经典纪录片赏析第二季-猫眼看世界

1.Cats—playful1.Cats—playfulpats,fearsomefighters…deadlyTheybeguileus,intrigueus,andmercilesslyexploit他们迷惑我们，还无情地剥削我们ButhowmuchdowereallyunderstandtheseenigmaticweshareourlivesMillionsofushavecatsinourThey‘reoneofourfavoriteandyetwestillknowverylittleaboutYeah,he’sagoodInlastyear’sHorizon,werevealedwhatthecatsofonevillage去年的地平线栏目中，我们了一个村庄的喵星人们gotuptooncetheyleftthecatflap.Nowwe’retakingiteven现 更进一步Inaground-breakingscientificwe’veaskedsomeoftheworld’stopcatexpertstorun我们请了几位世界一流的喵星人来开展实investigatingthesecretsofourfeline我们的喵星人小伙伴的TofindouthowourcatscanunleashmorepowerthanaWhathappensinthemillisecondsbeforeyourcatI’dneverexpectedtoseeallof…anddiscoverthesecretweaponbehindtheirsuperbsenseof还有他们超强平衡感背后的Todelveevendeeperintotheirhiddenwe’refittingourcatswithstate-of-the-arttrackingdevicesand我们给这些猫们戴上了最先进的和机We’reaimingtocreatethedefinitiveguidetoyour我们想的是给你的猫定制一本指南Andoneofthemostfundamentalquestionswecanaskhowdoesthecatexperiencethe喵星人是如何体验的Tonight,we’llrevealhowourpetcatssee,smellandhearwiththesensesofasupremepredator.Inthisseries, ngsomethingWe’refollowing100catsinthreeverydifferent100togetaninsightintotheirsecret以期揭开他们的生活InthecrowdedterracesofHanoverincentralwe’retrackingcitycatslikeWithsomanycatscrammedintosolittleherremarkablesenseofsmellhasgoneintooverdriveandshe’sfeeling灵敏嗅觉其扰以致压力山大Justafewaway,intheleafystreetsofRottingdean,liveourvillageWithspacetoKali’susingherremarkableeyesighttohuntthingswebarely卡莉凭着敏锐视力去捕捉着我们几乎看不到的事物Andwe’regoingtocompareoururbanmoggiestoathirdgroupofI’vecomeintothecountrysidewhere,forthefirstwe’reattemptingtotracksfarmcats.Findingoutwheretheygoandwhattheyisthekeytounlockingtheirsecret是揭开他们生活的关键Hereatthefarmthey’relivingmuchastheirwildancestors在农场这里他们生活得还挺像其野猫老的TheyhavetohunttoeatandrelyontheirsensestoProfessorAlanWilsonandvetRichardHarveyfromtheRoyalVeterinary教授艾伦·威尔逊和兽医理查德·哈维来自兽医学havedevelopedcollarsthatcarryGPS他们开发了带有定位的项sowecanfollowourcat’severyThey’reusedtomakingthemforbigcatsinthewild,thesearethesmallestthey’veeverbuilt.SothisisalionThisisalionAnd…ThisisacollarforacheetahorawilddogoraSoobviouslyalittlelargeforaSoyou’vegotthesameantennaasalion所以你看天线装置和给狮子用的是一样的……butalltheelectronicsandthecircuitaresqueezedontothisoneusingsmallerSonowtothetaskatWe’vegottocollarourfarmThereyougo,Alan.Thank好了,Let’sgettoit.ShallIgrabacouple?Ok,开始吧。我就拿一对吧?ShallIdothisone?Yeah, Justunclipit?Yep,giveitapull.IthinkI’mluckybecausethisone’sallThereyougo.Yeah,Thereyougo.You’reall‘Thesecatshaveneverworncollars这些猫此前从未带过项圈Oh,he’snothappy。‘…andsomeofthemlookdecidedly哦，他不高兴了。有的猫看起来绝对是不了Oh,God.Shelooksabit哦，天哪。她有点警惕She’snotasfriendlyastheI’mnotapproachingherIthinkwe’llleaveheruntilOurcatsareallreadytogo,soforthenextwe’llbetracking,filming yzingtheireveryAlloftheinformationwe’regatheringfromour100100willbearrivinginThisisourhomeforthemonth-Cat一个月来我们都将安家在这儿喵Ourfarmcatshavenowallbeencollared,so,inafewwe’llbegettingourfirstinsightsintowhereandwhentheyMoreGPScollarsarebeingattachedtoourandourHanoverAndoverhere,theBBC’sResearchandDevelopment而在这里，BBCarepreparingthenextgenerationofcatcamsreadytogoout正在准备新一代的猫机晚上要拿出去用的sowecsocaptureacat’s-eyeviewoftheworld.Andallthisinformation,theGPSdata,thespecialist所有这些信息，GPStherestoftheinfowe’reaccumulatingaboutourwillbeporedoverbyourteamoftechnicalexpertsand都将由和科学家组成的团队来细细审sothatwecanbuildupthemostcomprehensivepictureofthewe’veeverOneofthebiggestquestionsourscientistsareaskinghowdocatsexperiencetheworldaroundthem?Tohelpanswerthis,we’regoingtoseehowtheirsenses为了回答这个问题，去看看他们的感官是如何演化的Tenweeksago,wefilmedrescuecatSmokeygivingbirthalitterofkittenshereattheCatsProtectionFirstoutwaswhiteandblackmale第一只是黑白相间的雄猫Andwe’vebeenfollowinghimeverThiskittenistheyoungestmemberofourAndbyfollowinghisdevelopmentfromdaywecanunderstandjusthowourcatsexperiencethe我们就能明白猫咪们是怎样体验的Thewildancestortothis ittleballoffluffwasasupremeAndthat’skeytofindingoutwhy,eventhoughwesharethesame这能帮我们找出，为何我们即使跟猫们同屋catssmell,hearandseetheworldina ydifferent他们对的嗅，听看方式都跟人类完全不同Today,Monty’sleavingthefamiliarityoftherescue今天，要离开救助中心的旧环境andheadingofftojoinourvillagecatpopulationin他将前去加入罗廷迪安的乡下猫了ThereweHowisAthisnewhomethere’salottotakeForhumans,visionisour sebutwhataboutMonty’seyesdidn’topenuntilhewasaroundaweek…revealingthebrightblueirisesthatmostcatsarebornByfourweeks,hecouldfocusenoughtoseehis四周后，他就能看得清他的anddetectdepthwellenoughtowalkwithout 还能看度是否会让自己摔落Well,Nowattenweeksold,hisblueeyesarechangingtoagolden10周后,他的蓝眼变成了金绿色asdepositsofthepigmentmelaninbuildupandhisvisualsystemisalmostatfullButacat’s-eyeviewoftheworldisverydifferenttoBiologistDrJohnBradshawhasbeenstudyingcatsforover25生物学家约翰·25BackatCatHQ,he’shelustorecreatecat在喵，他帮我们重现猫的视觉Ok,sothere’sthecomparisonbetweenhumanandcatWhatstrikesme yaboutthecat’sfieldofcoloursareprettymuchwashedoutandit’sallratherSowhythisvastWell,cat’seyeshavefewconesinthat’sthecolorreceptivecellsthatwerelyonbuildupacolorpictureoftheworld,theworldthatwe因此我们看这世界才会有彩像Onthispictureofacat’sretina,youcanseethere’snocentral这是猫的视网膜，你看它就没 whichistheareathatwehavewhichis ypackedwith而人类就有凹且布满了视锥细胞Inacat’seye,therearefarfewerofandthosethatthereare,arespreadoutovertheentireWhattheretinaispackedwithistheblackandwhitereceptorsthatworkmuchbetterindimthan nbrightAndbecauseindaylightrodsarenotverytheytendtogetalittlebitwashedout,soitisalittlebitmoreblurryandwashedoutthanourswouldAndwhenwemoveintonight-timeoratleastitgetsevenmoreinteresting,doesn’tYeah,whathappensatduskisthat,firstofall,oureyes yshuttheypickupverylittleAllwecanreallyseeisabitoflightintheskyandprettymuchnothingWhereasinthecatyoucanseethatthecatisstillgettingareallydetailedofwhat’sgoingonontheground,andthat’sessentiallydowntotwoOneisthat’seyehasaboutfivetimesasmanyrodsinitasours5Andthey’vegotanotherfeaturewhichhelpsthoserodstoevenmoreefficientlywhichistheshinybitbehindthethetapetum,whichwedon’thavebutifyoushineatorchinacat’syoucanseeliterallythatgreeneyeshinecomingThisreflectivelayerbounces ingbackthroughthecat’sretinaasecondboostingitslowlightvisionbyupto最多能帮猫提亮40%的低光图像It’s10pmandvillagecatSandwichisouton10Hereyescanseeclearlyinjustonesixthofthelightthatoureyes眼睛只需要人眼所需光亮的1/6就能看清，allowinghertospotthefoxcreepasthergarden.AndtocapturethisShe’sseeingtheworldjustasherwildancestorswouldhave她观察的方式与其祖先一模一样OurdomesticcatsaredescendedfromprettymuchnocturnalthatdomostoftheirhuntingatnightorduskandSowhatweessentiallyhavetodayaneyewhichworksmuchbetteratnightthanduringtheeventhoughourmoderncats,ourdomesticcatsdon’treallyneedbecausewehaveelectriclightforThat’sofnorelevancetothey’restillusingavisualsystemthatevolvedmillionsofyearsCat’seyesevolvedtohelpthemspottheirpreyinlowwhereasprimateslikeuswhosleepatnighthaveeyesthatevolvedtoworkbestintheday.Lightlevelshavefallenenoughnowformyeyestobegintobutacat’svisionevolvedtoserveitwellinthisbecauseduskanddawnwerepeakhuntingtimesforitswild因为黄昏和黎明正是猫的祖先的猎食期Butwhileourcatshaveretainedtheirancestors’waysofseeingthewhatabouttheirHavetheiractivitypatternschangedwit被驯养后的他们有没有改变了行为呢WewanttoknowifourcatsarestillmostactiveatdawnandWe’vefittedtheirGPScollarswithmotion我们给他们装的GPSsowe lifthey’rerestingoroutandSo,Harvey,we’rebeginningtogetsomedatafromourWhatdothese lSowhatwe’relookingathereisplotsfromeachofourthreeTheinnercitycatsontheleft,ourvillagecatsintheandthefarmcatsonthefarrighthere.Andwe’relookingattheaverageactivityfromtheandthat’sinblackoverthetwodaysthatwe’vetrackedthemforWe’reseeingquiteanobviousspiltoururbancatsandourfarmcatsyouseethefarmcats,they’re orethroughthenightandatdawnandWhereaswithoururbancatstheyseemtobethroughoutthewholedayreally.Thesensesofourcat’swildancestorswerefinelytunedforhuntingatandthat’swhenourfarmcatsaremostButwiththesamewhyareourcitycatssoactiveduringthe,so,Alan,howcanweunravelIthinkourfarmcats,theyarehuntingtosothey’regoingtogooutandhuntwhenthey’remostDawnandduskiswhenthepreyanimalsareThey’rehuntingrats,they’rehuntingsothat’swhenthey’regoingtobeoutandIthinkourdomesticcatshavebeendomesticatedformanyandquitealotoftheiractivitypatternprobablytowhattheirowners ngandwhentheirownersareThehousemaybewarmintheeveningcostheheating’stheownermaybethereandfeedingthem.Ithinkthey’reexploitingwhatresourcesareavailabletoAndtobehonest,theownersareoneoftheresourcesthey’llSodespitebeingbornwiththesamesensesasthefarmoururbancatsmaybeadaptingtofitinwithIsitdinnertime,Miss该吃饭了吧，皮吉It’sthefirsthintwe’vehadthatthemodernworldourcatsliveisclashingwiththousandsofyearsof与其数千年来的进化产生了Ourcatsmayseebestinlowlight,buteveninbroaddaylight,theycanspotthingswebarelynotice.Three-year-oldBengalKaliisoneofourvillagecats.3岁的孟加拉猫卡莉是一只乡下猫。ShespendshourschasingSometimesthey’reoutinthegardenandyouthink,“Whatarethey有时看她们在花园里你会想，“她们究竟在追什么They’rehuntingsomethingbutInormallycan’tseewhatitKalicandetecteventhetiniestfly,movingsofastwecanhardlysee卡莉甚至能看到最小只的，它飞得太快以致我们都看不清Flies,insects,anythingthatmoves,WhileourbrainsgetswampedwithinformationaboutpatternsandthroughKali’seyes,fastmovementtrumpsAsshestalkstheflies,hereyessendsignalstothebrain’svisualcortex,她在追逐时，眼睛将信号传送至大脑的信号中枢， yseswhat’schangedbetweenonepictureandthenextupto70timeseverysecond-fasterthanthehuman70AndafarbiggerproportionoftheneuronsthannervecellsinKali’s卡莉大脑里的神经元要比神经细胞有着的arededicatedpurelytothedetectionofmovement.Shealmostcan’thelpbutThecombinationoflowlightandaremarkableabilitytodetectmadeiteasyforthecat’swildancestortostalkthepreyitreliedonforButthere’sadownsidetotheseevolutionaryOncethepreywascloseenoughtocatch,itwentoutofInfacts,catscan’tfocusonanythingcloserthanabout30But,ofcourse,naturehastakencareofthatasWheretheireyesfailcatsrelyonanotherperfectlyadaptedsensetogoinfortheWe’vesetupanexperimenttorevealjusthowourcat’ssecretweapon我们设计了一场实验来揭示猫咪们这一的原理Thecmera nfullHDresolutionupto2,700framesa这机能录下每秒2700帧的全分辨率Iwouldhavethought20to30timeswillget我预计 30次就能搞定了JohnBradshawishotheseultrahighspeed约翰·布拉德肖希望这些速willcapturethisextraordinarysensoryorganinItreallyisvery,veryI’veseenstillphotographsofit我见过那过程的静止butthere’snothinglikeactuallyseeingthewholeSoIthinkwegotitButitisvery,veryJohn’stryingtoobservethecat’sastheymoveforwardintotheattackLet’sjusttakethetoyawayforasecondand我们先把玩具拿开一会儿然后Canwehavealookatwhatwe’vejustOk,sohereweThecatrealizesthemouseiswithinhisbuthewantstoknowexactlywhereitisinrelationtohisItseyesgiveupbecausetheycan’tfocusveryThat’swherethewhiskerstakeSowhatwecanseehereisthewhiskerssuddenlybeingsweptAndnowtheclawsarecomingintoSowhatwe’vegothere,thewhiskersarepointingalmostdirectlyinfrontofthecat’sInfact,he’scatchingthemwithhisashesweepsroundtryingtocatchtheButthelittlemusclesatthebaseofeach但胡须根的小肌arereallytugginghardtoswingthose youtofthenormalposition.I’dneverexpectedtoseeallofItallseemstotakeplaceinaboutafifthofa这一切似乎都发生在约1/15秒whichjustshowshowfastcat’sreflexesreallyfromthepointwheretheysweepthewhiskerswherethemusclescontractandthenrelaxandthewhiskersspringbackThemousedoesn’thaveaFarthickerandlongerthannormalwhiskersalsositthreetimesdeeperinthe3倍深植于皮下wheretheyattachtonerveendingslingthecathowfareachisbeingbentbackandhowTheirwhiskersarethesamewidthasthecat’ssotheycannavigatethenarrowestCatsalsohavewhiskersabovetheireyesandontheirsendingthemaconstantstreamofinformationastheysensetheworldaroundTheevolutionofsuperblowlightvisionandhypersensitivewerecriticalforthecat’sroleasasupremeButifthat’sallthecathadinitshuntingarsenal,itwouldneverhave但如果猫咪们就只有这两样捕猎，那他们连活都活不了Miceandotherrodents,thecat’smainprey,aremostlyhiddenfromsoanothersensewasjustascrucial-Catsarealmost ydeafatSoasaallourkittenMontycouldhearwasadullbuzzaround幼猫所能听到的就只有周围闷闷嗡嗡Butbyaweekold,hewasrespondingtospecificsoundsandbyfourweekshecouldorienthimself4towardsthedirectionasoundwascomingButbackinBrighton,oururbanmoggiesaren’talways不过回到布赖顿，城里猫可就不theirhearinginquitethewaytheirwildancestorswouldhave其野猫们那样使用捕猎了CatbehaviorexpertDr 猫行为·艾丽丝博‘hasbeenstudyingjusthowourcatsheartheSarah,clearlycatsare ligenttoassociatecertainsoundswiththearrivalofbuthowgoodaretheyathearing?Well,reallyOneofthethingsthatmakesthemsogoodathearingdifferent他们能那么厉害地辨别各种不同声音的因isthesehugeearsthattheyThesestructuresarecalledpinnaeandtheycanusethoseastoreallyboostButalsotheyusethemtohelplocatewherethesoundOurearsareprettyfixedonthesideofourheadbuttheirearscanrotateindependentlyofoneAndthosemovementscanbeupto180degrees.180度的旋转都没问题。Yeah,Imean,it’sprettyextraordinary,isn’t对啊,这真是太不可思议了,是吧They’reconstantlylisteningoutsoundsbehindthem,beforethem,abovethem,below在自己前后上下TheabilitytorotatetheirearsisjustthefirstindetectingwheresoundiscomingOneofthewaysishowquicklythesoundcomestoeachSothere’llbeatimedelay…Atinytimedelay,Yep,very,very对,很小很小的延迟buttheyhaveahugenumberofneuronsthatgofromthetothebraintodecipherthatinformation,morethanwedoas连到大脑来解译信息,Thetime whetherasoundistotheleftorrightofAndcorrugationsinsidetheeardistortthedependingonwhetherit’scomingfromaboveor耳内褶皱会相应地声allowingcatstopinpointasound’spreciselocationinjustafractionofaOurcat’searsalsofarsurpassourownintherangeof猫咪们的耳朵所能听到范围也远大于人theycanhear,about11octavesin他们总共约能听到11个八度awiderrange mostanyotherTheycanhear,ifwethinkaboutlow他们能听到,比如说低频音吧asthesamerangeasus,ifyouButifweextenduptowardsthehigh但就算是高频音theycanhearactually ytwooctaveshigherthan2AndthatrangeiswhatwecouldcallAndthat’sgreatbecausethey’veadaptedreallytothesoundsthattheirpreymakes,sosmallrodentssuchas其猎物会发出,比如老鼠这样的小型啮齿动物thesoundstheymakewillbeinthatultrasound它们就能造出超声波范围Thisgivesourcatsaccesstoawholeworldof这让猫咪们能听到整个世界that’s yinaudibleto听到我们完全听不到Toseethisinaction,we’veusedspecialist眼见为实,totransmitultrasoniccallsfrommice,ratsandinsidethehousesofsomeofthecatsinourThesoundsareallabove2222whichshouldbewelloutsidetherangeofahumanTheirownersareNo,Icannothearanyanimal没有，我没听到任何动物Yeahcan’thearathing,nothingatall,notaButonceweletthecatsin,it’sadifferentIttakeslessthanaminuteforthemtolocatethesourceoftheIt’sonlybyloweringthefrequencythatwecanenterthecat’sandhearthismousealmostastheyOurcat’swell-honedsensesevolvedtoequiptheirwildwiththetoolstheyneededtoWeonlystartedtreatingthemaspetsaround100years100Inevolutionaryterms,that’stheblinkofaneyeandthey’vehardlySowhathappenswhenthesensesthatevolvedforsurvivalinthecollidewiththedomesticatedcat’sThree-year-oldDaisyisoneofourvillagecats3岁的黛西是我们研究的一只乡下猫andlike80%ofthecatsinourstudy,shehasacatflaptoget和研究小组内80%的猫一样，她有个猫洞可供外出ButDaisyrefusestouse但黛西不想用猫洞Trappedinside,sherarelyventures受困家中，她也很少外unlessshecanpersuadeahumantoDoyouwanttogoDoyou pentheComeon,then.Goon,OffyouWehaveacatflapthat,youDaisycancomeinandoutofasshesobutshe’dmuchratherusetheandwethinkthisisbecauseshe’sterribly,terriblyandjustrefusestodoworkthathumanscandoforSoshe’dmuchratherstandandwaitforthedoortobethanactuallySheistheprincessSheistheprincessTooposhtoAnd ngthatVetRachelCaseytacklesproblemcatbehavioronadaily兽医蕾切尔·andshebelievesDaisy’siscausedbysomethingfarmorefundamentalthansheerExperiencedthroughthesensesofherwildthissimplepieceofplasticcanbe这小小一块塑料板是很的CatflapsareverydifferentthingsforpeopleandforNowyougoofftothepetstoreandyoubuywhichsayscatdoororcatflapanditmakessensetoyoutohavealittleholethat’sconvenientforusforcatstogoinandButfromacat’spointofview,it’reallysmallthatshecan’treallyseethroughveryshecan’tsmellwhat’sontheoutsideandshecan’thearwhat’sgoing她闻不到外面的气息也听不到外面It’salmostlikeRussian它就像是个俄罗斯赌Soshe’scomingthroughintoakindofcompletewithoutanyofhernormalsensestobeabletoworkifthere’sanythreats不知道外面是否有在黛西看来，一扇大开的门更有thanatinyflapthatgiveshernoopportunitytoscanfor因为狭小的猫洞让她没法侦测是否有Ithinkthekeythingistotryandconvinceherthatthereisn’tathreat我觉得关键是要让她相信外面完全没有Yes.Andprobablythebestway ngthatisgivingherThecoverwillgivehertimetousehereyesandearstospotany遮蔽点让她有时间去使用眼睛和耳朵来发现ButcansomethingsosimplereallychangeDaisy’sTofindout,we’reinstallingacamerathat为了探明这个，我们安装了个everytimethecatflapisWe’vegotaRaspberryPisinglandthecameramodulewhichisattachedto上边连着个模块Ifwecangetthecatflaptodoweshouldbeabletoseeithappening…andthereweWiththecoverinplaceandthecameracapturingevery有了遮蔽点和头的willDaisybepersuadedtopush?Aweeklater,thefamilycomestomeetRachelatCat一周后，这家人来到喵回见蕾切尔Butourcatflappicturesshowthatnoteverythinghasgoneaccordingto但我们的猫洞画面显示并非一切都按部就班o,nicetomeeto!How’sthegorgeousShe’sfabulous,yes,reallygood,thankNowyoucanseestraightawaythatDaisyisn’talwaysbeingonherowntogothroughthecatdoor.No,that’sIdon’tknowwhosearmsthoseNo…Aretheyyourarms?...it’s…Myarm.是你的手吗？手。好吧ButwedoactuallyhaveDaisy.SoDaisyisusingitsothisisobviouslynight-quitedarkandshe’sgoingthroughonherButthenshe’sbeinghelpedagain.Ah,Ok,yes,Oh,beinghelpedagain.Mm,Averyniceselfie…ThankTherearelotsmorepicturesofpeoplethanwedoof人的要比猫的多了Thereisrather,isn’tIknowit’sreallyandyou’redesperatetogethertogooutthroughthatbutI’mnotsurethatit’shelhercossheneedstobeabletoworkitoutherself.DespitealltheunwantedtheresultsshowDaisyisstartingtousethecatflaponherSohereisthedaythatweputtheinterventionintohereonthisdayinthemiddleYep.Youcanseebeforehand,sixdaysbeforeshe’susingitalittlebit.6Afterwardsshe’susingitabitThat’sinteresting,Probably,Iguess,doubletheamount,soithasRachel’shelpmeansDaisycannowusehersensestoscanforthreatsinherterritory.来侦测她领地内的Andourcatcamerasarerevealingjusthowmuch而我们的猫机也揭示了猫咪allourcatsspendpatrollingandmonitoringtheworldaround花了多少时间来巡逻和身边的世界Butifyoureallywanttoscopeoutyourthere’soneplacethat’sbetterthananyUpPixielikesverymuchtositontopofthesothatshecanlookdown,that’sthewallsothatshecanlookdownonalltheworldbeneathanditpresumablymakesherfeelYeah,Ricedoeslovehigh-upOneofhisfavouritebedsisupontopoftheOzzielikestoclimbthetree,getrighttotheandthenmeowveryloudlytoshowushe’suptheAndthenwhenwe’veseen jumpbackdown然后我们再他跳下来Acatfeelsmostsecurewhenit’sabletoobserveeverythingaroundsooftenthatmeansreachingahighvantagepoint.Andthat’snoproblemforabecauseofitssuperbsenseofbalanceandextraordinarynaturalTheaveragemoggiecanperformstuntsthatinuswouldsimplybeScalingasheerverticalrightingthemselveswhilefallingthrough从半空中落下时修正自身andbalancingonthenarrowestledgewithPartofthereasonforthisextraordinarysenseofisthevestibular是系统Likeus,catshavefluidfilledtubesinsidetheirinnerAtthebaseofthesetinyhairscalledstereociliadetectanymovementinthelingthecatitsspeed,it’sdirectionandwhichwayisButtheyalsohaveananatomicaladvantagewedon’ttheirAttheRoyalVeterinaryCollege’sStructureandMotion在兽医学院的结构和运动里AlanWilsonisstudyingjusthowthetail艾伦·Soshe’sonthebeamherewhichisandyoucanseeit’sswingingaroundonthesefoursothisisreallyquitechallenging,evenfora所以对猫来说，这也是挺有性的ItwouldbeimpossibleforustowalkonAndifyoulookathertail,she’sholdingitstraight看尾巴，她把尾巴竖直andifshefeelsherselfgoingtotheside,losingshecandrivethetailtoonesideorthelikethepolethatatightropewalkeruses,justtokeepthatItneverceasestoamazemejusthowagilecatsThey’rethegymnastsoftheanimaltheycanputtheirfeetexactlywheretheyneedtotocontroltheirIftheworldisswinginglikethisbranchis, useherTheGPScollarshavebeentrackingdozensofoururbancatsGPS项圈已经记录了许多城里猫showingwheretheyaretoanaccuracyofwithinaAndbackatHQ,ourscientistsareusingthese在喵里，科学家们正用这些追踪数据tocomparethebehaviorofindividualcats.Ok,soI’mjustgoingtopullupMinky’sdataShe’soneofourHanoverJohn’sspottedoneyoungcitywhosetracesuggestsshe’sbehavingTofindoutwhy,he’scalledintheownerstohaveaKateand etoCat凯特和安娜，欢迎来到喵You’reMinky’sfamily,right?米奇是家的是吧？是的YouverykindlyletusputacollaronMinkytofindoutwhereshe很感谢让我们给米奇装了项圈记下了它去过的地方SothisisyourbitofBrightonandthelittlebitofitthatisMinky’s.这是的布赖顿那一小点就是米奇What’sreallyinterestingaboutatracklikethisisshe’smovingaboutalotbutshe’snotgoingveryShe’sclearlycapableoftravellinghalfwaydownthebutshedoesn’tdoMinkyisobviouslyanactivebutherGPSresultsshowthatthedistanceshetravelsfrom但GPS轨迹显示她离开家的活动范islessthanhalfthatofourothercityWhenJohnlookscloselyatthefootage, esclear当约翰仔细查看了后就明白heroddbehaviormightbelinkedtohersenseofAw!SothisisyourbackItis,yeah.ThisisclassicMinky,sortofcreeandSoyoucanseeshe’ssniffingallthewayaroundthedeckingouttheback她在木板上一路来回onthecornerofthatplant,onthepot,onthegroundSo,isshe,incatissheconsciouslyunhappyandanxiousatthis是不是她在的时候就一whenshe’ssniffingoristhatputtinghumanfeelingsontoNoIthinksheprobablyisquiteanxious.Whatwe’dreallylike sputacamerainthere,willthatbe我们很就是装个头到那里，这样可以吗Yeah,thatwouldbereallyThisiswhereMinklyspendsmostofheranditlookslikeaperfectlypleasantandpeacefullittlebutclearlysomethingiscausingheranxiety.Sowe’veriggedsomeCCTVcamerasin所以我们在那儿装了些andwe’vebeenfilmingwhat’sreallygoingItturnsoutthisgardenisnotquiteasemptyasitInjust2424ourcameracaught10visitsfromthreedifferentintruder头拍下了3只外来猫了10次Evenwhenshe’snottheretofightthemoff,theirvisitsstillcauseherSheknowsexactlywhat’sgoingonbecauseofherincrediblesenseofEvenasanewbornwhenourkittenMontycouldn’t即使刚出生还看不andcouldbarelyhear,hissenseofsmellwasfullyandhecouldsniffhiswaytoreachhismother’s他都靠嗅觉找到喝奶Infact,hecouldevendistinguishthesmellofoneteatfrom事实上，他甚至能够分清不同的味道andsowouldalwayssucklefromthesameone.并一直只喝一个。Thecat’ssenseofsmellisIt’ssomuchbetterthananditmeansthatthere’sawholeworldthatthecatshaveaccessthatweasownersareentirelyunawareof.ThereasontheyhavesuchagoodsenseofsmellisthestructureoftheirTheyhavelittlescrolledboneswhichsitrightupinsidetheAndthey’recoveredinthousandsofreceptorswhicharepickingallthescentinformationthattheybreatheinwiththeandtakeittoapartofthebraincalledtheolfactoryScientiststhinkthatthecat’ssenseofisatleast100timesbetterthanour100Butcatsdon’tonlysmellwiththeirTheyhaveahiddensecondarysmell他们隐藏有第二嗅觉Jacobson’sorganismadeupoftwofluidfilledabovetheroofoftheAsthecatbreathesin,theorganpumpsfluidintothe当猫吸入空气时， 会释放液体到嘴里WhenthefluidisdrawnbackupthecatcandetectminutetracesofchemicalodourspresentintheSmellingthroughtheirmouthlikethisproducesaverydistinctiveThatkindofgrimacewecallaflehmenItdoesn’tonlyhappeninourdomesticItalsohappensinlargercatsasIfwelookatthisfootagehereofa我们这段里的狮子Youcansee ngakindofcharacteristicflehmenwhereshe’sdrawingascentintoherJacobsonorgan.Jacobson’sorganhasonemaintodetectthesmellofothercats,evenwhenthey’relongEverysteptheytake,ourcatsleaveatrailofscentbehindintheirsprayandfromglandsontheircheeks,flanksandeventheirIt’sthesescentpathsthatarecausingproblemsforBysmellingthetrailssheknowswho’spassedhowlongagotheywerethereandifanynewcatsaremusclinginonherWe’veseenMinkysniffingaroundtheandwhatthiskindoffootageprovesisthatit’stheother看了我们知道是附近的其intheneighbourhoodthatarecausingherthe猫咪造成了困扰Idon’tthinkMinky’saloneinthisatIthinkthereareplentyofothercatsaroundthe我觉得内还有许多其他的猫whoarestressesbythiskindofthingandtheirownersareunawareofbecausealotofitisallaboutHopefully, ofthestudy,we’llknowalotmore希望研究结束时，我们能够地了what’scausingherstressandindeedhowwecandealwith orerelaxedit’ssomethingthatallcatsrelyAndforourfarmcats,it’sForthesecats,scentmarkingisavitalcommunication对这些猫而言，气味标记是重要的一种沟通TheirwildancestorsweresolitarythatrarelycamefacetofacewithoneSosmellingthescentleftbyothercatsallowedOh,hejustfelloffthe啊，他就跳下桶了allowedthemtomakesenseofwhoelsewasWithoutleavingchemicalmessages,pheromones,intheirourfarmcatswouldstruggletofindamate,allthefarmmalesareButthere’sevidencethattheirpheromonesmusthave但有表明她们的信息素必须吸atleasttwovisitingSowhatwehavehereisanestofkittensbornhereonthe 1Oh,lookat lmethestory,doweknowwhothemotherisandwhothedad那么我们知道他们的是谁吗Well,themother’sa ,orangeandblack他们是只花斑猫，橘黑相间AndjudgingbythecoatcoloursoftheIt’squitepossiblethattherearetwodifferentfathers很可能会有两位存becausewe’vegotablackkittenwhichalmost因为那只黑毛的猫宝宝十有hasadark-coloured也有个黑毛的猫andthenwe’vegotthegingerkittenswhichwillalmost而那只姜黄色的猫宝宝十有haveaginger是有个姜黄色的猫Forthisonelitterofkittenstohavetwodifferentdadsisn’tunusualin像这样一窝猫宝宝有两位的情况在猫类中并不少见Studieshaveshownthatinsomeover70%ofsinglelittershavemultiple超过70%的猫宝宝们有着多位Andthefemalecatswillwantto manymalesas母猫会想尽可能地吸引公soshehassomeShewillcomeintoseason, starttosmell她会进入期，气味也会有所改变andthat’swhatwillattractthemalestoherandthosepheromonesthatsheemitswillattractthosefromasmuchas So, y,withaspeciesthatdoesn’tcomeinto所以最终,withanotherindividualve