生化英文单词汇总

生化英文单词汇总生化英文单词汇总生化英文单词汇总生化英文单词汇总编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:生化单词表蛋白质结构和功能Protein蛋白质Aminoacid氨基酸Myoglobin肌红蛋白Hemoglobin血红蛋白2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate2,3-二磷酸甘油酸proteinphysical-chemicalproperties蛋白理化性质Priondisease朊蛋白病Scurvy坏血病Methemoglobinemia高铁血红蛋白病Enzymes酶Catalysis催化作用Chiral手性Aminogroup氨基Carboxylicacidgroup羧基Zwitterion两性Protonation质子化isoelectricpoint等电点Ionizable可解离的Homeostatsis稳态Polar极性uncharged不带电的charged带点的acidic酸性的basic碱性的non-polar非极性hydrophilic亲水的hydrophobic疏水的aromaticAA芳香氨基酸hydroxylgroup羟基sulfur-containingAAs含硫氨基酸amide酰胺iminoacid亚氨基酸polypeptidebackbone多肽骨架EssentialAminoAcids必需氨基酸Monomer单体Polymer聚合物multi-subunit多亚基Primarystructure一级结构Secondarystructure二级结构Tertiarystructure三级结构Quanternarystructure四级结构hydrogenbond氢键PeptideBonds肽键condensationreaction缩合反应Polypeptide多肽alphahelixa螺旋beta-sheetbeta折叠betaturnbeta转角Right-handedhelix右手螺旋Isomers异构体MotifT模体fibrousproteins纤维状蛋白globularproteins球形蛋白Intermediatefilaments中间丝蛋白cytoskeleton骨架Keratin角蛋白Extracellularmatrix细胞外基质Collagen胶原蛋白Elastin弹性蛋白Tendons肌腱Cartilage软骨Silkfibroin丝蛋白Cornea角膜prolylhydroxylase脯氨酸羟化酶a-ketoglutaratea-酮戊二酸ascorbate抗坏血酸Antiparallel反平行Domain功能域HemeGroup血红素基团Ferricion(Fe3+)高铁Ferrousion(Fe2+)亚铁Porphyrin卟啉.Nitrogen氮Hyperbolic抛物线的deoxyhemoglobin脱氧血红蛋白oxyhemoglobin氧合血红蛋白Conformational构象Subunit亚基cooperativebinding协同结合sigmoidal双曲线的Allostery变构作用heterotropiceffect异促效应homotropiceffect同促效应Hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进phosphoglyceratemutase(PGM)磷酸甘油变位酶erythrocytes红细胞Irondeficiencyanemia缺铁性贫血Chronicrespiratorydisease慢性呼吸系统疾病Hypoxia低氧pulmonaryedema肺水肿Antibodie抗体(immunoglobulins免疫球蛋白Bacteria细菌Virus病毒Pollen花粉Antigen抗原disulfidebonds二硫键SickleCellAnemia镰刀红细胞贫血Homozygous纯合的Autosomalaccessive常染色体隐性Denaturation变性Renaturation复性Alcohol乙醇Chloroform氯仿Urea尿素Curdle凝乳Perminghair烫发Ribonuclease核糖核酸酶i2-mercaptoethanol二巯基乙醇Ultrafiltration超滤Ultracentrifugation超速离心Electrophoresis电泳ionexchangechromatography离子交换层析chromatography层析UVabsorption紫外吸收Dyebinding染料结合Dialysis:透析semipermeablemembrane半透膜Sedimentationcoefficient,S沉降系数第二章核酸结构和功能NucleicAcids核酸Nucleotide核苷酸Nuclease核酸酶NitrogenousBases含氮碱Nucleosides核苷NucleosidePhosphates磷酸核苷Polynucleotides多核苷酸Pyrimidine嘧啶Cytosine胞嘧啶Uracil尿嘧啶Thymine胸腺嘧啶Purine嘌呤Adenine腺嘌呤Guanine鸟嘌呤Derivatives衍生物D-riboseD-核糖2-deoxy-D-ribose2-脱氧-D-核糖Pentoses戊糖glycosidicbond糖苷键anomeric异头碳triphosphates三磷酸glycogen糖原phosphodiesterbond磷酸二酯键Ribonucleicacid核糖核酸deoxyribonucleicacid脱氧核糖核酸Basepairs碱基对Canonical经典的majorgroove大沟minorgroove小沟Supercoil超螺旋Cruciform十字形duplexhelix双螺旋Negativesupercoiling负超螺旋palindromicregions回文区域nucleosome核小体Chromatin染色质nucleoproteincomplex和蛋白复合体histones组蛋白Diameter直径Eukaryotic真核的Transcription转录Prokaryotes原核细胞Polycistron多顺反子Eukaryote真核细胞Monocistron单顺贩子Intron内含子Exon外显子Splicing剪接Ribosome核糖体peptidyltransferase肽酰转移酶cytosol细胞浆Ribozyme核酶hyperchromic增色的Stackedbasepairs碱基堆积innativeDNAabsorblesslightHydrolysis水解Carcinogenesis致癌arylhydrocarbons芳香烃Smokedandgrilledfoods烟熏和烧烤食物alkylate烷基化第三章脂质代谢Amphipathic同时具有亲水和厌水部分的，两性分子的Triacrylglycerol(TAG)/Triglyceride(TG)三脂酰甘油/甘油三酯Phospholipids(PL)磷脂Glycolipids(GL)糖脂Cholesterol(CHOL)胆固醇Cholesterolester(CE)胆固醇酯carboxylicacid羧酸Saturated/unsaturated饱和的/不饱和的Margarine人造黄油、人造奶油Palmiticacid软脂酸;棕榈酸，十六（烷）酸Stearicacid硬脂酸，十八酸Linoleicacid亚油酸，罂酸α-Linolenicacidα-亚麻酸Arachidonicacid花生四烯酸Eicosapentaenoicacid(EPA)二十五碳五烯酸Docosahexaenoicacid(DHA)二十二碳六烯酸EssentialFattyAcids(EFA)必需脂肪酸Glycerol甘油Phosphatidylcholine磷脂酰胆碱、卵磷脂Phosphatidylethanolamine磷脂酰乙醇胺、脑磷脂cardiolipin一种磷脂，亦称双磷脂酰甘油。Sphingolipids鞘脂Sphingosine鞘氨醇sphingoidbases鞘氨醇碱steroidhormones类固醇激素adipocytes脂肪细胞Emulsion乳化Hydrophilic亲水Hydrophobic亲脂lipase脂肪酶Colipase辅脂酶Fatmobilization脂肪动员Lipolysis脂解hormone-sensitivetriacylglycerollipase(HSL)激素敏感性脂肪酶Glucagons胰高血糖素Adrenocorticotropichormone(ATCH)促肾上腺皮质激素Epinephrine肾上腺素Norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素Insulin胰岛素Beta-Oxidationβ-氧化作用acetyl-CoA乙酰辅酶AAcyl-CoAsynthetase酰基辅酶A合成酶acyl-CoAester酰基辅酶A酯Malonyl-CoA丙二酰辅酶A;carnitine肉碱acylcarnitines酰基肉碱CarnitineacyltransferaseI肉碱脂酰转移酶Icarbonylgroup羰基Dehydrogenation脱氢作用Hypoglycin次甘氨酸enoylCoA烯酰辅酶AHydration水化;水合，水合作用βhydroxyacylCoAβ-羟脂酰CoAThiolysis硫解Thioester硫酯Enolate烯醇化物propionyl-CoA丙酰辅酶aKetonebodies酮体Acetone丙酮acetoacetate乙酰乙酸β-hydroxybutyrateβ-羟丁酸acetoacetyl-CoA乙酰乙酰辅酶A3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A（HMGCoA）SuccinylCoAtranssulfurase琥珀酰辅酶A转硫酶Ketonemia酮血症Ketoacidosis酮症酸中毒Malonyl-CoA丙二酰辅酶AMalate苹果酸盐KS:β-ketoacyl-ACPsynthase酮脂酰合酶MT:malonyl-transacylase丙二酰基转移酶KR:β-ketobutyryl-ACPreductase酮脂酰还原酶DH:β-hydroxybutyryl-ACPdehydratase脱水酶ER:enoyl-ACPreductase烯脂酰还原酶AT:acetyl-CoA-ACPtransacetylase乙酰基转移酶TE:acyl-CoAthioesterase硫脂酶Monoacylglycerol(MG)pathway甘油一酯途径Diacylglycerol(DG)pathway甘油二酯途径Lysophosphatidate溶血磷脂Glycerophospholipid甘油磷脂phospholipase(PLA)磷脂酶Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱Sphingomyelin鞘磷脂Ceramide神经酰胺Multiplesclerosis多发性硬化cholelithiasis胆结石GallBladder胆囊Sitosterol谷甾醇β-sitosterol谷固醇β-ergosterol麦角固醇aerobic有氧的anaerobic无氧的Mevalonate甲羟戊酸Squalene鲨烯，三十碳六烯（角）Thyroxine甲状腺素Lecithincholesterolacyltransferase卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶pregnenolone孕烯醇酮progesterone孕酮,testosterone睾酮aldosterone醛固酮calcitriol骨化三醇coronary冠状动脉的lovastatin洛伐他汀（HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂）Lipoproteins脂蛋白CM(chylomicron)乳糜微粒VLDL:Very-low-densitylipoproteins极低密度脂蛋白IDL:Intermediate-densitylipoproteins中间密度脂蛋白LDL:Low-densitylipoproteins低密度脂蛋白HDL:High-densitylipoproteins高密度脂蛋白Apolipoprotein载脂蛋白第四章生物氧化BiologicalOxidation生物氧化Mitochondrion线粒体electrontransferchain(ETC)电子传递链Respiratorychain呼吸链Ubiquinone(CoenzymeQ,CoQ,Q)泛醌（辅酶Q）Cytochrome细胞色素prostheticgroup辅基Flavoprotein黄素蛋白flavinmononucleotide(FMN)黄素单核苷酸flavinadeninedinucleotide（FAD）黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸iron-sulphurprotein铁硫蛋白iron–sulfurclusters铁硫簇Nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide(NAD)烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（辅酶I）nicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate磷酸烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（辅酶II）isoalloxazine异咯嗪heme亚铁血红素lipoate硫辛酸Oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化Substratelevelphosphorylation底物水平磷酸化Chemiosmotictheory化学渗透理论ATPsynthaseATP合成酶Uncouplingprotein解偶联蛋白Thermogenin增温素2,4-dinitrophenol（DNP）2,4-二硝基苯酚（DNP）OligomycinA寡霉素Aα-glycerophosphateshuttleα-磷酸甘油穿梭malate-aspartateshuttle苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭，也称为苹果酸穿梭第五章氨基酸代谢一、蛋白质的营养价值营养价值:nutritionvalue营养必需氨基酸:nutritionallyessentialaminoacid营养非必需氨基酸:nutritionallynonessentialaminoacid营养半必需氨基酸:nutritionallysemiessentialaminoacid氨基酸模式:aminoacidpattern,AAP氮平衡:nitrogenbalance零氮平衡:zeronitrogenbalance正氮平衡:positivenitrogenbalance负氮平衡:negativenitrogenbalance蛋白质缺乏综合症:kwashiorkor消瘦:marasmus二、体内氨基酸的来源内肽酶:endopeptidase外肽酶:exopeptidase氨基肽酶:aminopeptidase羧基肽酶:carboxylpeptidase胃蛋白酶:pepsin肠激酶:enterokinase胰蛋白酶:trypsin糜蛋白酶:chymotrypsin弹性蛋白酶:elastase自身激活:autocatalysis寡肽酶:oligopeptidase二肽酶:dipeptidase氨基酸代谢池:aminoacidmetabolicpoolγ-谷氨酰循环:γ-glutamylcycle腐败作用:putrefaction胺类:amine酪胺:tyramine苯乙胺:phenylethylamine假神经递质:falseneurotransmitter氨:ammonia尿素:urea尿素肠肝循环:ureaenterohepaticcircle半寿期：halflife泛素：ubiquitin,Ub泛素活化酶：ubiqutinactivatingenzyme泛素载体蛋白:ubiquitincarrierprotein泛素-蛋白连接酶：ubiquitinproteinligase泛素化：ubiquitination蛋白酶体：proteasome谷氨酸脱氢酶：glutamatedehydrogenase谷氨酰胺合成酶：glutaminesynthetase天冬酰胺合成酶：asparaginesynthetase胆碱：choline乙醛酸：glyoxylate同型半胱氨酸：homocysteine胱硫醚β合酶：cystathionineβsynthase苯丙氨酸羟化酶：phenylalaninehydroxylase生物喋呤：biopterin二氢生物蝶呤还原酶：dihydrobiopterindehydrogenase三、氨基酸分解代谢转氨基:transamination转氨酶：transaminase(aminotransferase)丙氨酸转氨酶：alaninetransaminase(ALT);glutamicpyruvictransminase(GPT)天冬氨酸转氨酶：aspatatetransaminase(AST);glutamicoxaloacetictransaminase(GOT)磷酸吡哆醛：pyridoxalphosphate,PLP联合脱氨基（转氨脱氨作用）：transdeamination嘌呤核苷酸循环：purinenucleotidecycle氨基酸氧化酶：aminoacidoxidase丙氨酸葡萄糖循环：alanineglucosecycle鸟氨酸循环，尿素循环：ornithinecycle;ureacycle;krebs-henseleitcycle.氨甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ：carbamoylphosphatesynthetaseⅠN-乙酰谷氨酸：N-acetylglutamate鸟氨酸氨甲酰转移酶：ornithinecarbamoyltransferase;ornithinetranscarbamoylase.精氨酸代琥珀酸合成酶：argininosuccinatesynthetase(ASS)精氨酸代琥珀酸裂解酶：argininosuccinatelyase(ASl)精氨酸酶：arginase一氧化氮合酶：nitricoxidesynthase(NOS)高氨血症：hyperammonemia四、氨基酸的分类代谢脱羧酶：decarboxylase脱羧基作用：decarboxylationγ氨基丁酸：γ-aminobutyrate牛磺酸：taurine组胺：histamine5-羟色胺：5-hydroxytryptamine褪黑激素：melatonin单胺氧化酶：monoamineoxidase多胺：polyamine腐胺，亚精胺，精胺：putrecine,spermidine,spermine一碳单位：onecarbonunit甲基，甲烯基，甲炔基，亚氨甲基，甲酰基：methylgroup,methylenegroup,methenylgroup,formiminogroup,formylgroup.四氢叶酸：tetrahydrofolicacid二氢叶酸还原酶：dihydrofolicacidreductase腺苷转移酶：adenosyltransferaseS-腺苷蛋氨酸：S-adenosylmethionine(SAM)同型半胱氨酸：homocysteine同型半胱氨酸血症：homocystinuriaPAPS：3’-phosphoadenosyl-5’-phosphasulfate肌酸：creatine肌酸激酶：creatinephosphokinase磷酸肌酸：creatinephosphate儿茶酚胺：catecholamine多巴：3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(dopa)多巴胺：dopamine肾上腺素：epinephrine去甲肾上腺素：norepinephrine黑色素：melanine尿黑酸：homogentisate尿黑酸症：alkaptonuria苯丙酮尿症：phenylketonuria(PKU)白化病：albinism第六章酶和维生素糖复合物酶和维生素Enzyme酶Ribozyme核酶Alkaptonuria尿黑酸尿Homogentisateoxidase尿黑酸氧化酶Phospholipase磷脂酶Prostheticgroup辅基Coenzyme辅酶Cofactor辅因子Metalloenzyme金属酶Metal-cativatedenzyme金属激活酶Monomericenzyme单体酶Oligomericenzyme寡聚酶Multifunctionalenzyme多功能酶Multienzymecomplex多酶复合体Essentialgroups必须基团Activesite活性中心Nomenclature命名法Systemiaticname系统命名Commonname常用名Oxidoredcuctase氧化还原酶Transferase转移酶Hydrolase水解酶Lyase裂解酶Isomerase异构酶Ligase合成酶Isoenzyme同工酶Physiologicalsignificance生理学意义Thermodynamic热动力Catalyst催化剂Specificity特异性Allostericregulation变构调节Covalentmodification共价修饰transitionstate过渡态Induced-fitHypothesis诱导契合学说Activationenergy活化能Proximityandorientationeffects邻近和定向排列效应Electrostaticeffects静电效应Acid-basecatalysis酸碱催化Covalentcatalysis共价催化Velocity速率Internationalunit国际单位Katal催量Specificactivity比活性Michaelisconstant米氏常数theaffinity亲和力Turnovernumber转换数Optimumtemperature最适温度Bell-shapedcurve钟形曲线Hyperbolic双曲线Double-reciprocalplot双倒数曲线irreversibleinhibition不可逆抑制reversibleinhibition可逆抑制organophosphorouscompounds有机磷酸化合物competitiveinhibition竞争性抑制non-competitiveinhibition非竞争性抑制uncompetitiveinhibition反竞争性抑制sulfanilamide磺胺类药物tetrahydrofolate四氢叶酸rate-limitingenzymes限速酶Allostericregulation变构调节Negativecooperativity正协同效应Positivecooperativity负协同效应Aspartatetranscarbamylase天冬氨酸-转氨甲酰酶Covalentmodification共价修饰Methylation甲基化Acetylation乙酰化Adenylation腺苷酸化Zymogen酶原Proteolysis蛋白水解Autodigestion自消化Pathogenesis发病机理Phenylketonuria苯丙酮尿症Lipidsoluble脂溶性Liquidsoluble水溶性Beriberi脚气病Dermatophytosis脚气Riboflavin核黄素NicotinicAcid烟酸Retinol视黄醇Retinaldehyde视黄醛Retinoicacid视黄酸β-caroteneβ-胡萝卜素Cholecaciferol胆钙化醇Tocopherol生育酚Phylloquinone叶绿醌糖复合物Monosaccharide单糖Oligosaccharide寡糖Polysaccharide多糖Side-chain侧链Lysosome溶酶体Repertoire总汇N-glycosidicbond糖苷键Asn天冬酰胺Ser丝氨酸Thr苏氨酸Glutatransferase糖基转移酶Glycosidehydrolases糖苷水解酶Ribosome核糖体humanchorionicgonadotrophin人绒毛膜促性腺激素malignanttransformation恶性转移ulcer溃疡幽门螺旋杆菌Lectin凝集素Peroxisome过氧化物酶体Mitochondria线粒体endoplasmicreticulum内质网nucleus细胞核coreprotein核心蛋白Uronicacid糖醛酸Osamine糖胺Iduronicacid艾杜糖醛酸Glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸Anti-coagulation抗凝Lubricationaction润滑作用Cellularrecognition细胞识别Hydrophobic疏水的Hydrophilic亲水的Fattyacid脂肪酸Sphingosine鞘氨醇Acyl-coenzymeA脂酰辅酶ACeramidegalactosyltransferase神经酰胺半乳糖基转移酶Cerebrosidesulfotransferase脑苷脂磺基转移酶connectivetissue结蹄组织tendon肌腱ligament韧带cornea角膜cartilage软骨triplehelix三螺旋coiledcoil卷曲螺旋Anchoraging锚定Monomer单体disufiedbond二硫键Homologous-repeatingdomain同源重复结构域swallowfunction吞噬功能Atherosclerotic动脉粥样硬化Septicemia败血病Trimer三聚体第七章核苷酸代谢嘌呤：purine腺嘌呤：adenine鸟嘌呤：guanine次黄嘌呤：hypoxanthine黄嘌呤：xanthine嘧啶：pyrimidine胞嘧啶：cytosine尿嘧啶：uracil胸腺嘧啶：thymidine核苷：nucleoside核苷酸：nucleotide从头合成途径：denovopathway5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸：5-phosphoribose-1-pyrophosphate(PRPP)磷酸核糖焦磷酸激酶：phosphoribosylpyrophosphokinase谷氨酰胺磷酸核糖焦磷酸酰胺转移酶：glutaminePRPPamidotransferase腺苷酸代琥珀酸合成酶：adenylosuccinatesynthetase腺苷酸代琥珀酸裂解酶：adenylosuccinatelyase补救合成途径：salvagepathway腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶：adeninephosphoribosyltransferase次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶：hypoxanthine-guaninephosphoribosyltransferase腺苷激酶：adenosinekinase核酸酶：nuclease核苷酸酶：nucleotidase核苷磷酸化酶：nucleotidephosphorylase脱氨酶：deaminase尿酸：uricacid痛风：gout别嘌呤醇：allopurinol严重联合免疫缺陷综合征：severecombinedimmunodeficiency(SCID)氨甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅱ：carbamoylphosphatetransferaseⅡ天冬氨酸氨甲酰转移酶：aspartatetranscarbamoylase乳清酸：orotate嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶：pyrimidininephosphoribosyltransferase尿苷激酶：uridinekinaseβ-丙氨酸：β-alanineβ-氨基异丁酸：β-aminoisobutyrate核糖核苷酸还原酶：ribonucleotidereductase硫氧还蛋白：thioredoxin硫氧还蛋白还原酶：thioredoxinreductase胸苷合酶：thymidylatesynthase胸苷激酶：thymidylatekinase6-巯基嘌呤：6-mercaptopurine(6-SH)氮杂丝氨酸：azaserine氨蝶呤：aminopterin氨甲蝶呤：methotrexate5-氟尿嘧啶：5-fluorouracil第八章血肝胆生化非蛋白氮：non-proteinnitrogen白蛋白（清蛋白）：albumin球蛋白：globulin2,3-BPG:2,3diphosphateglycerate血红蛋白：hemoglobin卟啉：porphyrin原卟啉：protoporphyrin血红素：hemeδ-氨基γ-酮戊酸：δ-aminolevulinicacid,ALAALA合酶：ALAsynthaseALA脱水酶：ALAdehydratase亚铁螯合酶：ferrochelatase高铁血红素：hematin促红细胞生成素：erythropoietin,EPO运铁蛋白：transferrin铁蛋白：ferritin生物转化：transformation氧化反应：oxidationreaction还原反应：reductionreaction水解反应：hydrolysisreaction结合反应：conjugationreaction葡萄糖醛酸：glucuronicacid乙醇：ethanol乙醛：acetaldehyde乙酸：aceticacid脱氢酶：dehydrogenase胆汁酸：bileacid游离胆汁酸：freebileacid结合胆汁酸：conjugatedbileacid初级胆汁酸：primarybileacid次级胆汁酸：secondarybileacid胆酸：cholicacid鹅脱氧胆酸：chenodeoxycholicaicd甘氨胆酸：glycocholicacid牛黄胆酸：taurocholicacid甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸：glyco-chenodeoxycholicacid牛黄鹅脱氧胆酸：tauro-chenodeoxycholicacid脱氧胆酸：deoxycholicacid石胆酸：lithocholicacid7-α羟化酶：7-αhydroxylase胆汁酸的肠肝循环：enterohepaticcirculationofbileacid胆色素：bilepigment胆绿素：biliverdin胆红素：bilirubin胆素：bilin血红素加氧酶：hemeoxygenase,HO未结合胆红素（游离胆红素，间接胆红素）：unconjugatedbilirubin,indirectbilirubin.结合胆红素（直接胆红素）：conjugatedbilirubin,directb