐量的要求。通常情况下，S/R型机服务双方的过道，可以在非常狭窄的过道操作配置，那里的过道只能勉强大于负载。的S/住宅机器可以在船上的人，也可以完全无人。该人在船上制度允许负荷于一个完整的单元少从一个存储位置挑选。3。策划及发展部站（换乘站）：选择与存款性（P&D）的车站是一个位置的负载是在进入或离开仓库是支持的方式为通过的S/R机处理适当。这可能会是有一个叉车setdownsation，穿梭车，一节或一传送带自动导引车系统（AGV用简单。通常，每次/RS已至少有一个回升sation和一站传递。策划及发展部站通常设在存储过道结束。有时候，策划及发展局是一个不可或缺的一个在工厂或仓库的运输系统。

其他自动化：除了传统的作为/遥感，有一个系统，不采用典型的过道，圈养存储/检索机的数量。这种形式的自动化部分将简要回顾这里。1。自动导引车辆（AGV:从过道-S的俘虏离港一/R机是使用AGV勺，不只是制造或之间的交通运输和存储的负载，而且还和检索以及存储位置的负载。在这种情况下，电线路径通常是用来使车辆的通道，并找到在适当的水平位置。电梯/低的机制，然后用于提高或降低加载和在机架上。有时，自动导引车采用的是无人驾驶叉车芬山。该自动导引车系统的主要限制是有限的高度，这可以提高负荷。2。旋转木马:另一种对移动车辆，或在船上没有一个人，到负载，是将负载为P研发站。横向和纵向的旋转木马，达到这个目的。垂直旋转木马提供了一个立方体更好地利用，而横向输送带允许部分在传统的方法，以及采摘。输送带接口与机器人可以自动武器的零件存储和检索过程。过去:在美国在1960年的自动化仓储和1970年的就是说/遥感。造成这个现象的主要驱动力之一就是价值的商业库存从1962年到1972年翻一番。该业务的存货价值在1972年至1982年的三倍。