船用金属脚手架培训课程-3课件

MARINEMETALSCAFFOLDINGCOURSEFORSCAFFOLDERSDAY3第三天3.1SAFETYRULESTOBEOBSERVEDINTHEERECTINGANDDISMANTLINGOFSCAFFOLDS搭建和拆除脚手架时必须遵守的安全规则

Warningsignboardtobeprominentlydisplayed.

必须有明显的警示牌B.Ensurefirmgroundcondition(e.gshouldnoterectongroundaffectedbytidalchanges).

保证地面坚固（不能搭建在受潮汐影响的地面上）C.Standardplumbandwellsupported.

标准的铅垂和好的支撑D.Standardspacingnotmorethan2.5M.

标准间隔不超过2.5ME.Foottie-correctlyfittedandsecured.

底部横撑正确安装并且加固F.Ledgersandtransomstobefittedhorizontallyandconnectedtostandardwithrightanglecoupler.

横木和横梁必须用直角连接件水平连接在支柱上。3.1SAFETYRULESTOBEOBSERVEDINTHEERECTINGANDDISMANTLINGOFSCAFFOLDS搭建和拆除脚手架时必须遵守的安全规则F.Longitudinalandtransversebracingtobeconnectedtostandardwithswivelcouplers.纵向和横向支撑应该用旋转连接件连接在支柱上。G.Tiebacktobefittedaccordingtothedrawing.横梁应按照图纸安装。H.Eachboardshouldhaveatleastthreesupportsunlessitsthicknessorspaninenoughtopreventanysaggingunderload.除非木板跨距和厚度足够，否则为避免木板载重时松垂每个木板至少有3个支撑。Theboardshouldoverhangbybetween50mm–150mm.

木板应该悬于50mm-150mm之间。J.Whereboardsneedtobutt,putlogmustbedoubledandspacedsothatnoboardoverhangsbymorethan150mm.

如果板需要对接时，横木必须为双层的且150mm以上没有板悬挂。-工作平台-立柱-脚手架板-趾板-对接-横梁-横木-横木和900连接件-伸出物厚板不超过板厚4倍或是低于50mmScaffoldshouldbeplumbedaswellasspeedlevel.脚手架必须是垂直的9003.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS脚手架事故的原因和预防

Commonaccidents

常见事故Falldownfromheight

从高处落下

b.Hitbyfallingobjects

被落下的物体击中

c.Physicalinjuriesduringmaterialhandlingeg.Handorleginjuries

处理材料时的伤害。如手或腿受伤。Don’trideonmobilescaffold–pushonlyfromgroundlevel不要骑在可移动的脚手架上3.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS脚手架事故的原因和预防B.Causes……cont’d

原因（反面）f.Timberboardnotproperlysecured.木板不牢固g.Couplersnotproperlytighten.连接件没拧紧h.Unsafeacts.不安全行为i.Negligence疏忽行为j.Trippinghazardsonworkingplatform.工作平台上绊倒Don’tintroducebendingstressestoscaffoldmembers.禁止给脚手架材料应用弯曲应力.3.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS脚手架事故的原因和预防C.Prevention……cont’d

预防（反面）g.Couplersproperlytightened.连接件拧紧h.Timberboardproperlysecured.木板固定牢固i.Adequatetie-backandbracing.适当的横梁和支撑j.Notrippinghazardsonthejoiningoftimberboard.木板连接处没有绊倒的危险k.Goodcommunication.良好的沟通3.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS脚手架事故的原因和预防C.Prevention……cont’d

预防（反面）l.Knotsmustnotcausetrippinghazards.连接的地方不能引起绊倒m.Nounguardedopening.没有保护的开孔n.Physicallyfit.身体健康o.Donotstandundersuspendedloads.不要站在悬空的负载下面p.Cutortrimsecuringpre-heatedwires.切除预加热线3.3CAUSEOFTHECOLLAPSEOFASCAFFOLD脚手架倒塌的原因

Substandardmaterials.

不合格的材料B.Unskillederector.

不熟练的脚手架工C.Weakfoundation.

不牢固的底座D.Scaffolddamagedbyuser.

脚手架被使用者损坏E.Insufficienttiebackorbracing.

没有充足的横梁和支撑F.Unauthorisedremovalofscaffoldcomponentsuchasguardrail,bracing,tieback,ledger,etc.

未经允许去除脚手架材料，例如护栏、支撑、横梁、横木3.3CAUSEOFTHECOLLAPSEOFASCAFFOLD脚手架倒塌的原因G.Unauthorisedmodificationofscaffoldstructure.未经允许对脚手架进行修改结构H.Standardnotvertical/plumb.支柱不是垂直的。Failedtocomplystandardguideline.

没有遵守标准规定。J.Lackofco-ordinationduringtheprocessofgascutting–resultingthefallingofcutoffmateriallandingonscaffold.

气割过程中缺少协调-以至于从切割处落下K.Don’tmixdifferentsysteminthesamescaffold.

同一个脚手架不同系统不要混淆。3.4REQUIREMENTOFSOUNDMETALSCAFFOLDS可靠金属脚手架的要求

Usesoundmaterials.

使用可靠的材料B.Scaffolderectedbycompetenterector.

由合格的脚手架工进行搭建C.Firmbase.

牢固的基础D.Standardproperlyspaced(max2.5m)&plumb.

标准的间距（最大2.5m）和垂直测量E.Ledger,transomandputlogproperlyspacedandsecured.

横木、横梁间隔合适且牢固。3.4REQUIREMENTOFSOUNDMETALSCAFFOLDS可靠金属脚手架的要求L.Regularinspection定期检查。M.Properlymaintenance.适当保养N.Scaffolderectedasperdrawing.根据图纸搭建脚手架O.Ladderproperlyfixed.梯子固定牢靠P.Nounguardedopening.没有未防护的开孔Q.Usesuitablecouplers.使用相配的连接件Placescaffoldstandardsorframessystematicallyonsoleplates.脚手架支柱或结构放在底板上.3.5STATUTORYREQUIREMENTSOFSOUNDMARINEMETALSCAFFOLDING可靠金属脚手架的法定要求F.Openingonlyforaccess.只有维修开孔G.Stairsorladders.楼梯或梯子H.Scaffoldsnottobeoverloaded.脚手架不能过载i.Standards,ledgersandputlogs.支柱、横木J.Workingplatforms.工作平台K.Boards,planksanddecking.木板、支架和盖板3.5STATUTORYREQUIREMENTSOFSOUNDMARINEMETALSCAFFOLDING可靠金属脚手架的法定要求L.Guardrailsandtoeboards.护栏和脚踏板M.Ties.绑带N.Bracing.支撑O.Transoms.横木P.Spigots,jointpinsetc.套管、接头销Q.Foundationsofscaffolds.脚手架基础R.Preventionofsway.防止摇摆BACKGROUND背景

Anoiltankerwasdockedintheshipyardforaconversionproject.

一艘油轮在船厂进坞进行改装工程

Worktobecarriedoutincludedtheblastingandcoatingofthetanks.

工作包括舱内打砂和油漆

Hangingscaffoldsweretobeerectedtofacilitatetheblastingandcoatingworkontheunderdeckofthevessel.

搭建悬挂式脚手架以便于甲板下的打砂油漆

AScaffoldingSupervisorfelltohisdeathduringtheerectionofthehangingscaffoldsinsidethevessel’stank.

一名脚手架主管在搭建过程中摔落致死DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT事故描述

AScaffoldSupervisorwaserectingahangingscaffoldinsidetheportcargooiltankofthevesseltogetherwithtwootherScaffoldErectors.

一个脚手架主管与两名脚手架工在左舷货油舱内搭建悬挂式脚手架。

TheScaffoldSupervisorpositionedhimselfonatriangularbracketofthe3rdsidelongitudinalframetoerectthesupportingframesoftheHangingscaffold.

脚手架主管在3层的三角支架上竖起一个支撑结构。

TheScaffoldSupervisorcoupleda6meterspipe(transomofthehangingstaging)anda3metrespipe(ledgerofthehangingstaging)withamealcoupler.脚手架主管用一个混合连接件连接一个6米的管（悬挂脚手架的横梁）和一根3米的管（脚手架上的横木）。DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT(CON’T)事故描述（反面）

HelookeddownandthensawtheScaffoldSupervisorlyingonthe4thlongitudinalframeatthetankbottom.

他向下看看到脚手架主管躺在舱底4层纵向结构上。

TheScaffoldSupervisorhadfallenabout25meterstothebottomofthetank.Hediedfrommultipleinjuriessustainedfromthefall.

脚手架主管落到舱底大约25米。他死于创伤过多。

A9meterswireropewaspassedtotheScaffoldSupervisorbeoneoftheEcaffold

Srectorsforhimtotieittothepipeswithaclovehitchknot.

通过脚手架主管的一根9米的绳子是由其中一名脚手架工帮他用一个丁香结绑在管子上的。

AftertheScaffoldErectorhadplacedthe9meterswireropethroughascallopopeningattheunder-deckofthetank,helookedtowardswheretheScaffoldSupervisorwasworkingandfoundhimmissing.

脚手架工将绳子通过舱内甲板下的过焊孔后，他看见脚手架主管正在工作而且发现他的失手。6m管(横梁)连接两管的金属连接件3m管(横木)这里是丁香结,用9m绳子绑的死亡地点,舱底4层纵向结构9m绳就是绑在这根管子上.-落下25m至舱底后,死者落地时的管子的位置,在第4隔间管子末端置于通向第三间隔开孔下方的扁钢条上OBSERVATIONS&FINDINGS观察和发现

Thedeceasedwaswearinghissafetybelt.

死者佩戴了安全带。

Eventhoughthedeceasedwaswearinghissafetybelt,therewasnolifelineorotherformsofsecuredanchorageprovidedforhimtoanchorhissafetybelt.

即使死者佩戴了安全带，但没有安全索或是其他的可以让他的安全带固定的地方。

AccordingtohisfellowScaffoldErectors,itwasthedeceased’sdutytoensurethatlifelineswereprovidedbeforeworkcommenced.

通过他手下的脚手架工，死者在开始施工作前应该保证有安全索。

Theclovehitchknottiedonthepipewasfoundtobeincomplete.

绑在管子上的丁香结并没有绑好。CAUSEOFACCIDENT事故原因

Theincompleteclovehitchknottiedonthepipesindicatesthatthevictimhadprobablyfallenwhilehewastyingtheclovehitchknotonthepipes.

未绑好的丁香结表明死者在悬空时有可能跌落。

Nolifelinewasprovidedforthevictimtoanchorhissafetybelt,therewasnoprotectiontopreventthisfatalfall.

没有安全索以供死者钩挂他的安全带，且跌落前没有预防措施。LESSONSLEARNT教训

ScaffoldSupervisorsandErectorsshouldbeeducatedandconstantlyremindedonthehazardsinvolvedandsafeworkpracticestofollowwhenworkingatheight.

脚手架主管和脚手架工在高空作业时应该接受教育并不断提醒安全规则。

Sufficientandsecuredanchorageforanchoringofdoublelanyardandshockabsorber,bymeansoflifelineorotherwise,mustbeprovidedbeforetheerectionordismantlingofhangingscaffolds.

足够的和牢固的钩挂设施及减震器，通过安全索或其他方法实现；且必须在搭建/拆除悬挂式脚手架前提供。

ScaffoldSupervisorsmustberemindedtocarryouttheirdutiesdiligentlyandavoidat-riskbehaviour.

脚手架主管在履行他的责任必须得到提醒以避免危险行为。CaseStudyNo.2案例分析2Category类别:Fallingfromheight

从高处落下Job工作Task任务:ErectingofTowerScaffoldsInsideTank

舱内塔式脚手架的搭建:ErectingScaffold

搭建脚手架BACKGROUND背景

Anoiltankerwasschedulesforaconversionprojectintheshipyard.

一艘油轮计划在船厂内进行改装。

Theconversionprojectinvolvedmodificationworkonanexistingextendedspindleatthetank.

改装项目包括对舱内现有的延伸轴进行修改。

AScaffoldErectorfelltohisdeathwhileerectinghetowerscaffoldfromthetankbottom.

一个脚手架工在搭建脚手架时摔到舱底致死。DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT事故描述

Theextendedspindle,whichwasabout23metersinlength,ranverticallyalongthebulkheadofthetankfromthetankbottomtothemaindeck.

延伸轴，大约23米长，顺着舱壁方向由舱底伸向主甲板。

AgroupofScaffoldErectorswasinstructedtoerectatowerscaffoldatthetanktofacilitatethemodificationworkonthespindle.

一组脚手架工被要求搭建一个塔式脚手架以便于进行修改工作。

TwoScaffoldErectorswerestationedatthebutterworthopeningonthemaindecktolowerscaffoldmaterialsusingalongfibrerope.

两个脚手架工在主甲板的临时开孔处用一根长的纤维绳将脚手架材料放下。

AnotherthreeScaffoldErectorswerestationedatthebottomofthetanktoreceivethematerialsbeingloweredtothemfortheerectionofscaffolds,aswellastoerectthetowerscaffoldsinthetank.

另外3个脚手架工在舱底接着搭建脚手架需要的材料，同时在舱内进行搭建脚手架。DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT(CON’T)事故描述（反面）

Afterthefirstliftlevelofthescaffoldhadbeenerected,ScaffoldErectorAsignaledtotheScaffoldErectorBwhowasstationedonthemaindecktohoistdowna4metersteelladder.

当第一层搭起来时，脚手架工A通知主甲板上的脚手架工B放下一个4米的钢制梯子。

ScaffoldErectorAthenstraddledaverticalstandardtoreceivetheladderfromScaffoldErectorB.

脚手架工A跨坐在一个垂直的支柱上来接脚手架工B放下的梯子。

WhentheScaffoldErectorAextendedhishandtoreceivethesteelladder,helosthisbalanceandfellintothebottomofthetank.

当脚手架工A伸出手接梯子的时候，他失去平衡掉到舱底部。

ScaffoldErectorAsufferedaseverecutonhisleftshoulderwhenhefell3metersintothetankbottom.

脚手架工A掉下3米到舱底时他的左边肩膀受伤。

ScaffoldErectorAeventuallysuccumbedtohisinjuriesduetoacute

haemorrhageofthetornrightbrachialartery.

脚手架工最终由于肩部大出血致死。Viewoftheerectedtowerscaffold.Thescaffoldwasonlyerectedtothefirst-liftlevel.-塔式脚手架图,这个脚手架只搭建了一层-死者最后站在这里去够梯子.-延伸轴Thedeceasedfellfromthescaffoldandlandedontothetankbottom.死者从脚手架上掉下,摔到舱底OBSERVATIONS&FINDINGS观察和发现

Therewasnotaglineattachedtothesteelladder.Ataglinewouldhavemadeiteasierforthevictimtoreceivethesteelladder.

钢制梯子上没有附绳子。一根绳子就会让死者很容易接到梯子。

Thevictimhadputonasafetybeltbutitwasnotanchoredastherewasnolifelineorsecuredanchoragepoint.Asthescaffoldwaserectedtofirstlift,itshouldnotbeconsideredasasecuredstructureforScaffoldErectorstoanchortheirsafetybelts.

死者戴上了安全带但是该处没有固定安全带的地方。由于脚手架只搭建了第一层，并没