倒装句讲义-高三英语二轮复习

1．完全倒装当作状语的here,there,now,then,down,up,out,,in,awayoff等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或表示地点的介词短语intheroom,ontheway等置于句首且主语为名词时，句子要完全倒装。但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。Johnopenedthedoor.Therestoodagirlhehadneverseenbefore.Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.Thencamethechairman.那时总裁来了。1.Nowcomesyourturntomakeashortspeech.2.Onthetopofthemountainsatagiantman.3.Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.句子练习：1.黑暗中传来一个他从来没有听过的声音。Outofthedarknesscameavoicehehadneverheardbefore.2.他的脑中闪过一位英雄战士的形象。Throughhismindflashedtheimageofaheroicfighter.3.站在前门的是Jane的丈夫，他在找不到Jane的时候非常焦急。AtthefrontdoorstoodJane’shusbandwhosufferedgreatanxietywhenshewasnowheretobefound.4.他僵硬的脸上有一种恐惧和仇恨的表情。Onhisrigidfacetherestoodanexpressionofhorrorandhatred.5.在她的前面是另一条长长的通道，她正好看到免子匆匆向远处跑去。Infrontofherwasanotherlongpassageandshejustmanagedtocatchsightoftherabbithurryingdownit.当句子的主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。Hereitis.给你。=Hereyouare.Awaytheywent.他们走了。Such位于句前作表语功能：为了突出强调表语内容，可以使用such引导的全部倒装结构。例：1.Suchisourhomeinthefuture.2.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.句子练习：1.这就是“有志者事竞成”这个真理。Suchisthetruththatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.2.这就是成功的秘诀，多一点点努力，多一点点决心，你就能创造出多一点点的奇迹。Suchisthekeytosuccess—alittlebitmoreeffortsandalittlebitmoredeterminationwillcreatealittlebitmoremiracle.(3)“Therebe”句型be动词可用stand,live,exist,lie,remain,seem,appear等来代替，其形式为“There＋谓语＋主语”。Therestandsatoweronthetopofthemountain.therewas/livedakingintheforestThereis/liesariverinfrontofthehouse.(4)表语置于句首时为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分，可将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语等置于句首，构成完全倒装形式，即“形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。PresentatthemeetingwereexpertsfromEurope.出席会议的是来自欧洲的专家。(形容词短语)Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.席地而坐的是一群年轻人。(过去分词短语)Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutten.躺在地上的是一个大约十岁的男孩。(现在分词短语)山顶有座塔。2．部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.Onlyyou,yourself,canhelpinEnglishlearning.(2)否定副词never,nor,neithernot,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely等及表否定意义的介词短语atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition，innoway等置于句首时要部分倒装。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.Welaughatjokes,butseldomdowethinkabouthowtheywork.我们对笑话感到好笑，但很少思考它们是如何好笑的。hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...,nosooner...than...,Nosoonerhadthegamestartedthanitbegantorainheavily.比赛刚一开始，天就下起了大雨。(3)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用部分倒装结构so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;sodothosewithdisabilities.Youlikemusic,andIlikemusic,too.Youlikemusic,sodoI.Youcanswim,socanI.Youdon’tlikemusic,Neither/nordoI.(4)为了强调某种情绪，可以使用so/such...that...倒装结构。例：1.Duringtheexam,sonervouswasIthatmymindwentblank.Duringtheexam,Iwassonervousthatmymindwentblank.Suchafinedayisitthatwe'dliketoplayoutside.=SofineadaythatItisSuchafinedaythatwe'dliketoplayoutside.天气如此好以至于我们想去外面玩。天气如此好以至于我们想去外面玩。2.Soexcitedwashethathecouldn’tgotosleep.So＋adj./adv....that.../Such＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n....＋that...“如此……以至于……”。Socoldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.句子练习：1.我震惊得睁大眼睛，目瞪口呆。SoshockedwasIthatIwasdumbfoundedwithmyeyeswideopen.2.他非常绝望，借酒消愁。Sodesperatewashethathedrownedhissadness.3.她心事太重，因此没听到妈妈的问题。Sobusilyengagedwashermindthatshefailedtohearhermother’squestion.4.他的吼叫声实在太猛烈、太可怕，吓得小猫从他身旁跳开了。Sofierceanddreadfulwashisroarthatthecatjumpedawayfromhiminalarm.(5)Notonly...butalso...“不仅……而且……”，Notonly后是主谓倒装，butalso后是正常语序。Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butmedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.Notonlyisheateacher,butheisalsoapoet.他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。(6)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首，构成部分倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Childasheis,heknowsalotaboutthehistoryofChina.Heisachildbutheknowsalot.Although/thoughheis,heknowsalot.⑤在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)。Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.尽管很累，他还是继续工作。Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn'twanttobuyit.他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。Tryashemight,hedidn'tpasstheexam.尽管尽力了，但他考试还是不及格。(7)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had,were,should常提到主语前面，构成部分倒装。WereIateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.＝IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.在含有were,had,should的if虚拟条件从句中，可省去if把were,had,should移至主语前面。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=ifyouhadcomehereearlier,youwould要是你早来一些，你就会遇到他了。注意：在if条件句中，如果有not，则not不能提前。Haditnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Icouldn'thavedoneit.=Ifithadnotbeenfor...如果没有你的及时帮助，我无法完成这个事情。二、部分倒装强调动作发生的时间功能：为了强调动作发生的时间，可以使用not...until...倒装结构。例：④当“notuntil...”置于句首时，until从句的主谓不可倒装，而只是主句需要倒装。Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.Wedidnothavesupperuntilhereturned.直到他回来，我们才吃晚饭。Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.Itis/wasnotuntilhereturnedthatwehadsupper.1.Notuntilthefiredieoutdidhewakeup.2.Notuntilheclimbedintobedwashefreetothinkabouti