土木工程专业英语复习重点词汇

LessonlLesson2civilengineering土木工程budget预算structuralengineering结构工程rawmaterial原材料waterresourcesengineering水源工程compression压缩environmentalengineering环境工程compressivestrength抗压强度transportationengineering运输工程tension拉伸constructionengineering建筑工程tensilestrength抗拉强度communityandurbanplanning社区与市政规划support支撑survey测量,勘测vertical垂直的engineeringmanagement工程治理horizontal水平的drainagesystem排污系统column柱子utility公共设施beam梁groundwater地下水frameconstruction框架结构materialproperty(behavior)材料性能cantilever悬臂梁potential潜能,电位goldensection黄金分害U点pressure压力mathematicalformulas数学公式stability稳定性stress应力earthquake地震strain应变wastewatertreatmentplant废水处理厂character特性,性能airscrubber空气净化器installation安装geography地理shelter遮蔽处strength强度rateofflow流率encompass包括,围绕identical完全相同的

framework框架,构架illumination照明naturalresource自然资源parlance说法,用法discipline学科,分枝edifice大建筑物,大厦predominate居支配地位,〔数量上〕占优势dominant支配的,占优势geotechnical岩土工程的nave早期教堂中殿,中央广场specification详述,说明书,清单aisle走廊supervise监督,治理transept教堂的交叉通道subcontractor转包合同apse教堂的后殿asphalt沥青balustrade栏杆aluminum铝intermediate中间的runoffMl,clue线索lock水闸,闸门colonnade柱廊,柱列fill装填物,填土aspiration抱负,渴望scrubber洗涤器incarnation化身,表达incineration焚化blankwall挡墙toxic后毒的cavedweller穴居人combustible易燃的Gothiccathedral哥特式大教堂ramp斜坡excavate挖掘aerial空气的,航空的sonic声音的,首速的,利用音波的plotting测绘,标图municipal市政的,地方的commission委员会

Lesson3Lesson4component构件stressed-skintube承力表层式筒体load-carryingcapability承受水平lateralsway侧面位移ptioartin隔板,隔墙stiffness刚度,刚性heatingandcoolingsystem力口热与冷去口boundarycondition边界条件系统rigidbelttrusses刚性带式桁架superstructure上部建筑framedtube框式的体substructure根底column-diagonaltrusstube根底,地基foundation根底,地基bundledtube筒体系steelframework刚架结构spandrelbeams拱梁cast-iron铸铁rigidshearwalltube刚性承男墙式筒体reinforcedconcrete钢筋水泥compositematerial复合材料masonry砌体spectacular壮观的corrugatedsteeldeck波纹钢地板sway摇摆,歪,使倾斜ateralforce(deformation)侧向力(变形)residential居住的,住宅的transparent透明的,明晰的innovation创新,新事物opaque不透明的eliminate排除pre-castconcrete预浇铸水泥column柱,圆柱物stiffness硬度demonstrate证实,示范rib肋骨project凸出,投射,工程slabbeam薄板梁truss框架ventilating通风bundle捆,束three-dimension三维的,立体的terminate使终止

hinge绞链fa?ade房屋的正面,外观elasticproperty弹性性能perimeter周围,周界truss桁架encroach侵占plumbingsystem水管系统high-risebuilding高层建筑partition分开,隔墙reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土converter炼钢炉spandrelbeam窗卜墙的墙托梁surpass超过shearwall剪力墙exterior外部〔的〕lintel过梁deck甲板corrulintel过梁deck甲板corrugate弄皱duct管道,预应力筋孔道ancillary辅助的ventilate使通风conceal隐蔽bearingwall承重墙plumbingsystem卫生设备系统conduit管道stratification分层,层理exhibit显示,呈现Lesson5Lesson6organicmatter有机物质ventilate使通风,使换气noxiousodor启是气体mobilevehicle机动车辆dis-infection*thermaldiffusion热扩散,热漫布bacteria细菌thermalequilibriumcondition热平衡条件viruses病是thermalvibration热振动protozoa原生动物centralheating中央加热coagulation凝结humidity湿度,湿气activatedcarbon活性碳climate气候biologicaldisc生物转盘suction吸,吸力,吸气metropolitan都市的chamber燃烧室microorganism微生物shaft轴pesticide杀虫剂refrigerating冷冻

herbicide除草剂potablewater可饮用水dewater脱水compost混合肥料centrifuge离心别离机afterburner加力燃烧室cementmortar水泥砂浆electrostaticprecipitator静电沉淀齐Ufluid-bed流化床purification净化plenumsystem压力通风系统pedestal根底,底座acoustics声学,建筑物的传音性cognizance熟悉,注忌charcoal木炭aperture孔隙,口径potbelly大腹hypocaust热坑canopy大逢,防雨蛊板pedestal基座,柱脚,底座cloak斗篷horticultural园艺的convector对流石¥apparatus器械,设备amelioration改善,改良suction吸气,吸力ubiquitous普遍存在的perforate穿孔,打洞trough沟,槽Mediterranean地中海的plenumsystem压力通风系统terra-cotta陶瓦ThamesRiver泰河Lesson7Lesson8span跨度,跨距initiate开始,发动pedestrians行人authority权力,当局highway公路,高速公路approach通路,途经,接roadway车行道,路面近forming成型safefactor平安因子shaping修整chip碎裂tropicalregions热带地区weather受侵蚀,使风化suspensionbridge吊桥hardeningprocess硬化过程bridgepier桥墩yieldstrength屈服强度stability稳定性laminate层叠

anchor锚定failure失效overlap重叠,交迭stressandstrain应力和应变cantileverbridge悬臂式桥梁staticload静载荷corbelarch突拱dynamicloadorliveload动载荷rigidbeam刚性梁impact7^^girder梁,钢桁的支架bump7^^,碰撞stretch拉伸vibration振动buckle屈曲tremor震动,颤抖cable电缆,索dynamicbehavior动态性能valley山谷windtunnel风洞obstacle障碍revenue收入,税收aqueduct沟渠,引水桥durability耐久性barge驳船,用船运输tremor震动,地震isolated隔离的,单独debris碎片,残骸log原木cofferdam围堰vine葡萄树,藤蔓caisson沉箱,沉井slant倾斜,鞋面hazardous危险的subsoil下层土,天然地基temporary暂时的aerialist高空杂技师ingenuity独创性,灵活性,精巧tightrope钢丝derrick人字起重机abutment桥墩,桥台winch卷扬机,绞车anchorage锚定,固定支座guardrail护栏stretch拉伸,展开accessory附件,辅助设备

girder桁架,主梁,撑杆toll通行费intersect横断,相交preliminarydesign初步设计intermediatepier中间墩tensilestrength抗拉强度yieldstrength屈服强度suspensionbridge吊桥,悬索桥compressedair压缩空气

LessonllLesson12layout规划,设计trafficrouting交通路线terrain地形freeway高速公路rightofway可通行throughstreets直通人街groundmapping地图测绘one-waystreets单行线,单行道expressway高速公路,快车道regulation规那么,规章,法规traverse横过,穿过intersection十字路口,交叉点metropolitan大城巾的,主要城巾的expedite加速,派出acquisition获得pavementmarking路面标记substitute代替,取代artery动脉,干线blueprint蓝图,设计图congestion拥塞,充血accommodate提供,供给,容纳crosswalk斑马线,人行横道frequency频率,周期symbol##capacity容量,水平bit字节duration持续时间alleviate减轻,缓和runoffrate流率off-peakperiods非顶峰时间roughness粗糙度bottleneck道路的瓶颈,狭道interstate州际的interference冲差,干扰maintenance维护,##mileage英里数,行车里程pavement公路,人行道curvature甯曲,曲率abutting邻近的shift转移,轮班,替换speculative投机的,推测的reliance信赖,依罪的人或物traverse横穿reversible可逆的,回行的

rerecreational娱乐性的,供消遣的gradation分级,级配,层次expressway高速公路compact压实,捣实accommodate供给,容纳,适应caliche钙质壳,生硝oyster砾,牡蛎bituminous含沥青的catchbasin汇水沟,雨水井adverse相反的,不利的precipitation沉淀,降水量,地形性降雨photogrammetric摄影制图的outlet出口,排水口pneumatic-tiredroller气胎压路机publicutilities公共设施channelization管道化,河道疏浚intersection十字路口,交叉点conflict冲突interference冲突,干扰,相互影响remote遥感的,远程的arbitrary任意的,随机的bottleneck狭道,交通堵塞periphery外围,边缘off-peakperiods非顶峰时间calciumchloride氯化钙guardrail护栏Lesson16Lesson17footing根底,底座layout设计,布置rectangular长方形,矩形masterschedule设计任务书trapezoidal梯形,不规那么四边形subsidiary辅助的,补充的description描述,描绘forecast预测,预想enlarge扩大,增加procurement取得,获得retention保存,保持expedite加速,促进discontinuity间断,不连续fabricate制作,构造subside下沉,沉降complywith照做infiltrate渗入,渗透,透过formwork模子材料basement根底,地卜室budget预算,做预算encase包裹,围住unitcost单位本钱accumulate积聚,堆积timecard计时卡片flexibility弹性,挠性overrun超过,超出backfill回填,装填timestudy工时定额研究admixture混合物,掺合物watertable地下水位matfoundation板式根底fissure裂缝,裂纹slabfoundation平板根底execution执行,完成,施工

plainconcrete素plainconcrete素水泥sump水坑,积水井grout水泥浆,灌浆weep渗漏,滴水swell膨胀,涨水,增大,隆起dismantle拆卸,撤除clarify澄清,说明,净化payroll工资单productivity生产力,劳动生产率bulldozer推土机,压路机shovel铲,挖掘机dragline拉索,拉铲挖土机clamshell抓斗,蛤壳式挖泥机scraper铲运机,刮土机,平土机haul拖,拉,拖运contamination污染,污染物wellpoint降低地下水位的井点,深坑点fragment断片,碎块solidify凝固,固结ingredient成分,配料silo竖井,发射井amalgam软的混合物slipform滑动模板,滑模Lesson18Lesson19deform变形overall全部的,全面的physicalproperty物理性能collapse倒塌,崩溃elasticity弹性ascertain确定,探知plasticity塑性stability稳定性brittle碎性的exert施加,尽力fracture断裂reactionforce反作用力elasticmodulus弹性模量staticequilibrium静力平衡extrude挤压lineofaction作用线hydration水化determinate静定pulverize研磨成粉indeterminate超静定durability耐久性equivalent相等的,相当的synthetic合成的,人造的lateralforce测向力resin树脂,胶质t