2019上海浦东新区高三二模英语及参考答案

浦东新区2018学年第二学期期中教学质量检测2019.4考生注意：.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA.youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Intheboat,C.Atthegasstation.A.15minutes.A.Intheboat,C.Atthegasstation.A.15minutes.C.50minutes.A.Directorandactress.C.Professorandstudent.A.Annoyed.Surprised.B.Atthegallery.Inthecountryside.B.45minutes.D.60minutes.B.Bossandsecretary.D.Waiterandguest.B.Confused.D.Worried.A.Changingthetopicofthepaper.Givingthepapertohistutor.AskingMrs.Blackforadvice.Choosingbiologyasthesubject.A.Reducepressureandrelaxherself.Solvetheseriousproblemsatonce.Liftspiritsbyforgettingbadthings.Findtherightaddressofthehospital.A.John'sideasaredifferentfromhers.John'sspeechhassomethingtobedesired.Johnhasatalentfordeliveringpublicspeeches.Johnisbraveenoughtoexpresshisviewpoints.A.Askthemantoborrowaprinter.Buyanewprinterwithlessnoise.Readabookonhowtofixtheprinter.Getarepairmantochecktheprinter.A.Topconcernshouldbegiventosafety.B.Bicyclesarepopularwithconsumers.CBicyclesarenotalwaysextremelycheap.D.Thepricecannotdecidethequalityofbicycles.A.Becauseshehasgotamembershipcard.Becauseshehasalreadygotabigdiscount.BecauseshewantstobuybooksataIowprice.Becausesheworksasanaccountantatthestore.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwill-heartwopassages.andalongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbe'spokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Fablebooks.B.Fairytales.C.Magichandbooks.D.Sciencefictions.A.SpeedingupifnecessaryrPractisingpreciselyandslowly.Playingthepianopatiently.Playingtrickswithoutbeingnoticed.A.Live,andlearn.B.Curiositykilledthecat.C.SeeingisbelievingD.Practicemakesperfect.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Itconnectsachiptocollectdifferentcolorfrequency.Itchangesthecolorfrequencyandbecomesapartofthebody.Itreceivesthecolorfrequencyandsendsthefrequencytoachip.D.Itdetectsthecolorsandgivesfeedbacktothebrainthroughachip.A.Becausecolorfrequencywasdetected.Becauseanelectronicdevicewasinstalled.Becausetheprojectwassecretlycarriedout.Becausehisofficialimagewasaccidentallyseen.A.Adamaloneinventedtheelectronicdevice.Thedevicehasimprovedthespeaker'seyesightThespeakercanenjoyaPicassowithouttheelectr?niceye.Theelectroniceyehelpsthosesufferingfromcolorblindness.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.16.AHegothisshirtdirtyaccidentally.Hewasinjuredbecauseoftheairflow.Hewasinterruptedbyhisneighbor.Hewasrudelytreatedbytheairhostess!A.Itisworsethanbefore.Ithasimproved.justalittlerecently.Itiswellworththeprice.Itlivesuptopassengers'expectations.A.Becausetheflightwasoverbooked.Becauseheforgottobooktheflightticket.Becausehewenttothewrongcheck-incounter.Becausetheflightwasdelayedduetothebadweather.A.Tempting.B.Frightening.C.Frustrating.D.Exciting.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblanks,tomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,f川ineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.MeetAlexa,YourDigitalRoommateWhoisAlexa?SheisadigitalassistantthatispartofthevoiceactivatedEchoDotsmartspeakerproducedbyAmazon.ThisyearSaintLouisUniversityinMissourihasplacedoneofthespeakersineverydormroom(21)itscampus.StudentscanaskthevirtualassistantanythingfromWhenarethefootballteamsplaying?toWhat'sthesquarerootof1440?SLUstudentBrendanMcGuiresaid:InsteadofsearchingontheInternetwhileI(22)(tap)awayatmycomputer,IcanjustaskAlexa:HeyAlexa,askSLUwhatsthemolecular(4FMJ)weightofwater?.And.Lcanhavetheanswerwithout(23)(interrupt)myprocess."That'sexactly(24)schoolofficialshadinmindwhentheydecidedtoprovidethesmartspeakersfreeofchargeforstudents.“Thestudentsweattract(25)(drive)toachievesuccessinandoutoftheclassroom,"DavidHakanson,SLU'svicepresident,said.“Everyminutewecansaveourstudentsfromhavingtosearchfortheinformationonlineisanotherminute(26)(commit)totheireducation."SaintLouisUniversityisthefirstintheU.S.(27)(include)anEchoDotsmartspeakerineverycampuslivingspace.Othercollegeshavealsofoundwaystoofferthetechnologytostudents.ThisyearNortheasternUniversityinBostoninstalled60speakersinpublicplaces(28)studentscouldgetanswerstocommonquestions.AtArizonaStateUniversity,engineeringstudentslivinginthebrand-newresidencehallhavetheoptionofaddinganAmazonEchoDottotheirrooms.Ourfocusisputtingthistechnologyintothehandsofourstudentsinaway(29)willbuildanecosystem.(30)supportsvoicetechnologiesthroughouttheASUcampus,"saidHeredia,adirectoratASU..SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notthatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.regionB.initiativeC.sticksdomesticPriorityF.shrinkingG.solidmattersclassicJexpandingKindefinableUNIQLO'sfoundertriestofindawaytobeatZaraandH&MWhenaskedwhatguideshisvisionofUNIQLO,TadashiYanai,itsfounderandchiefexecutive,pullsofftheshelfthe1987autumn/wintercollectioncatalogueofNext,amass-marketBritishretailer.Alloftheclothesareso__31,hesays,thattheycouldbeworntoday.WhileZaraofSpainandH&MofSwedenfollowfashiontrendswithouthavinganyoriginalthought,UNIQLOofJapan__32__to_timelessbasics.Mr.Yanaihasa/an__33__baseathomefromwhichtodevelopintohisWesterncompetitors'mainmarketsofEuropeandAmerica.Butinsteadhis__34__remainsAsia.Asiaistheengineofgrowthtoday."hesays,pointingtothemillionsofconsumersacrossthe_35__whoarereachingthemiddleclass.UNIQLOwillopenitsfirstshopinIndiathisyearandisconsidering.__36intoVietnamandothercountries(ithasalreadyopenednetworksofshopsinIndonesia,SingaporeandThailand).ThesuccessornotofUNIPLO'soverseasoperations__37_greatlytoinvestorsathome.FastRetailing'sshares---Mr.Yanaiownsjustover20%ofthefirm--havebeenrisingsince2015,analystsestimate,largelyowingtoitsinternationalexpansionandimprovedlogistics9ikiY.Athomethefirmisclosingstoresbecausethepopulationis__38__.LastyearUNIQLO'sinternationalprofitsovertookits__39salesforthefirsttimeanditsforeignoperationprofitsalmostequaleditsJapaneseequivalent.Thoughtheyareverydifferentmarkets,EuropeandAmericaofferacautionarytale.UNIQLOnAmericastruggledoutsidethebigcitiesoftheeastandwestcoasts.GrowthinAmericaremains生__forUNIQLOboththereandinEurope.However,Mr.Yanai,anenthusiasticfanofglobalization,isconfidentthathecanguideUNIQLOthroughthechangesneeded.Hl.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ifyouareaperfectionist,youareprobablyfamiliarwiththefeelingofwantingtogeteverythingjustright.Youmaystrugglewithhandinginpapers,agonize（苦苦思索）overprojectsatwork,andevenworryaboutsmallerrorsfromthepast.High__41__are_onething,butperfectionismisquiteanother.Andassomeresearchershavediscovered,42perfectioncanhaveseriousconsequencestomentalandphysicalwell-being.Sinceperfectionismis__43withnegativeoutcomes,whatcansomeonewithperfectionisttendenciesdotochangetheirbehavior?Althoughpeoplearesometimes44togiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn'tmeanbeingunsuccessful.45mistakesareanimportantpartoflearningandgrowing.__46,imperfectioncanactuallyhelpusinthelongrun.Onepossible47toperfectionisminvolvesdevelopingwhatpsychologistscallagrowthmindset（思维方式）.ResearchersatStanfordUniversityhavefoundthatcultivatingagrowthmindsetisakeywaytohelpuslearnfromourfailures.Unlikethosewith48mindsets-whoseetheirskilllevelsasinbornandunchangeable,thosewithgrowthmindsetsbelievetheycanimprovetheirabilitiesbylearningfromtheirmistakes.Psychologistspointoutthatparentscanplaya__49__roleinhelpingtheirchildrendevelophealthierattitudestowardsfailure:theycanpraisetheirchildrenformakinganefforteveniftheirresultsareimperfectandhelpchildrenlearnto_50whentheymakemistakes.Another5loptionforperfectionismistocultivateself-compassion（自我同情）.Tounderstandself-compassion,thankabouthowyouwould52aclosefriendiftheymadeamistake.Chancesarethatyoudprobablymakeresponseswithkindnessandunderstanding,

knowingthatyourfriendmeantwell.Theideabehindself-compassionisthatweshouldtreatourselves53whenwemakemistakes,remindourselvesthatmistakesarepartofbeinghuman,andavoidbeing54bynegativeemotions.Self-compassioncanbebeneficialformentalhealth,butperfectioniststendnottotreatthemselvesincompassionateways.Ifyou'reinterestedintryingtofostermoreself-compassiontheresearcherwhodevelopedtheconceptofself-compassionhasashortexerciseyoucantry.Psychologistshavealsosuggestedthatcognitive（认知的）behavioraltherapycanbeawaytohelppeoplechangetheirbeliefsaboutperfectionism.Althoughperfectionismislinkedtolowermentalhealth,thegoodnewsisthatperfectionismissomethingyoucanchange.Byworkingtoseemistakesaslearning55,andreplacingself-criticismwithself-compassion,it'spossibletoovercomeperfectionismanddevelopahealthierwayofsettinggoalsforyourself.A.risksstandardsA.identifyingpursuingA.hardenedreplacedA.hesitantboundB.valuesC.profitsD.B.mirroringB.associatedB.courageousA.forinstanceB.BycontrastC.averageA.ThereforeInsteadA.obstacleequivalentA.risksstandardsA.identifyingpursuingA.hardenedreplacedA.hesitantboundB.valuesC.profitsD.B.mirroringB.associatedB.courageousA.forinstanceB.BycontrastC.averageA.ThereforeInsteadA.obstacleequivalentA.variouskeenA.casualchangeableA.perseveresurviveA.potentialsustainableB.OtherwiseB.alternativeB.fixedB.creativeB.schemeB.conditionalA.competewithB.runafterarguewithA.favorablyB.kindlydifferentlyA.promotedB.inspiredconsumedC.concealingD.C.comparedD.C.desperateD.InfactC.FurthermoreD.C.attitudeD.D.D.C.negotiateDC.uniqueD.C.respondtoDC.accordinglyD.C.monitoredD.C.positiveC.crucialD.On55.A.skillsopportunitiesB.outcomesC.levelsD.55.A.skillsopportunitiesB.outcomesC.levelsD.SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,candD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Ihadateacherwhousedtowakeupinclassbyshouting:Theearlybirdgetstheworm!"Isaylethimhavetheworm".Ihatefoodthatdoesn'tstaystill,andavoid'Japaneserestaurantsforthatveryreason.Anyway,Istoppedeatingwormsattheageofthree,switchingtoregularbreakfastsofcereal(谷物)，towhichIwouldaddextrasugar.RecentlyIwasthinkingaboutearlybirdsandthecompetitivespiritafterreceivingaletterfromareaderinMalaysia:"Mysondeliberatelythrowsawaymarksbecausehedoesn't1iketobetopoftheclass.WhatshallIdo?"Givehimaroundofapplauseforbeingsmart!ActuallymanychildreninAsiatendtobethefocusbyperformingbetterPlacedintoaverycompetitiveclasswhenIwas11,Iquicklylearnedtheidealpositionwassecondtolast.Thetopthreeperformers'andtheverylastpersonarehighlighted;thesecond-to-lastcontestantisINVISIBLE.Andit'saneasypositiontoget--justdeliberatelyunderperformateverytest.Icoulddothat.Ioncecamesecondtolastineightstraightsportsdayraces.Noonesuspectedanything.IwassoinvisiblethatIcouldhaverobbedabankinmystreetandnoonewouldhavenoticed.AttheLondonOlympicsafewmonthsago,badmintonpairsfromthreeAsiancountriesdeliberatelytriedtolostmatchestodrawgoodlotsinlaterrounds.Itwasfunnytowatch,buttheywereallthrownoutforpoorsportsmanship.Whattheyreallyneededwereactinglessons,theirmovesweresounconvincing.Oops,Ihittheballinentirelythewrongdirection.Theotherday,Itookthechildrenoutandtheyracedforthecar.I'mfirst."saidone.Thesecondsaid:Firstisworst,secondisbest.Togethertheysangatthelastone:Andthird'stheonewithahairychest.Itstruckmethattheorganizersofsportsmatchescouldusethissongwhenpeopledeliberatelylostmatches.Ilost,thedelightedloserwillsay.Thejudgescouldstilldeclarethemwinners,pointingtoanew,optionalregulation:Firstisworst,secondisbest,third'stheonewithahairychest.WhydidtheauthordislikeJapaneserestaurant?Itsfoodwasservedraw.Itsfoodcontainedworms.Hewastemptedbycereal.Hewasaffectedbythesaying.Howdidtheauthormanagetobeinvisibleinacompetitiveclass?Hehighlightedthetopthreestudents.Hecametosecondinsportsraces.HehidhimselfinabankskillHeintentionallyunderperformed.58.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?AThejudgeisencouragedtoeliminatethedishonestplayers.PlayersdisqualifiedfromOlympicdoublesforusingdrugs.Children"ssongpraisesthedramaticactingskillsofathletes.Playerspurposefullyfailedforeasierlotsinthefollowingrounds.Whichsayingmighttheauthorpossiblysupport?AGreatmindsthinkalike.Godfavorsthosewhoareprepared.Honestyisthebestpolicy.Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush(B)Shotinmorethan40locationsinL.A.,themusicalLaLaLandis"alovelettertothecity".TocoincidewithUKrelease,weaskedalocalwritertopicksomeofthefilm'samazingsettings.JudgeHarryPregersonInterchangeLaLaLand'sopeningsceneisasix-minutedancethatplaysoutinL.A.'sbadtraffic.Itisalsowherethefilmsleadingroles,strugglingactressMiaandjazzpianistSebastian,firstencountereachother-inaroadangerincident.ThesceneissaidtohavebeenfilmedovertwohotdaysinsouthL.A.SmokehouseRestaurant,BurbankThisisthesettingforthesceneinwhichMiadiscoversSebastian"stalentforthepiano.ThefictionalLipton'srestaurant--wherejazzpuristSebastianwasreluctanttoplayChristmasmusic--isinrealityaplacelongfrequentedbyactors,producersandothershowbusinesstypes.Ithasbeenonthisspot,acrossthestreetfromtheWarnerBrosstudio,since1949.Inthefilm,theouterwallofLipton'sistheYouaretheStarmural(),whichfeaturesMarilynMonroe,CharlieChaplinandothers,whichisonthecornerofHollywoodBoulevardandWicoxAvenueinHollywoodinreality.WarnerBrosStudios,BurbankMiaworksatthestudio'scoffeeshop,whereSebastiancomestomeether.Astheywanderthestudio'slot,Miapointsout"thewindowthatHumphreyBogartandIngridBergmanlookedoutinCasablanca.It'soneofthefilm'snumerousnodstomoviehistory.WarnerBronsisstillaworkingstudio,with35soundstages,14exteriorsetsandvisitortours.Cathy'sCorner,MountHollywoodDriveThissectionoftheroadthatwindsthroughGrifthParkisthesetting.oftheirdanceplay.ItoverlookstheSanFernandoValleyandfeaturesonthefilmposter.Cathy'sCornerisnearfamedMulhollandDrive,butpreparefordisappointmentifyoureexpectingaparkbenchandstreetlamps,whichonlyexistinthemovie.Inordertoencountersomefilmstars,youmaygotoJudgeHarryPregersonInterchangeSmokehouseRestaurantWarnerBrosStudioCath'sCornerMiamentionedtheunderlinedsentencesoastostressWarnerBrosisstillinfunctionshowrespectformoviesofpreviousgenerationsilltrateLaLaLandwasfilmedatHollywoodCenterStudios_compareMiaandSebastian'slovestorywithHumphreyandIngridInwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoumostprobablyfindthispassage?A.NatureandEnvironment.CityandTransport.TravelandRecreation.FoodandHealth.(C)Fewfactsaboutmodernlifeseemmoreundeniablethanhowbusyeveryoneseemstobe.Acrosstheindustrializedworld,largenumbersofsurveyrespondentstellresearchersthey'reoverburdenedwithwork,attheexpenseoftimewithfamilyandfriends.Butthetotaltimepeopleareworking,whetherpaidorotherwise,hasnotincreasedinEuropeorNorthAmericainrecentdecades.What'smore,thedatealsoshowthatthepeoplewhosaythey'rethebusiestgenerallyaren't.Partoftheanswerissimpleeconomics.Aseconomiesgrow,andtheincomesofthebetter-offhaverisenovertime,timehasliterallybecomemorevaluable:Anygivenhourisworthmore,soweexperiencemorepressuretosqueezeinmorework.Butit'salsoaresultofthekindofworkinwhichmanyofusareengaged.Inthepast,farmingworkwassubjecttoweatherlimits,whiteatpresentpeopleliveinanunlimitedworld,andtherearealwaysmoreincomingemails,moremeetings,morethingstoread,anddigitalmobiletechnologymeansyouhaveafewmoreto-dolistitems.Withtimepressureweighingusdown,it'shardlysurprisingthatwelivewithoneeyeontheclock.Butpsychologicalresearchdemonstratesthatthistime-awarenessactuallyleadstoworseperformance.Sotheironicconsequenceofthebusyfeelingisthatwecouldhandleto-dolistlesswellthanifweweren'tsorushed.Arguableworstofall.thefeeling.ofrushspreadstoaffectourleisuretime,sothatevenwhenlifefinallydoespermitanhourortwoforrecovery,weendupfeelingthatleisuretimeshouldbespentproductively.too.Ifthere'sasolutiontothebusynessepidemic（流行病）,otherthantheuniversal2l-hourworkweek,itmaylieinclearlyrealizingjusthowreasonableourattitudeshavebecome.Historically,theultimatesymbolofwealth,achievementandsocialsuperioritywasthefreedomnottowork.Now,it'sbusynessthathasbecometheindicatorofhighstatus.Thebest-offinoursocietyareoftenverybusy,andhavetobe,saysGershunny.Youaskme,amIbusy,andItellyou:Yes,ofcourseI'mbusybecauseI'manimportantperson!Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhowmuchofourtimewespend.Welivecrazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.Accordingtotheauthor,people'sfeelingaboutbusynessresultsfrom_A.theincreaseintimevaluethesacrificeoffamilytimethelongerworkingtimethechangeofworkingpartnersTheunderlinedphraseweighingusdown"inparagraph5isclosestinmeaningtomakingusoverburdenedhavingapositiveeffectonusmeasuringusinallaspectsgivingustimeforreflectionWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Thesolutiontobusynessisapplyinga21-hourworkweekIfpeoplehadleisuretime,theywouldrelaxthemselves.Thefeelingofbeingburdenedspellslowproductivity.Freedomisoverrepresentedinthecurrentsociety.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?Themeasurementofwealthinthecurrentsociety.Theevolutionofpeople'sattitudetowardsbusyness.Thehiddenreasonsandeffectsofpeople'sbusyness.Thesolutiontoprioritizingthecrucialtasksinbusyness.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.However,mealkitsarelikelyheadingforthemainstream.Ifit'ssingle-useandthrownaway,thepackagingisakiller.Inthatcase,youmightreplacedozensofcartripswithonetrucktrip.Mealknitsarriveonyourdoorstepbytruckfilledwitheveryingredientyouneed.Tailor-mademealkitssavewastebyprovidingprecisequantitiesoffreshingredients.Iffoodwastewasacountry,itwouldrankthirdinemissionsbehindtheUSandChina.Mealkits（餐具）cutfoodwastebutpackagingisaproblemHomedeliverymealkitscan（大幅肖U减）foodwastebymorethantwo-thirds,butsuppliersneedtoswitchtoreusablepackagingtomakethemenvironmentallyfriendly.Thatmeansleftoversareminimized.Butwhilethedeliveryservicesscorewellonreducingfoodwaste,buyingthesameingredientsfromthesupermarketalmostalwayssavesenergyoverallsimplybecausemealkitsusesomuchsingle-usepackaging.Thegoodnewsisthatifyouhavemealsthataretailoredforconsumption,peoplewon'tover-buyandyouhavelessfoodwaste.Youfine-tunetheportionstowhatpeoplewillactuallyeat!Beyondthecostofthewasteitself,thrown-awayfoodgeneratesmethane（甲烷）thatcontributestoclimatechange.68.A2018reportfromtheBostonConsultingGroupfoundthatthewastewassettosoarbyathirdby2030whenglobalfoodwastewasestimatedtoreach2.1bntonnes.Mealkitscanreducetransportemissionsiftheymeanpeopletakefewertripstothesupermarket.Ifpeopleonlywenttobuygoodsthatareunlikelytodecaysuchassoapandtoiletpaper,theymightonlyhavetovisitthesupermarketonceeverycoupleofmonths.Thatdeliverytruckcancarrymealsforyouanddozensofneighbors.69.Thestudyfoundthatevenifdeliveredmealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero,theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.70.Alltheenvironmentalbenefitsarelost.Butifthepackagingcanbereused,youcangetsomebenefits.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaaspossible.LonelinessPeaksForyearsAmericahasbeentalkingaboutobesity,butanewstudypointstoamoreserioushealthissue:isolationandloneliness.Beingconnectedtootherssociallyiswidelyconsideredafundamentalhumanneed--crucialtobothwell-beingandsurvival.Extremeexamplesshowinfantswholackhumancontactincarefailtogrowandoftendie.Indeed,socialisolationhasbeenusedasaformofpunishment.AccordingtoJulianneHolt-Lunstad,theleadauthorofthestudy,anincreasingportionoftheU.S.populationnowpopulationnowexperiencesisolationregularly.Over42millionadultsaboveage45intheU.S.areestimatedtobesufferingfromchronic（长期的）loneliness.Thestudyof340adultsbetweentheagesof27and101livinginSanDiegoidentifiedthreekeyagerangeswhenpeoplefelttheloneliest.Participantswhohadthehighestlevelsoflonelinesswereintheirlate-20s,mid-50sandlate-80s.Whileitmaycomeasasurprisethatpeopleintheirlate-20ssufferedfrom