化学专业英语-inorganic课件

Chapter1InorganicChemistryChapter1InorganicChemistrySignificantTerms(Glossary)NomenclatureofCompoundsSignificantTerms(Glossary)2Periodictable

DoYouKnow?As,arsenicwasdiscoveredinabout1250Only24elementswereknownatthetimeoftheAmericanRevolutionin1776Thefirsttabulationofthe“chemicallysimple”substancesthatwecallelementsappearedinatreatisepublishedin1789byaFrenchscientistnamedAntoineLavoisier第110号化学元素为“Darmstadtium”，缩写为“Ds”PeriodictableDoYouKnow3Whenandwhogivethemodernversionofperiodictable?Periodictable

In1869,thefamousRussianchemist“DmitriMendeleev”introducedthemodernperiodictableWhenandwhogivethemodernv4化学专业英语-inorganic课件5化学专业英语-inorganic课件6periodictableofelements（元素周期表）period（周期）group（族）s/p/dblock(s、p、d区)

maingroupelement（主族元素）transitionelement（过渡元素）alkalimetal（碱金属）alkalineearthmetal（碱土金属）periodictableofelements（元素周7halogen(卤素)chalcogen(硫族)rareearth(稀土)noblegas

(inertgas)(惰性气体)periodictableofelements（元素周期表）halogen(卤素)periodictableof8lanthanide(镧系)actinide(锕系)transitionmetals(过渡金属）innertransitionmetals（内过渡金属）periodictableofelements（元素周期表）lanthanide(镧系)periodictable9化学专业英语-inorganic课件10

metalnonmetal

metalloid(准金属,半金属)Thesevenmetalloidelementsare:Periodictable

B

boron

Si

silicon

Ge

germanium

As

arsenic

Sb

antimony

Te

tellurium

Po

poloniummetalPeriodictableBbo11NonmetalsHydrogen(氢)Deuterium(氘)Tritium(氚)Boron(硼)Carbon(碳)源自希腊语tritos[第三]源自希腊语deuteros[第二]NonmetalsHydrogen(氢)源自希腊语tri12Nitrogen(氮)Oxygen(氧)Ozone(臭氧)Allotrope(同素异形体)Nonmetals源自希腊语ozon[嗅]Nitrogen(氮)Nonmetals源自希腊语ozo13NonmetalsNitrogen(氮)Phosphorus(磷)Arsenic(砷)Antimony(锑)NonmetalsNitrogen(氮)14NonmetalsOxygen(氧)Sulfur(硫)Selenium(硒)Tellurium(碲)ChalcogensNonmetalsOxygen(氧)Chalcogens15NonmentalsFluorine(氟)Chlorine(氯）Bromine(溴)Iodine(碘)Astatine（砹）HalogensNonmentalsFluorine(氟)Halogen16NonmentalsHelium(氦)Neon(氖)Argon(氩)Krypton(氪)Xenon(氙)Radon(氡)NoblegasesNonmentalsHelium(氦)Noblegase17MetalsLithium(锂)Sodium(钠)Potassium(钾)Rubidium(铷)Cesium(铯)AlkalimetalsMetalsLithium(锂)Alkalimetals18MetalsBeryllium(铍)Magnesium(镁)Calcium(钙)Strontium(锶)Barium(钡)AlkalineearthmetalsMetalsBeryllium(铍)Alkalineea19MetalsAluminum(铝)Gallium(镓)Indium(铟)Tin(锡)Lead(铅)MetalsAluminum(铝)20Transitionmetals:Scandium(钪)Titanium(钛)Vanadium(钒)Chromium(铬)Manganese(锰)Iron(铁)Cobalt(钴)Transitionmetals:Scandium(钪)21Transitionmetals:Nickle(镍)Copper(铜)Zinc(锌)Silver(银)Tungsten(钨)Platinum(铂)Gold(金)Transitionmetals:Nickle(镍)22Inner-transitionmetals:lanthanide(镧系)

Theyarecalledrareearthelementsactinide(锕系)Inner-transitionmetals:lantha23SignificanttermsrelatedtoinorganicchemistrySignificanttermsrelatedtoi1.Atomicstructure1.AtomicstructureAtomicStructureelectron(电子)proton(质子)neutron(中子)photon(光子)AtomicStructureelectron(电子)26AtomicStructurenucleus(原子核)atomicnumber(原子序数)massnumber(质量数)relativeatomicmass(相对原子量)AtomicStructurenucleus(原子核)27AtomicStructurequantummechanics(量子力学)photoelectriceffect(光电效应）wave-particlenature(波粒二象性)deBroglieequation（德布罗意方程）SchrÖdingerequation(薛定谔方程)BohrModel(玻尔模型)HeisenbergUncertaintyPrinciple（海森堡测不准原理）AtomicStructurequantummechan28AtomicStructureprincipalquantumnumberangularmomentumquantumnumbermagneticquantumnumberspinquantumnumberenergylevelsubleveldegenerate(能量简并)AtomicStructureprincipalquan29wavefunctionprobabilitydistributionangularwavefunctionradialwavefunctionradialprobabilitydistribution(径向几率分布)hydrogenicions(类氢离子)atomicorbital(原子轨道)AtomicStructurewavefunctionAtomicStructure30electronspin(电子自旋)paired/unpairedelectronparallelspinsopposedspins(自旋反平行)groundstate(基态)excitedstate(激发态)AtomicStructureelectronspin(电子自旋)AtomicStr31AtomicStructuremany-electronatom(multi-)(多电子原子)electronconfiguration(电子排布)TheelectronconfigurationofOandFeatomsintheirgroundstateare:

8O1S22S22P4

26Fe[18Ar]4S23d6AtomicStructuremany-electron32PauliExclusionPrinciple（保里不相容原理）Hund’sRule（洪特规则）screeningeffect(屏蔽效应)penetration(钻穿效应)AtomicStructurePauliExclusionPrinciple（保里不33effectivenuclearchargeatomicradiuselectronegativityionizationenergy(电离能)AtomicStructureeffectivenuclearchargeAtomic342.Chemicalbond2.ChemicalbondChemicalBondvalenceelectron（价电子）covalent/metallic/ionicbond

（共价﹑金属﹑离子键）coordinatecovalentbond（配位共价键）single/double/triplebondpolar/nonpolarcovalentbondChemicalBondvalenceelectron（36ChemicalBond

bondparameter（键参数）bondlengthbondanglebondenergybondorderlatticeenergy（晶格能）ChemicalBondbondparameter（键373.Molecularstructure3.MolecularstructureMolecularStructureoctetrule（八隅律）lonepairelectron（孤对电子）sharedelectronpair(共用电子对)homonucleardiatomic(同核双原子的)heteronucleardiatomic(异核双原子的)molecularpolarity（分子的极性)electricdipolemoment（电偶极矩）MolecularStructureoctetrule39polarmolecule（极性分子）nonpolarmolecule（非极性分子)orbitaloverlap(轨道重叠)hybridization（杂化）hybridorbital（杂化轨道）MolecularStructurepolarmolecule（极性分子）Molecular40molecularorbital（分子轨道）bondingorbital（成键轨道）antibondingorbital（反键轨道）molecularshape（分子的形状）MolecularStructuremolecularorbital（分子轨道）Molecul41MolecularStructureBasicmoleculargeometriesofAXnmoleculesareasfollows:linear(直线,e.g.CO2)triangularplanar(平面三角,e.g.BF3)tetrahedron(正四面体,e.g.CH4)trigonalbipyramid(三角双锥,e.g.PCl5)octahedron(正八面体e.g.PCl6-)MolecularStructureBasicmolec424.Molecularinteraction4.Molecularinteraction

intermolecularforce(分子间作用力）orientationforce（取向力）inductionforce（诱导力）dispersionforce(Londonforce)(色散力）hydrogenbondVanderWaalsforce（范德华力）Molecularinteractionsintermolecularforce(分子间作用力）445.Fundamentaltheories5.FundamentaltheoriesClassicalLewisTheoryValenceBondTheoryMolecularOrbitalTheoryValenceShellElectronPairRepulsionTheory(VSEPRTheory)（价层电子对互斥理论）FundamentaltheoriesClassicalLewisTheoryFundame466.Solution6.SolutionSolutionsolvent（溶剂）solute（溶质）dilutesolution（稀溶液）concentratedsolutionunsaturatedsolutionsaturatedsolutionsupersaturatedsolutionSolutionsolvent（溶剂）48homogeneous（均相的）heterogeneous（非均相的）concentration（浓度）activity(活度)numberofmolesSolutionhomogeneous（均相的）Solution49molarity（摩尔浓度）molality（质量摩尔浓度）molefraction（摩尔分数）molarmass（摩尔质量）Solutionmolarity（摩尔浓度）Solution50hydration（水合作用）hydrolysis（水解）[hai’drolisis]efflorescence（风化）[,eflo:`resens]deliquescence（潮解）[,deli’kwesns]Solutionhydration（水合作用）Solution51Hygroscopicity（吸湿性）solvation（溶剂化）hydrate（水合物）volatile（挥发的）SolutionHygroscopicity（吸湿性）Solution527.Acidsandbases7.AcidsandbasesAcidsandbaseselectrolyte（电解质）

nonelectrolyteacid/baseamphotericsubstance(两性物质)-lyte,suf.表示“可分解物”,“溶解质”Acidsandbaseselectrolyte（电解质54Acidsandbasesarrheniusacid/base（阿仑尼乌斯酸碱）Brönstedacid/base（布朗斯特酸碱）conjugateacid/base（共轭酸碱）solventleveling(溶剂拉平效应)com-[com-]+iugare[tojoin]Acidsandbasesarrheniusacid55acidic/basic/neutralsolutionpolyproticacid（多元酸）dissociationequilibrium（离解平衡）dissociationconstant（离解常数）protolysisreaction（质子传递反应）buffersolution（缓冲溶液）Acidsandbasesacidic/basic/neutralsolutio56solubility（溶解度）precipitate（沉淀）ionproductconstant（离子积常数）solubilityproductconstant（溶度积常数）formation/dissolution/transformationofprecipitation（沉淀生成/溶解/转化）Acidsandbasessolubility（溶解度）Acidsandbases57precipitationequilibrium（沉淀平衡）solubilityproductrules（溶度积规则）commonioneffect（同离子效应）salteffect（盐效应）fractionalprecipitation（分步沉淀）Acidsandbasesprecipitationequilibrium（沉淀平衡588.Coordinationcompound8.CoordinationcompoundCoordinationCompoundcomplexion（配离子）ligand（配体）coordinationnumber/atom（配位数/原子）monodentate/bidentate/polydentateligand（单/双/多齿配体）CoordinationCompoundcomplexi60chelatingagent（螯合剂）chelate（螯合物）stabilityconstant（稳定常数）stepwisedissociation

(逐级离解)CoordinationCompoundchelatingagent（螯合剂）Coordinati61valencebondmodel（价键模型）crystalfieldmodel（晶体场模型）crystalfieldsplittingenergy（晶体场分裂能）crystalfieldstabilityenergy(晶体场稳定化能）paramagnetism（顺磁性）diamagnetism（反磁性）CoordinationCompoundvalencebondmodel（价键模型）Coordi62geometricisomerism（几何异构）geometricisomers（几何异构体）

Pt

Pt

ClClNH3NH3ClClNH3NH3cis-

顺式trans-反式[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]顺铂，抗癌药无抗癌活性CoordinationCompoundgeometricisomerism（几何异构）ClCl63High/lowspincomplex（高/低自旋配合物）Outer/innerorbitalcoordinationcompound（外/内轨配合物）CoordinationCompoundHigh/lowspincomplexCoordina649.Electrochemistry9.ElectrochemistryElectrochemistryoxidation（氧化）/reduction（还原）Redoxreaction（氧化－还原反应）oxidizing/reducingagent（氧化/还原剂）electrolysis（电解）electroliticcell（电解池）Electrochemistryoxidation（氧化）/66anode/cathode（阳极/阴极）electrochemicalcell（原电池）electromotiveforce（电动势）standardelectrodepotential（标准电极电势）Nernstequationdisproportionation（歧化反应）Electrochemistryanode/cathode（阳极/阴极）Electroc6710.Nuclearchemistry10.NuclearchemistryNuclearChemistrynuclide(核素)isotope(同位素)nucleardecay(核衰变)radioactivity(放射性)halflife(半衰期)NuclearChemistrynuclide(核素)69nuclearreaction(核反应)artificialradioactivity(人工放射性)nuclearfission(核裂变)bombardmentreaction(轰击反应)nuclearfusion(核聚变)NuclearChemistrynuclearreaction(核反应)Nuclear70NomenclatureofInorganicCompoundsNomenclatureofInorganicComp化学专业英语-inorganic课件72NomenclatureofInorganicCompoundsmonatomicions(简单离子)polyatomicions(复杂离子)ioniccompounds(离子化合物)binarycompounds

ofnonmetals(二元非金属化合物)acid/oxyacid(酸,含氧酸)coordinationcompounds(配位化合物)NomenclatureofInorganicComp73GreekPrefixes1

mon(o)-2

di-3

tri-4

tetr(a)-5

pent(a)-6hex(a)-7

hept(a)-8

oct(a)-9

non(a)-10

dec(a)-GreekPrefixes1mon(o)-674Nomenclatureof

MonatomicIonsMonatomic

positiveions(cation)takethenameofthemetalfromwhichtheyarederived.Formetalswhichcanformmorethanonetypesofpositiveions,thechargeisindicatedbygivingitasaRomannumeralinparenthesesafterthename.NomenclatureofMonatomicIons75Monatomic

negativeions(anion)

arenamedbyaddingthesuffix–ide

tothenameofthenonmetalfromwhichtheyarederived.Monatomicnegativeions(anion76Na+

sodium

F-

fluorideK+

potassium

Cl-

chlorideZn2+

zinc

Br-

bromideFe2+

iron(II)I-

iodideFe3+

iron(Ⅲ)

O2-

oxideS2-

sulfide

O22-

peroxideH-

hydride

O2-

superoxideNamesofSome

Monatomic

IonsNa+ sodiumF-77Nomenclatureof

IonicCompoundsThenameofanioniccompoundconsistsoftwowords:thefirstwordgivesthenameofthecation(阳离子）thesecondgivesthatoftheanion（阴离子）NomenclatureofIonicCompound78NaClSodiumchlorideLiFLithiumfluorideCaSCalciumsulfideKIPotassiumiodideFeCl3Iron(Ⅲ)chlorideFeBr2Iron(II)bromideNaCl79BeOBerylliumoxideSnO2Tin(IV)oxideSeO2SeleniumdioxideD2OHeavywaterGaAsGalliumarsenideNaHSodiumhydrideBeO80Theyaregiven

specialnames:Whenanonmetalformstwooxyanions,thesuffix–ateisusedfortheanioncontainingthenonmetalinthehigheroxidationstateandthesuffix–itefortheloweroxidationstate.Nomenclatureof

polyatomicionsTheyaregivenspecialnames:N81Whenanonmetalformsmorethantwooxyanions,theprefixper-isusedforthehighestoxidationstateandhypo-

forthelowestoxidationstateNomenclatureofpolyatomicionsWhenanonmetalformsmoretha82NH4+ammoniumH3O+hydroniumOH-

hydroxideCN-cyanideCO32-

carbonateNamesofSomePolyatomicIons:NH4+ammoniumNamesofSomeP83NO3-

nitrateNO2-

nitriteSO42-

sulfateSO32-sulfitePO43-

phosphateNamesofSomePolyatomicIons:NO3-nitrateNamesofS84ClO4-

per

chlorateClO3-

chlorateClO2-

chloriteClO-

hypo

chloriteNamesofSomePolyatomicIons:ClO4- perchlorateNamesof85HCO3-

hydrogencarbonate

(bicarbonate)HPO42-

hydrogenphosphateH2PO4-

dihydrogenphosphateCrO42-

chromateCr2O72-

dichromateNamesofSomePolyatomicIons:HCO3- hydrogencarbonateName86MnSO4

Manganese(II)sulfateNi(NO3)2

Nickel(II)nitrateCr(OH)3Chromium(III)hydroxideK2Cr2O7PotassiumdichromateMnSO487Sr(ClO4)2

Strontium

perchlorateAg2CO3SilvercarbonateLiAlH4LithiumaluminumhydrideSr(ClO4)288MgSO3Magnesium

sulfiteNaHSO3SodiumbisulfiteRbNO2

Rubidium

nitriteHgNO2Mercury(Ⅰ)

nitriteMgSO389Co(ClO3)2

Cobalt(Ⅱ)

chlorateCu(ClO)2Copper(Ⅱ)hypochloriteNaHCO3SodiumhydrogencarbonateorsodiumbicarbonateCo(ClO3)290Na3PO4Sodium

phosphateNa2HPO4Sodiumhydrogen

phosphateNaH2PO4Sodiumdihydrogen

phosphateNa3PO491Na3PO3Sodium

phosphiteNa3PO2Sodium

hypophosphiteBa3(AsO4)2Barium

arsenateNa3PO392Pb(CH3CO2)4Lead(IV)

acetateKMnO4Potassium

permanganateZn(BrO4)2Zinc

perbromatePb(CH3CO2)493Na2TeO4Sodium

tellurateInSO4Indium

sulfateNaBH4Sodium

borohydrideNa2TeO494Nomenclatureof

BinaryCompoundsWhenapairofnonmetalsformsonlyonecompound,thenameoftheelementwhosesymbolappearsfirstintheformulaiswrittenfirst.Thesecondpartofthenameisformedbyaddingthesuffix–idetothestemofthenameofthesecondnonmetal.NomenclatureofBinaryCompoun95Whenapairofnonmetalsformsmorethanonecompound,theGreekprefixesareusedtoshowthenumberofatomsofeachelement.NomenclatureofBinaryCompoundsWhenapairofnonmetalsforms96NamesofSomeBinaryCompounds:HCl hydrogen

chlorideH2S hydrogen

sulfideNF3

nitrogen

fluorideN2O4 dinitrogen

tetroxideN2O5 dinitrogen

pentoxideNamesofSomeBinaryCompounds97NamesofSomeBinaryCompounds:As2O3 diarsenic

trioxide

PCl3 phosphorous

trichloridePCl5

phosphorouspentachlorideSiC silicon

carbideGeF4

germanium

tetrafluorideGaAs gallium

arsenideNamesofSomeBinaryCompounds98CommonNamesforSomeBestKnownBinaryCompounds:

H2Owater

H2O2

hydrogenperoxide

NH3

ammoniaPH3phosphineCommonNamesforSomeBestKno99CommonNamesforSomeBestKnownBinaryCompounds:

NO

nitricoxide

N2Onitrousoxide(laughinggas)

C2H2acetylene

CH4methaneCommonNamesforSomeBestKno100AcidsPureSubstanceHCl hydrogenchlorideHBr hydrogenbromideHI hydrogeniodideWaterSolution

hydrochloricacidhydrobromicacidhydriodicacidAcidsPureSubstanceWaterSolut101Nomenclatureof

oxyacidsThenameofanoxyacidisdirectlyrelatedtothatofthecorrespondinganion.

Thesuffix-ate

isreplacedby–icacid-ite

isreplacedby–ousacidNomenclatureofoxyacidsThena102NO3-nitrate HNO3nitricacidNO2-nitrite HNO2nitrousacidSO42-sulfate H2SO4

sulfuricacidSO32-sulfite H2SO3

sulfurous

acidNO3-nitrate HNO3nitric103ClO4-perchlorate HClO4perchloric

acidClO3-chlorate HClO3

chloricacidClO2-chlorite HClO2

chlorousacidClO-

hypochlorite HClOhypochlorous

acidClO4-perchlorate HClO4pe104Nomenclatureof

CoordinationCompoundsThecationisnamedfirst,followedbytheanion.Greekprefixesareusedtoindicatethenumberofligandsattachedtothecentralatom.Wheretheliganditselfiscomplex(e.g.en),thenumberofsuchligandsisindicatedbytheprefixesbis-ortris-insteadofbi-or

tri-

andthenameoftheligandisenclosedinparentheses.NomenclatureofCoordinationC105Innamingacomplexion,thenamesofanionicligandsarewrittenfirst,followedbythoseofneutralligands,andfinallythatofthecentralmetalatom.Thenamesofanionicligandsaremodifiedbysubstitutingthesuffix–ofortheusualending.Nomenclatureof

CoordinationCompoundsInnamingacomplexion,then106ThechargeofthemetalionisindicatedbyaRomannumeralfollowingthenameofthemetal.Ifthecomplexisananion,thesuffix–ateisadded,oftentotheLatinstemofthenameofthemetal.Thechargeofthemetalionis107

Cl-

chloro

OH-

hydroxoSO42-

sulfato

CN-

cyanoH2O

aquoNH3

ammineNamesofSomeLigands:Cl-chloro108

Cu(H2O)42+

tetraquocopper(Ⅱ)Cr(NH3)63+ hexamminechromium(Ⅲ)Zn(OH)42-

tetrahydroxozincate(Ⅱ)Cr(en)33+ tris(ethylenediamine)chromium(Ⅲ)[Cr(NH3)4Cl2]NO3dichlorotetramminechromium(Ⅲ)nitrateK3[Fe(CN)6] potassiumhexacyanoferrate(Ⅲ)Cu(H2O)42+ tetraquocoppe109化学专业英语中一些常用的词头ann-，enn-(词头)每年一次的[Lannus年]Anniversary周年纪念[annus(year)+versus(toturn)]AnnoDomini公元（缩写为A.D.)annual一年生植物,年刊,年报,年鉴,化学专业英语中一些常用的词头ann-，enn-(词头)每年一110化学专业英语中一些常用的词头aqua(独立词)水[Laqua水]aquamarine海蓝宝石，海蓝色[aqua+marina海]aquanaut潜水员[aqua+naut水手]aquarium水族馆aquarius宝瓶座化学专业英语中一些常用的词头aqua(独立词)水[Laqu111化学专业英语中一些常用的词头aster-，astro-(词头)星,天体,宇宙

[Gastron星]disaster灾难[dis-离开+aster，注定命运的星宿离开，人就要遭不幸即“灾难”来临]astrology占星术astronaut太空人,宇航员astronomy天文学化学专业英语中一些常用的词头aster-，astro-(词头112化学专业英语中一些常用的词头bacterio-(复合形)细菌[Gbactron，指小式

bacterion，棍棒

]bacterial细菌的[bacterio-+-al的]bactericide杀菌的，杀菌剂[bacterio-+-tide杀]bacteriology细菌学[bacterio-+-logy学]bacteriolysis溶菌[作用][bacterio-+-lysis溶解]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头bacterio-(复合形)细菌113化学专业英语中一些常用的词头baro-

(复合形)重，压[G

baros重量]barometer气压计[baro-+-meter计]baroreceptor压力感受器[baro-+receptor感受器]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头baro-(复合形)重，压[G114化学专业英语中一些常用的词头bi-(复合形)二，二倍，双[Lbi-是bis的结合形式(

G=di-，dis)二，二倍，双]bicarbonate碳酸氢盐[bi-+carbonate碳酸盐]bimolecular二分子的[bi-+molecule分子+-ar的]binuclear双核的[bi-+nucleus核]bivalence二价[bi-+“拉”valens有力]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头bi-(复合形)二，二倍，双[115化学专业英语中一些常用的词头bio-(复合形)生，生命[Gbios生命]antibiotics抗菌素[anti-抗+bio-+-tic有…能力]biology生物学[bio-+-logy学]bioluminescence生物发光[bio-+luminescence发光]biolysis[用]生物分解[bio-+-lysis分解]biosynthesis生物合成[bio-+synthesis合成]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头bio-(复合形)生，生命[G116化学专业英语中一些常用的词头bromo-(复合形)食物,溴(bromine)[‘‘希”broma食物]bromatology饮食学[broma-食物+-to-‘‘插”+-logy学]bromide溴化物[brome-溴+-ide化合物]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头bromo-(复合形)食物,溴117化学专业英语中一些常用的词头briev-，brief-(词头)短[Lbrevis(short)]abbreviate使简短，缩写，节略brief简洁的，扼要的breviary摘要，缩略,化学专业英语中一些常用的词头briev-，brief-(词头118化学专业英语中一些常用的词头calci-，calcico-

(复合形)钙，石

[L

calx石灰，白垩]calciferous含钙的[calci-+-ferous含有]calcification钙化，沉钙作用[calci-+“拉”facere制作+ation名词词尾]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头calci-，calcic119化学专业英语中一些常用的词头calori-(复合形)热[L

calor，热]calorific产生热量的[calori-+“拉”facere形成]calorimetry热量测定法[calori-+-metry测定法]caloritropism向热性[calori-+-tropism向…性]calory(calorie)卡(热量单位)[calori-+-y名词词尾]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头calori-(复合形)热[L120化学专业英语中一些常用的词头cancero-(复合形)癌[L

cancer螃蟹，一种疮]cancerate癌性的[cancero-+-ate形容词词尾]canceroderm皮癌[cancero-+derm皮]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头cancero-(复合形)癌[121化学专业英语中一些常用的词头capillaro-，capill-，capillo-

(复合形)毛，毛细管，毛细血管[Lcapillus毛发，capillaris毛的或属于毛的，毛细血管]capillaritis毛细血管炎[capillaro-+-iris炎]capillarity毛细作用[capillaro-+-ity名词词尾]capillary毛细的,毛细管[capill-+-ary]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头capillaro-，capil122化学专业英语中一些常用的词头carbo-(复合形)炭，碳[L

carbo煤，炭]carbanion阴碳离子，负碳离子[carbo-+anion阴离子]carbide碳化，碳化物[carbo-+-ide化合物词尾]carbohydrate碳水化合物，糖类[carbo-+hydrate水合物]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头carbo-(复合形)炭，碳[123化学专业英语中一些常用的词头carbonyl羰基(>C=O)[carbon+-yl含氧的基]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头carbonyl羰基(>C=O124化学专业英语中一些常用的词头carboxyl羧基-COOH[carbo-+(hydr)oxyl羟基]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头carboxyl羧基-COOH125化学专业英语中一些常用的词头cata-(kata-)(复合形)下，降，缓，退[G

kata向下的，劣等的]catabolism分解代谢[cata-+“希”ballein投+-ism现象]

(反义词：anabolism合成代谢)catalysis催化[作用][‘‘希”katalysis分解]cation阳离子[cata-向下+ienai(togo)]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头cata-(kata-)(复126化学专业英语中一些常用的词头-cede(词尾)进行

[Lcedere进行]antecede先行[ante-先，前+-cede]precede居前，置于…之前[pre-先，前+-cede]proceed前进，着手，开始[pro-前+-cede]retrocede退行

[retro-+-cede]

化学专业英语中一些常用的词头-cede(词尾)进行[Lc127化学专业英语中一些常用的词头ceti-

(复合形)百分，厘[Lcentum一百]

centibar厘巴[centi-+bar巴]centigrade百度计，摄氏温度计[centi-+grade

Lgradus步，阶]centimeter厘米[centi-+meter米]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头ceti-(复合形)百分，厘[128化学专业英语中一些常用的词头centri-，centro-(复合形)中心，中枢[G

kentron点，刺，圆心]

central中央的，中枢的[centro-+-al形容词词尾]centrifuge离心机[centri-+-fuge驱逐]

化学专业英语中一些常用的词头centri-，cent129化学专业英语中一些常用的词头ceptor(独立词)受体，介体[Lceptus拿+-or者]amboceptor介体[ambi-在两面的+ceptor]chemoceptor化学受体，化学感受器photoceptor受光体，感光体[photo-光+ceptor]receptor感受器，受体[re-重，再+ceptor]

化学专业英语中一些常用的词头ceptor(独立词)受130化学专业英语中一些常用的词头chalco-(复合形)铜，铜黄色[Gchalkos铜]chalcanthite胆矾，兰矾，五水硫酸铜[chalco-+G

anthos花+-ite岩石]chalcocite辉铜矿(CuS2)[chalco-+-ite石]chalcone查耳酮：芳基丙烯酰芳烃；苯丙烯酰苯[chalco-铜黄色+-one酮]chalcopyrite黄铜矿(CuFeS2)[chalco-+pyrite黄铁矿]化学专业英语中一些常用的词头chalco-(复合形)铜，铜黄131化学专业英语中一些常用的词头cheiro-,chiro-(复合形)手[Gcheir手]cheiropter翼手类(如蝙蝠)[cheiro-+“希’’pteron翼]cheirospasm手痉挛，书写痉挛[cheiro-+spasm痉挛]chirality手性cheiromegaly巨手(=macrochiria)

化学专业英语中一些常用的词头cheiro-,chiro-132化学专业英语中一些常用的词头chemico-，chemo-(复合形)化学[Gchemeia浸液，chemikos汁的，浸液的]chemicobiology化学生物学chemicopharmacology化学药理学chemolysis化学分解，化学溶蚀[chemo-+-lysis分解]chemotherapy化学疗法[chemo-+therapy疗法]

化学专业英语中一些常用的词头chemico-，che133Chapter1InorganicChemistryChapter1InorganicChemistrySignificantTerms(Glossary)NomenclatureofCompoundsSignificantTerms(Glossary)135Periodictable

DoYouKnow?As,arsenicwasdiscoveredinabout1250Only24elementswereknownatthetimeoftheAmericanRevolutionin1776Thefirsttabulationofthe“chemicallysimple”substancesthatwecallelementsappearedinatreatisepublishedin1789byaFrenchscientistnamedAntoineLavoisier第110号化学元素为“Darmstadtium”，缩写为“Ds”PeriodictableDoYouKnow136Whenandwhogivethemodernversionofperiodictable?Periodictable

In1869,thefamousRussianchemist“DmitriMendeleev”introducedthemodernperiodictableWhenandwhogivethemodernv137化学专业英语-inorganic课件138化学专业英语-inorganic课件139periodictableofelements（元素周期表）period（周期）group（族）s/p/dblock(s、p、d区)

maingroupelement（主族元素）transitionelement（过渡元素）alkalimetal（碱金属）alkalineearthmetal（碱土金属）periodictableofelements（元素周140halogen(卤素)chalcogen(硫族)rareearth(稀土)noblegas

(inertgas)(惰性气体)periodictableofelements（元素周期表）halogen(卤素)periodictableof141lanthanide(镧系)actinide(锕系)transitionmetals(过渡金属）innertransitionmetals（内过渡金属）periodictableofelements（元素周期表）lanthanide(镧系)periodictable142化学专业英语-inorganic课件143

metalnonmetal

metalloid(准金属,半金属)Thesevenmetalloidelementsare:Periodictable

B

boron

Si

silicon

Ge

germanium

As

arsenic

Sb

antimony

Te

tellurium

Po

poloniummetalPeriodictableBbo144NonmetalsHydrogen(氢)Deuterium(氘)Tritium(氚)Boron(硼)Carbon(碳)源自希腊语tritos[第三]源自希腊语deuteros[第二]NonmetalsHydrogen(氢)源自希腊语tri145Nitrogen(氮)Oxygen(氧)Ozone(臭氧)Allotrope(同素异形体)Nonmetals源自希腊语ozon[嗅]Nitrogen(氮)Nonmetals源自希腊语ozo146NonmetalsNitrogen(氮)Phosphorus(磷)Arsenic(砷)Antimony(锑)NonmetalsNitrogen(氮)147NonmetalsOxygen(氧)Sulfur(硫)Selenium(硒)Tellurium(碲)ChalcogensNonmetalsOxygen(氧)Chalcogens148NonmentalsFluorine(氟)Chlorine(氯）Bromine(溴)Iodine(碘)Astatine（砹）HalogensNonmentalsFluorine(氟)Halogen149NonmentalsHelium(氦)Neon(氖)Argon(氩)Krypton(氪)Xenon(氙)Radon(氡)NoblegasesNonmentalsHelium(氦)Noblegase150MetalsLithium(锂)Sodium(钠)Potassium(钾)Rubidium(铷)Cesium(铯)AlkalimetalsMetalsLithium(锂)Alkalimetals151MetalsBeryllium(铍)Magnesium(镁)Calcium(钙)Strontium(锶)Barium(钡)AlkalineearthmetalsMetalsBeryllium(铍)Alkalineea152MetalsAluminum(铝)Gallium(镓)Indium(铟)Tin(锡)Lead(铅)MetalsAluminum(铝)153Transitionmetals:Scandium(钪)Titanium(钛)Vanadium(钒)Chromium(铬)Manganese(锰)Iron(铁)Cobalt(钴)Transitionmetals:Scandium(钪)154Transitionmetals:Nickle(镍)Copper(铜)Zinc(锌)Silver(银)Tungsten(钨)Platinum(铂)Gold(金)Transitionmetals:Nickle(镍)155Inner-transitionmetals:lanthanide(镧系)

Theyarecalledrareearthelementsactinide(锕系)Inner-transitionmetals:lantha156SignificanttermsrelatedtoinorganicchemistrySignific