2013年七度地产sap项目蓝图设计80技术basis training v

SAP--达SAP--达美咨林和1SAP2SAP3第21SAP2SAP3第2SAPStructurePhysicalViewFrontEndionSAPStructurePhysicalViewFrontEndionion/Front2tierarchitecture–CENTRALdatabaseandapplicationserveronthesameserver数据库与应用系统安裝在同一伺服器)3tierASAPsystemisidentifiedby一个SAP系统由以下 確认SIDorsystemID3charactersnaming3Systemnumber2digitnumber00992第3第4第4第5第5Lesson：什么是SAP系统Example:ElementsofanECCLesson：什么是SAP系统Example:ElementsofanECC6.0.DatabasenABAPschemaandaJava.ABAP:central.ABAP:Messageserver,Gateway,Manager(optional)ernet.Java:Centralinstance(oneJavaJavaeast.Java:Centralinstance-(Java)messageserverand(Java).Java:SoftwareDeploymentManager第6SAP第7SAP第7第8第8JAVA第9JAVA第9SAPStructure–FrontEnd第SAPStructure–FrontEnd第10R/3Logon(R/3登入步骤FrontEnd/CentralAdditionalApps.ServerDispatcherDBS…DVEBS…WorksDatabases第11R/3Logon(R/3登入步骤FrontEnd/CentralAdditionalApps.ServerDispatcherDBS…DVEBS…WorksDatabases第11SAPWorks(SAP工作进程第12CentralInstanceoffersalltheSAPWorks(SAP工作进程第12CentralInstanceoffersalltheSAPwork s–DVEBMGOnlyoneENQ sneededperSAPsystemAdditionalapplicationserverscanbeinstalled,runningDIA,BTCorSPO、UPD d:ps–ef|grepsap,viewSAP DIA:Work sforexecutingdialogsteps(SAPGUI)inuser 工作流程用以执行用户事务 UPD:Update sformakingU1(time-critical) 更新流程用以执行U1数据库的更改/(时间关键的time-UP2:Update sforexecutingU2(nottime-critical) 更新流程用以执行U1数据库的更改/(不是时间关键的nottime-ENQ:LockingorreleasingSAPlock锁定 SAP锁定组BTC:Executingand singbackground执 作SPO:Spoolformatting Gateway:Communication notherSAPandnon-SAPSAP系统与非SAP系统之间的通SAPSystemandSystemDefaultCustomerntsseparatingandbusiness第13 nt ntCntCSAPSystemandSystemDefaultCustomerntsseparatingandbusiness第13 nt ntCntC nt ntSAPStructure–LogicalSAPStructureofaSAPCCASAPsystemcanconsistsofmanynts.SAPStructure–LogicalSAPStructureofaSAPCCASAPsystemcanconsistsofmanynts.Antisidentifiedusing3digitnaminge.g110,一个SAP系统可由许多组成．一 由３个数字命名，例如110,CCntdependent/ntspecific–objectsonlyheparticularnt.组件只存在特 ntindependent/crossnt–objectcanbesfromanyntsinaSAP组件可由认何一个SAP系第14itory(ABAP,functionmodules,screens,tablesstructure,etc…Cross ntApplicationDataMasterDataand ionalDataCompanycode,sales ,materialgroup,payrollarea,etc…UserMasterDataUserIds,authorization1）描述SAP2）启动全部SAP1）描述SAP2）启动全部SAP系统或者单独的第15StartsesofStartsesoftheSAP第16第17第17StartingtheSAP第StartingtheSAP第18StartSequenceofsesStartSequenceofsesoftheSAP第191）第201）第20loggingoftheStartsloggingoftheStarts第21loggingoftheStartsloggingoftheStartsheSAP第22第23第231）停止全部SAP系统或者单独的1）停止全部SAP系统或者单独的第24BeforetheSAPBeforetheSAP第25theSAPtheSAP第261）描述在不同的操作系统下启动和停止SAP第1）描述在不同的操作系统下启动和停止SAP第27UNIX:第28UNIX:第28UNIX:第29UNIX:第291）第301）第30SAP第31SAP第31MSSQLMSSQL第32图第图第33图第图第34TroubleshootingStartup/Shutdown1DeterminewhetheristheTroubleshootingStartup/Shutdown1DeterminewhetheristheOracledatabaseortheSAP確认是数据库的问题或SAP实例启动的问题tartuperror2DatabaseerrorIstheOracleserviceandlistenerrunningOracle服务及Listener是否启动著ManuallystartthedatabaseusingbrtoolsandcheckforanyORA*****errormessages使用brtools以手工启动SAP数据库及检查是否有ORA*****的错误信息ChecktheOraclealertfilelocatedin在‘/SAP’目録中检查Oracle警戒档(alert存放在以上目録IsthefilesystemfullllyOraclearchivelog第35TroubleshootingStartup/Shutdown3SAPinstanceerrorAnychangesdoneTroubleshootingStartup/Shutdown3SAPinstanceerrorAnychangesdonetotheprofileparameters参数是否被更改4ChecktheOSlogforanyhardware,memoryoroperatingsystemserror.操作系统的问题Checkconnectionwithdatabase„r3trans–d„使用指令‘r3trans-d’检查系统实例与数位库的连接dFilecorrectlyorenvironmentvariableCheckthestartuplogsandtracefile检查启动日志(startuplogs)存放在以下目録(tracestderr*andsapstart.log-startuperrorsapstart*.trc–startuperrortracedev_ms-messageservertracedev_disp–dispatchertracedev_w*-workstrace第36COL1在windwos2unixCOL1在windwos2unix上作为daemon进程随sap3可以使用tcodeos06第371）2）使用Pro1）2）使用Profiles来调整系统参数3）第38SystemProfiles•Duringsystemstartup,thesystemSystemProfiles•Duringsystemstartup,thesystemparameterslikememorymanagement,worksettings,securityparametersandetc…)arereadfromthes体管理，工作流程设定，防護参数等都从系 存取•Theprofilesarereadaccordingtothesequencebelow•Theprofilesarelocatedin系 储存在以上目錄Alltheavailablesystemparametersandtheircurrentvaluescanbeviewedviareport可由RSPARAM报表中查取所有系统变量参数与当下设定值•第39ParameterReadSequence3DefaultprofileStartprofileCCNTsystemNTParameterReadSequence3DefaultprofileStartprofileCCNTsystemNT环NTRegistryread/2/1环第40R/3 R/3：ProfileFiles：ProfileFilesatOperatingSystem第41图28：Profile图28：ProfileFiles:第42ViewingSystemTPFYPROPTYViewingSystemTPFYPROPTYtable:可动态修改的参第43ProfileenanceProfileenance第44RZ10ChangingSystemProfiles•TochangeaRZ10ChangingSystemProfiles•Tochangeasystemparameter,selectINSTANCEprofileandBasisorExtended更改系统参数，选择INSTANCEprofile与Basis或ExtendedAlterorcreatetheparameters修改或创建必须的参数值••Saveandactivatethesettings.Thesystemwillpromptforaconsistencycheckbefore保存与激活设定.在激活前，系统会作一致性检查Restarttheinstancefortheparameterstotake重新启动实例,以使所更新的参数值生效•第451）第461）第46ConceptofOperationConceptofOperation第47AdjustingtotheAdjustingtotheLoad第48SettingUpOperationSettingUpOperation第49SchedulingOperationSchedulingOperation第50Control第51Control第51ProfileConsistencyProfileConsistency第52Background•Theadvantagesofrunningajobinbackground(BGD)areLongrunningtasks-ReduceloadonDIAwork—減少ＤＩＡ工作进程负担Background•Theadvantagesofrunningajobinbackground(BGD)areLongrunningtasks-ReduceloadonDIAwork—減少ＤＩＡ工作进程负担Performancee-Avoidusingtoomuchshared—避免使用太多的共享内存Mass -Batchinput, 批量输入，资料转换Schedulingof-Jobscanberunwhenthesystemhaslowloadlikeduringthe 可將作业编排在系统低负担时执行，如晚间及周日EachbackgroundjobrequiresaBGD每 作业都需要BGD工作进程s•第53ionSM36–manualschedulingofbackgroundSM36:EnterthejobionSM36–manualschedulingofbackgroundSM36:Enterthejobname.键入作业名1Selectajobclass/priority,eitherA,BC.ClassAhasthehighest选择工作类的优先权，可选A,B或Ｃ．工作类A有最高serverdefineswherebackgroundjobshouldrun.Ifleftblackthecurrentserverischosenbydefault.键入该项工作的执行目标主机如果沒有选择系SelectStartConditionto第54Backgroundsing–Start-2SelecthowthejobBackgroundsing–Start-2Selecthowthejobistobetriggered,timeevent选 作业触发的方式，时间触发或事件触发Fortimetriggered,itcanbestarted y,orscheduledonacertaorperiodically(hourly,daily…)（每小时，每天Foreventtriggered,itcanbestartedrightadefinedjobhasfinishedorafterasystemevent第55Backgroundsing–3ThebackgroundjobcanbeeitheranABAPprogramoranexternalOSscriptcalledfromtheSAPsystem(Backgroundsing–3ThebackgroundjobcanbeeitheranABAPprogramoranexternalOSscriptcalledfromtheSAPsystem(mand作业可以是SAP系统的ABAP程序或是操作系统外部命令／程.ForABAPprogram,enterthereportnameandthevariant.ABAP程序Thejobschedulingiscompleteafterthestartconditionandstepsaredefined.当开始条件及步骤已定义作业定义便完成Savethejob第56ion:SM37(SimpleJob事务代码：SM37(ion:SM37(SimpleJob事务代码：SM37(简单作业选择第57SM50–MonitorSystemWorks••••••SM50–MonitorSystemWorks••••••:Work:Update:Updatesforexecutingdialogsteps(SAPgui)inusersformakingU1(time-critical)databasesforexecutingU2(nottime-critical)database:LockingorreleasingSAPlock:Executingand:Spoolformattingsingbackground第页NoteMonitorforDIAworkpro swithhighruntime(Timecolumn).Itmightindicatetheprogrammigh vesome problems.Itisnotadvisedtokillarunningworkpro unlessi ngsanditisduetosomesystemerror.Todoso,selecttheworkpro sandgoto path:PRO S>CANCELWITHCORE.Youmighttowaitforsometimebeforethepro sterminates.工作流程及菜单 S>CANCELWITHSM04CurrentUserlogoninformation•ShowsthecurrenttareSM04CurrentUserlogoninformation•Showsthecurrenttareloggedon,thelastactivetimeandion显示当下终端登入用戶，最近活动時間与执行的事务Tologoff/killauser,doubleclickontheselecteduserID.Selecttheandclickon“END”中止某一用戶，以滑鼠按２下该用户ID．选择事Tokillalluser,gopath:USERLOGOFF.Select,第59SM21SystemLog•Thesystemlogshowsallevent,errorandwarningSM21SystemLog•Thesystemlogshowsallevent,errorandwarningmessagesrelatedtosystemand系统日志档列出所有有关系统和用户的事项，錯误与警告•TakenoteoftheRed/Pinklogmessages,particularlyerror留意红色或粉红tis•essageisidentifiedbyaMessageNumber.ClickontheSysLogDocbuttonforinformationaboutaparticular．•SearchtheSAPNotesfortheMessageNumberifmoretoresolveanerror. ,从SAPNotes中查尋sarerequiredonthecauseand第60ST22–ABAPruntime•AnABAPdump(alsoknownasashortdump)ST22–ABAPruntime•AnABAPdump(alsoknownasashortdump)isgeneratedwhenareportorionterminatesionSM21)theresultofaseriouserror.Thesystemrecordsthehesystemlogwritesasnapshot(dump)oftheprogramterminationtoa lABAPdump也称shortdump）是当一个报表或事务发生严重错误而产生的．系统将错误记録在系统日志档（事务代码SM21）及将该中ABAPdumpcanbecausedbymanyreasonsincludingsystemerror,databaseproblemanduser•ABAPdump•TroubleshootinganABAPdumprequiressomeexperience.CriticalABAPdumpmaycauseaorajobtofail,thusthebusiness s,whileotherABAPdumpsarelesscriticalandcause erruptionstotheSAPABAPdump的问题是需要一些实务经验．紧要的ABAPdump。然而，其它较不较紧要的ABAPdump，对SAP第61SM02Broadcastmessagetousers•SystemmessageisusedSM02Broadcastmessagetousers•SystemmessageisusedtobroadcastmessagetoalltareloggedontotheYoucanuseshortmessagestosendimportantinformationtotheusersofanSAP•Thesystemdisplaysamessageonlyoncetoeachuserduringalogon.Messagesdisplayedtousersassoonitissent.Ausermustactivelyacknowledgeasystemmessagebeforesheorhecancontinueworking系统消息将显示在用户登入系统时当消息传佈，消息会立即显示在用户的SAP系統界面，用户必须確认消息才可以继续使第62svtevent=ZBACKUP第63svtevent=ZBACKUP第63TransportManagementSystem（SAP传输管理系统SystemCntCntTypeofchangestothesystemCustomizedprogramsZMMReport,etc>itory/WorkbenchTransportManagementSystem（SAP传输管理系统SystemCntCntTypeofchangestothesystemCustomizedprogramsZMMReport,etc>itory/WorkbenchConfiguration(addMaterialgroup,etc..)定 >Customizing-Loaddata上載资料>ApplicationdataNOTCreateID(adduserALItont000>Usercreation–NOTCreatenewrofile/authorization创键新用户参数文件/>Customizing第64 itory(ABAP,functionmodules,screens,tablesstructure,etc…CrossntMasterMaster第65第65WorkbenchandWorkbenchandntitory第66第67第67第68第68第69第69TransportManagement第70TransportManagement第70ChangeandTransportSystem–transportchangesdoneinDEVtotheTESTandPRDThechangesaresavedtoTransport/ChangeRequest.2typesofCustomizing–changesdoneontheIMG,userWorkbench–changesdoneontheABAPion:STMS(TransportSTMS(传输路径Drag&dropnewsystemstoion:STMS(TransportSTMS(传输路径Drag&dropnewsystemstobeinsertedoDefinetransportroutesbyinsertingarrows;choosetypeoftransportDistributeandactivate1第71TransportManagementTransportRequestNaming转输要求(transport名规则•Theusr/sap/transdirectoryTransportManagementTransportRequestNaming转输要求(transport名规则•Theusr/sap/transdirectoryisTransportYPandsharednallSAPheWhenarequestisreleased,thefollowingfilesarecreated第72TransportionSE10Selecttheusername,typeofTransportionSE10Selecttheusername,typeofrequestandrequesta.Modifiable–Changesstillcanbeaddedorremovedfromthetransportrequest.Mustbe在可修改狀态下，传输要求（Transportrequest.-Nomorechangescanbedonetothetransportrequest.Itisreleasedandaddedtoimportbuffer.Itisreadytobe 及加入输入缓沖区等待输入上线系统第73Transport•TheanizershowsreleasedandTransport•Theanizershowsreleasedandreleased及 的transportheanizer第74••ion（EachSAP••ion（EachSAPsystemisassignedaQUEUE.Everyreleasedtransportwillbeothequeueaccordingtothetransport每一个SAP系统都会被分配一个QUEUE，每一个第75Thequeueshowsthetransportnumber,owner,descriptionandThequeueshowsthetransportnumber,owner,descriptionandGreen–snotbeentransportedtothe狀态是青色，要求未被传输到上线系统(production•Yellow–sbeen第76STMS–Executinga•EnterSTMS–Executinga•Entersystemandntwiththeoptionsshown•Enterthepasswordforsystemwhen第77STMS–Checkingthetransport••GotoExtrastpsystemlog.菜单->tpsystemSTMS–Checkingthetransport••GotoExtrastpsystemlog.菜单->tpsystemClickonicontogotothesecondlevelofthelogwhichcontainsindividualreturncodesforthetransportstepshetransport 图象将去到日志第二层,它包含了所有传输步骤在传输目録中所执行的个別结果值ImportImportsful,swarnings.GotothethirdleveloflogtodisplaytheImporterror.Notimported.GotothethirdlevelofthelogtodisplaytheerrorAnyImportterminatedduetosystemNeedtoyzedhe第78tpcheckalltpclearoldtpcheckalltpclearold第79SupportPackageand2typesofpatchesSupportpackagesSupportPackageand2typesofpatchesSupportpackagesKernel第80Alsoknownasbinarypatch.ConsistsofSAPsystemfileslike*.exe,*.dll,scriptsandtobe dontheOperatingsystem Containsupdates,fixesandenhancementtothefunctionalcomponents.Eachcomponente.gAPPL,HR,ABAPandABAPhascorrespondingsupport包含更新，修改和加強功能组件．每个应用组件都有相关的支持软件包ConsistsofABAPsourcecodechangestotheitory.Altoolisusedtoapply由ABAP程序，更改在 itory．有个特別工具用以申请支持软件包SupportPackage–CheckingGoSupportPackage–CheckingGopath>SYSTEM>US.->Pressthisbutton,systemwilldisplaythesupportpackagelevelofallthecomponents.按此按钮系统將显示详细的各软件组件的支持软件级別,第81Binary/KernelPatches–CheckingBinary/KernelPatches–CheckingBinary/kernelionSM51-ClickonRelease第82DownloadingSupportPackagesand••••DownloadingSupportPackagesand••••DownloadthepatchesKernelpatchesSupportPackagesThepatchesarezippedin*.CARor*.SARformat.UsethetoolSAPCAR.exetoextracttheCAR/SARfiles.Syntax:sapcar第83第84第84Kernel第85Kernel第85ApplyingSupportPackages1.ExtracttheHR/ABAP/APPL/BASISApplyingSupportPackages1.ExtracttheHR/ABAP/APPL/BASISCARfilesfromLoginonlyasuserDDICtoEnsureallusersareloggedntndnoSAPsystemactivities/batchjobsare4.ExecuteionSPAMandloadtheothe5.ClickontheDisplay/Defineandselectwhichcomponenttopatchandthepackage第86ApplyingSupportPackages6.toheApplyingSupportPackages6.toheimport.Itwillroughlytakeabout15-307.Whencompleted,youneedtoconfirmthequeue,8.TheusoftheSPAMqueuewillbegreen第87LessonSAProductionLessonSAProductiontotheSAPNoteAssistant:第88LessonSAProductiontoLessonSAProductiontotheSAPNoteAssistant:s第89ApplyingKernelPatch申请KernelApplyingKernelPatch申请KernelDownloadDW.SAR,R3TRANS.SAR,andTP.SAR(database-independent)andLIB_DBSL.SAR(database-specific).UnpackthefilestoatemporaryStoptheSAPsystem,databaseandallitsBackupthe\usr\sap\<SID>\exe\runCopythenewfilestothedirectory.Overwritetheold第90SettingUpA SAP••SettingUpA SAP•••ionSPADClickontheOutputdevicebuttonClickontheCreatebutton第91SettingUpA•Entertheernametobehesystem.AssignashortnamealsoSettingUpA•Entertheernametobehesystem.Assignashortnamealso(4chars键入打印设备名及其短名称（４个字•genericuitableDevicetypebasedontheer.IfnotfoundselectSAPWIN选择合适输出设备类型如果沒有适合的，就选用‘CNSAPWIN’(一般性•EntertheoptionalinformationontheEnterthespoolserver,thesystemwhere键入SPO工作流程执行的权限组,locationandnotesforthe•orks•OntheHostSpoolAccMethod,uitablesmethod–typeC,Sor方式，选择合适 方式－种类C,S或第页TypeC/U/L–Directoperatingsystem•TheTypeC/U/L–Directoperatingsystem•ThespoolserverandtheerisconfiguredontheSAPhost假脱机服务器与打印机是制定在SAP本身主机•Enterthenameofthe在操作系统层上设定打印机名twassetupontheOS第93TypeF–Frontend•TherequestissentTypeF–Frontend•Therequestissenttothedefaulteroftheuser‟s打印要求是输出到用户计算机的內定打印机TheSAPlpdprogramwillautomaticallystartontheuser‟sSAPLPD程序会自动启动在用户的计算机上••Enter heHosterfield第94TypeS–SAP•TheformattingproSAPprotocolsistransferredtoaremoteTypeS–SAP•TheformattingproSAPprotocolsistransferredtoaremotesystem(DESTINATIONHOST)via此流程形式是经由SAPprotocol输印到远端系统(DestinationHost)TheSAPlpdprogrammustrunonthedestinationhosttoreceive•ing•TheHosternameisthenameoftheerconfiguredontheremoteHoster名是在远端主机上设定的打印机名第95ainingtheainingtheSpool第961SAP2SAP用户管理、RFC3第1SAP2SAP用户管理、RFC3第97Authentications第98系统缓冲FieldActivity用户Authentications第98系统缓冲FieldActivity用户1.试2.3（當然﹐对用户的不合理的权限要求﹐信息中心也有責任退回第991.试2.3（當然﹐对用户的不合理的权限要求﹐信息中心也有責任退回第99SAP第100SAP第100WhatisanAuthorizationRole/Activity/ActivityGroupDontainerAuthorizationauthorization权限--fieldDefinedobjectsfieldvaluesaccordingtouser--fieldresponsibilitiesin--fieldvalues.•-long--field-techn第101-long-techn-long-technProfile-long-technWhatisanAuthorizationRole/Activity/ActivityGroupDontainerAuthorizationauthorization权限--fieldDefinedobjectsfieldvaluesaccordingtouser--fieldresponsibilitiesin--fieldvalues.•-long--field-techn第101-long-techn-long-technProfile-long-techn：Useraccount﹕就是平常说的账号也就是“USERID”Role﹕同类的USER使用SAP的目的和常用的功能都的﹐例如业务一定需要用到开S/O：Useraccount﹕就是平常说的账号也就是“USERID”Role﹕同类的USER使用SAP的目的和常用的功能都的﹐例如业务一定需要用到开S/O分为singleroleiterole两种﹐第102第103第103Property\UserDialoglogon(SAPX--XMultiple-RFCBackgroundjobXProperty\UserDialoglogon(SAPX--XMultiple-RFCBackgroundjobX-XXPasswordXX--LogonticketcanbeXX--第104第105第105第106第106第107第107：第108：第108Report：第109Report：第1095次，如需严格限制，则设置为3次（（设定（空闲用户自动断开login/disable_multi_gui_login（多次登录（多长时间过期第5次，如需严格限制，则设置为3次（（设定（空闲用户自动断开login/disable_multi_gui_login（多次登录（多长时间过期第110numberofcharswhichdiffernoldandnumberofcharswhichdiffernoldand第页1到46C系统的默认设置是不允许使用前51多长时间过期（最大1到46C系统的默认设置是不允许使用前51多长时间过期（最大第112：SM30-第113：SM30-第113建立第114建立第114第115第115第116第116第117第117第118第118第119第119第120第120如何查找某个Tcode第121如何查找某个Tcode第121如何查找某个Tcode第122如何查找某个Tcode第122123AUTHORITY-CHECKOBJECTIDFIELD123AUTHORITY-CHECKOBJECTIDFIELDID'CUSTTYPE'FIELDIFSY-SUBRC<>MESSAGE4设置Tcode的权限检查标识第页第124第124设置Tcode第125设置Tcode第125传输角色-第126传输角色-第126传输角色-第127传输角色-第127第128第128第页第页第130第130：Report:：Report:第131查找具有SAP_ALL第132查找具有SAP_ALL第132第页第页第134第134Cnt第135Cnt第135RolesandauthorizationprofilesionpermittedAuthorizations第136ObjectsRolesandauthorizationprofilesionpermittedAuthorizations第136ObjectsneededprotectionCompanyUserBfortaskABCUserAfortaskXYZSystemOSOperatingR/3OSOperatingAdmin.DSystemOSOperatingR/3OSOperatingAdmin.DVBOSOperatingDB.第137Presentoracle第138oracle第1381）解释RFC2）罗列不同类型的3）建立一个RFC1）解释RFC2）罗列不同类型的3）建立一个RFCRFC连接第139Lesson：RFC的基本原理和Lesson：RFC的基本原理和类1）解释RFC2）罗列不同类型的第140RFC的基本原理和类RFC的基本原理和类The第141Lesson：RFC的基本原Lesson：RFC的基本原理和类RFC第142Lesson：RFC的基本原Lesson：RFC的基本原理和类Overview:Typesof第143Lesson：建立RFC连1）建立一个Lesson：建立RFC连1）建立一个RFCRFC连接第144Lesson：建立RFC连Lesson：建立RFC连SettingupanRFC第145建立RFC连Testing建立RFC连TestingRFC第146SAP环境中的安UsersSAP环境中的安Usersand第147SAP–ServiceMarketplace支持••••SAPServiceMarketplacemainSAP–ServiceMarketplace支持••••SAPServiceMarketplacemainKnowledgebaseofknownerrorsand-DirectoryofallavailablelinksinServi