Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元检测题-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit1ScienceandScientists单元检测题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ASmartKidsFestivalEvents

"SmartKids"isacollectionofonehundredeventsscheduledinOctober.Thisyear,itisexperimentingwithPayWhatYouDecide(PWYD).Thatis,youcandecidetopayforwhatyouwantorcanafford,afteryouhaveattendedanevent.Youcanpre-bookeventswithoutpayingforaticketinadvance.Herearesomeofthedirector'spicks.WalkontheWildSideNotticketed,Free

JoinstorytellerSarahLawtohearsciencestoriesaboutanimals.Alongthewayyou'llmeetallsortsofbeautifulcreaturesanddiscoverlifecyclesandthefoodchain.It'sbestsuitedtochildrenaged5—9.Childrenunder8mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.IntroductiontoWavesPre-book,PWYD

Subjectsrangefromsoundwavestogravitywaves,andfromwavesoflighttocrashingwavesontheocean.MikeGoldsmithexploresthefundamentalfeaturessharedbyallwavesinthenaturalworld.ScienceintheFieldNotticketed,Free

Thisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesofgatheringfirst-handdataonvariousfieldtrips.Comealongforinspiringandinformativestoriesstraightfromthescientist'smouth.JoinMarkSamuelstofindoutmoreinthisfun-filledworkshop.FestivalDinnerPre-book,£25perperson

Whetheryouwanttoexploremoreaboutfood,orjustfancyatalkoverameal,joinustomarkthefirstsciencefestivalinLondon.Whichfoodsshouldyoueattotrickyourbrainintothinkingthatyouarefull?FindoutmorefromTomCrawford.1.Inwhicheventcanyoudecidethepayment?A.WalkontheWildSide. B.IntroductiontoWaves.C.ScienceintheField. D.FestivalDinner.2.Whowilltalkaboutexperiencesofcollectingdirectdata?A.SarahLaw. B.MikeGoldsmith. C.MarkSamuels. D.TomCrawford.3.Whatdothefoureventshaveincommon?A.Family-based. B.Science-themed. C.Pickedbychildren. D.Filledwithadventures.B

Imagineaworldwhereyoumovearoundinfrontofapersonalcomputerinyourownsoundspace.Youlistentoyourfavoritesongs,playloudcomputergamesorwatchamovie—allwithoutotherpeoplehearingthesound.Thatisthepossibilitypresentedby"soundbeaming,"anewtechnologyfromNovetoSystems,anIsraelicompany.

OnFriday,thecompanypresentedadesktopdevicethatsendssounddirectlytoalistenerwithouttheneedforheadphonesoraspecialreceiver.NovetoSystemsgaveTheAssociatedPress(AP)achancetotestitsSoundBeamer1.0beforeitsdebut.TheAP’sLouiseDixonwritesthatlisteningtothedeviceislikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie.Thesoundseemssocloseitfeelslikeitisinsideyourearswhilealsoinfront,aboveandbehindthem.

Novetoexpectsthedevicewillhavemanyuses.Officeworkerscouldlistentomusicorconferencecallswithoutothershearing.Peoplecouldplayagame,amovieormusicwithoutwakingupothersinthesameroom.Becausethedevicedoesnotuseheadphones,itispossibletohearothersoundsintheroomclearly.

Thedeviceusesa3-Dtechnologythatfindsandfollowstheearpositionofthelistener.Itsendsultrasonicwaves(超声波)tocreatesoundpocketsbytheuser’sears.Soundcanbeheardinstereoor3-D.The3-Dmethodcreatessoundonallsidesofthelistener.Bychangingasetting,thesoundcanfollowalisteneraroundwhentheymovetheirhead.Italsoispossibletomoveoutofthesoundbeam’spathandhearnothingatall.

Whiletheideaofsoundbeamingisnotnew,Novetowasthefirsttolaunchthetechnology.ItschiefexecutiveofficerChristopheRamsteinsaidasmallerversionofthedevicewillbereadyforreleasetoconsumersnextyear.4.WhatdoweknowaboutSoundBeamer?

A.It'sadeviceappearinginthesciencefictionmovie.

B.Listenersgetitssoundthroughareceiver.

C.Itcanpreventothersoundbeingheard.

D.Asmalleronewillbeonmarketsoon.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"debut"inParagraph2mean?

A.Newversion. B.Firstappearance.

C.Anotherfailure. D.Somedoubt.

6.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphtellus?

A.Howthedeviceworks. B.Howtousethedevice.

C.Thedevice'sadvantage. D.Whythedeviceisinvented.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theintroductionofanewdevice—soundbeamer.

B.Theusageofthe3Dtechnology.

C.Theinfluencebroughtbysoundbeamer.

D.The3Dtechnologyandlisteningexperience.CWhataScientistIsLike

Ifyouwereaskedtoimagineascientist,whatimagewouldcometoyourmind?Thecommonideathatmostkidsfromkindergartenthroughcollegehaveofascientistisamanwearingawhitelabcoatwithmessyhair,bigglasses,andseveralglasscupsofmysteriouscolourfulliquidsgivingoffcloudsofsmoke.Asforadults,themajorityviewscientistsasstrangepeoplewhospend100hoursaweekslavingawayinalonelylaboratory.However,therealityisquitedifferent.

RecentlyI'vehadachancetotakepartinascientificexperiencefarfrommylaboratoryandintoCostaRica.ItsupportsahugeamountofwildlifeduetoitsgeographicalplacementbetweenNorthandSouthAmerica.Itishometomorethan500,000species,whichareatpresentnearly4%ofthetotalspeciesworldwide!

Firstweworkedalongsideconservationiststopreservewildlifeataleatherbackturtle(棱皮龟)rescuecentre.Wehelpedthevolunteerspreserveturtlepopulationsbyremovingrubbishfromtheshorelinetocreateasafeenvironmentforturtleeggstocomeout.AfterthatwestayedatMountArenalwherewestudiedseismicactivityrelatingtoearthquakes.DuringourstayatArenal,werodeoverthemountainousareasandtookalongwalkthroughtherainforest.Afterreachingthetop,wewentdownandthroughwaterfallstothebeautifulvalleybelow!Onthelastdaywegotahands-onintroductiontorocketsciencewherewelearntaboutnewrockettechnologythatwillbeusedontheinternationalspacestation.

DuringmyCostaRicaexperience,Iknowthatbeingascientistdoesn'tmeanworkinginalaballdayandnight.Ascientistisonewholoveslearningandgettingabetterunderstandingoftheworldfromhelpingpreservewildlife,learningaboutearthquakesorinventingrockets.Ithinkthatschoolsshouldreallystressthatscienceissomuchmorethanwearingalabcoatandmixingchemicals.Kidsneedtobeawareoftheexcitementandadventuressciencecanbring!Accordingtothefirstparagraph,scientistsareoftenbelieved_____.

A.toworkasslaves B.tobehaveinastrangeway

C.tospendtoomuchtimeinlabs D.todoexperimentsinmessylabs

8.Howdidtheauthorhelptopreservetheturtlepopulations?

A.Bycreatingasafenestforturtles.

B.Bypickinguprubbishfromtheshoreline.

C.Bycollectingtheturtleeggsonthebeach.

D.Byfindingacomfortableenvironmentforturtles.

10.Whatdoestheauthorlearnaboutsciencefromhisexperience?

A.Scienceisfullofboringexperiments.

B.Scienceismorethanworkinginalab.

C.Scienceisrelatedtomysteriousliquids.

D.Scienceisaboutwildlifeandearthquakes.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toencouragekidstostudyscience.

B.TotellthestoryoftravellinginCostaRica.

C.ToexpectmorepeopletotravelinCostaRica.

D.Tosharethesecretsbehindsciencephenomena.D

WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.

Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.

WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.

ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.

Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).

Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodemarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.

Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid.

"ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid.

"Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.

Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.12.Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare_____.A.followingthelatestworldtrend B.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.workingharderthaneverbefore D.relyingonforeignarchitects13.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment. B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle. D.Itsdiversefunctions.14.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes. B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques. D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.15.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld. B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities. D.Recreatetheminpractice.第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Characteristicsofanexcellentscientist

TheFreeDictionarydefinesascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences,especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.___16__Let'slookatsomecharacteristicsofanexcellentscientist.Curiosity.

___17__

ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork.Ifascientistdoesn'thavethedrivetoaskquestionsorevenwonder,thenhe/shewillnevergettothefirststageofthescientificprocess.Patience.

___18__

Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.Evenifyouthinkyouhavereceivedsomeeducationonscience,youstillhavealotofscientificresearchtodo.Ifyou'reaninstant-gratification(即时满足)typeofperson,thismaynotbethebestchoiceforyou.Ethicalqualities.

Inordertotrulydiscoveranduseknowledgeforthegreatergood,ascientistmusthaveadesiretoimprovepeople'slifeaswellastheenvironmentandlivingthings,sincetheyarealllinkedandtheycanaffectoneanotherinthelongrun.Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonaloroutsidecommercialinterests.Stickingtoanoldbeliefcontradictedbyevidenceisdishonest.__19___Workinghabits.

Anexcellentscientisteventakesnotesofthesmallestobservation,keepingitinmindandrecordingit.

___20__He/Shealsoneedstocommunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.Networkingskillsconnecthim/herwithcolleaguesworkingonsimilarprojectswherehe/shemaydiscoversomethingnew.A.Tomakediscoveriesinhumanknowledge,youhavetothinkdifferently.B.Anexcellentscientistmustbeverycuriousaboutthings.C.Oneofthemainplacesthatmanyscientistsworkinistheresearchlaboratory.D.However,thatbeliefshouldn'tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.E.He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroups,dependingonwhat'sneeded.F.Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.G.Italsodefinesascientistassomeonewhousesscientificmethods.第三部分语言知识运用第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Doyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientist?Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull

21

ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhicharenot

22

onobviousfacts,andthereforerefusestoacceptauthorityastheonlyreasonfortruth.Healwayschecksideas

23

andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.

Theriseofmodernsciencemaybeconsideredto

24

asfarbackasthetimeofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford,wholivedbetweentheyears1214and1294.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddleAgestosuggestthatweshouldlearnscience

25

observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself

26

manyimportanttruths.

Galileo(1564—1642),

27

,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly,France,Germany,andEngland,whobegantoshowhowmanyimportant

28

couldbediscoveredbyobservationbydegrees.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmorerapidlytowardstheearththansmallones,

29

Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo

30

stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItisGalileo's

31

ofgoingdirecttonature,andprovingour

32

andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathas

33

allthediscoveriesofmodernscience.

Whatmakesthosepeoplegoodscientists?FromtheexampleofGalileo,weknowclearlythat

34

scientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave

35

betterresults.21.A.use

B.sense

C.speed

D.trust

22.A.relied

B.based

C.insisted

D.centered

23.A.casually

B.carefully

C.quickly

D.privately

24.A.date

B.keep

C.look

D.come

25.A.in

B.with

C.on

D.by

26.A.brought

B.discovered

C.handled

D.announced

27.A.however

B.therefore

C.seldom

D.never

28.A.truths

B.problems

C.investigations

D.subjects

29.A.although

B.because

C.when

D.if

30.A.big

B.small

C.similar

D.unequal

31.A.spirit

B.skill

C.theory

D.wish

32.A.plans

B.opinions

C.world

D.ability

33.A.ledto

B.turnedto

C.setup

D.putforward

34.A.reasonable

B.successful

C.expert

D.sensitive

35.A.foreseen

B.rejected

C.produced

D.challenged第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Cholerausedtobeoneof_____36_____(frightening)diseases.Intheearly19thcentury,when

_____37_____outbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeopledied.Butneitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.ABritishdoctor,JohnSnow,wantedtosolvetheproblemandheknewthatcholerawouldnotbecontrolled

_____38_____itscausewasfound.Ingeneral,thereweretwocontradictorytheories

____39______explainedhowcholeraspread.Thefirstsuggestedthatbadaircausedthedisease.Thesecondwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfrom_____40_____(germ)infoodorwater.JohnSnowthoughtthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededproof.SowhenanotheroutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,hebegantoinvestigate.Laterwithalltheevidencehe______41____(gather),JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Therefore,hehadthehandleofthepump_____42_____(remove)sothatitcouldn'tbeused.Throughhisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.What'smore,JohnSnowfoundthatsomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthat___43__(pollute)byrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikely_____44_____(get)cholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.ThroughJohnSnow'sefforts,the_____45_____(threaten)ofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.第四部分:写作第一节应用文写作(满分15分)46.

假设你是李华,与你以前的外籍教师Mrs.Green—直保持联系。Mrs.Green得知你校将在下周举办科技节,她来信询问你校该活动的安排。请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。

(1)介绍你校科技节(科技活动及其成果展示,如智能机器人竞赛等);

(2)活动的意义;

(3)希望她有机会来你校参加活动。注意:(1)词数不少于80;

(2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯;

(3)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:ScienceandTechnologyFestival科技节DearMrs.Green,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,读后续写(满分25分)47.阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。

Whenshelookedaroundherhouse,BettyMargaretsawlotsofelectronics.Alongwiththeusualthingslikeherlaptopandsmartphone,

therewereallofherkids'electronicdevices:cellphones,videogamedevicesandmore!Thereseemedtobemorethanenoughwaysforherandherthreechildrentobeonlineallday,everyday.

Mrs.MargaretworriedthatherkidswerebecomingtoodependentontheInternetandelectronics.Thenshebegantorereadoneofherfavoritebooks,HenryThoreau'sWalden,whichgaveMrs.Margaretanidea.Thoreauspent2yearsinasimplecabinwithoutrunningsuchluxuriesascomputersandelectronicdevicesforawhile.

Mrs.Margarettalkedwithherkidsandexplainedthatshewantedthefamilytotrylivingfor6monthswithoutInternet,cellphones,TV,andvideogames.Mrs.MargaretwrotearticlesforanewspaperinAustralia,andhadwrittenseveralbooksaswell.Shetoldherchildrenthatiftheyagreed,shewouldwriteabookabouttheirexperienceandtheycouldgoonatripabroadwiththemoneyfromsalesofthebook.Herthreechildrenagreed,and"theexperiment",asMrs.Margaretcalled,began.

Overthecourseoftheexperiment,theMargaretchildrenhaddifferentreactionstolifewithoutelectronics.Beforetheexperimentbegan,Anni,theeldestofthechildren,readbooksmorethanheryoungerbrotherandsister.Shethereforehadarelativelyeasyadjustmenttothefamily'snewlifestyle.Annicouldalsousethelibrary'scomputerforherhomework.Bill,wholovedtoplayvideogamesbeforetheexperimentbegan,hadtofindawaytospendallofhisnewfreetime.Hestartedtospendmoretimepracticinghissaxophone(萨克斯管).Susan,theyoungestchildinthefamily,hadthehardesttimeadjustingtolifewithoutelectronics.Shefeltrestlessforthefirstweeksandlater,influencedbyhereldersister,begantofindinterestinthenovelexperiencesbroughtbyvariousbooks.注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;

2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph1:

Uponhavingtheirdailyfamilygatheringafterdinnery,Mrs.Margaret,wearingamysterioussmile,announcedthebignewsthattheyhadcometotheendof"theexperiment".________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:

Thevividdescriptionoftheirtrueandfunnyexperiencetowardthenewlifestyleundeniablycontributedtothepopularityofthebook.________________________________________________________________