如何做好高中英语阅读理解

如何做好高中英语阅读理解如何做好高中英语阅读理解如何做好高中英语阅读理解如何做好高中英语阅读理解编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:如何做好高中阅读理解阅读最基本的要素——词汇词汇是一点点积累起来的，从现在开始一直到高考，每天按照自己的情况去定量背单词，也可以每天保持一小段时间的泛读，是活跃英文思维、积累词汇的最好方式之一，这个时间可以是早晨、午休、甚至是睡前。不要去执着于读了多久或读懂多少，只要明确一点，即读了就比没读好。阅读最重要的原则——顺序“顺序”原则，即出题的顺序和行文顺序基本一致。阅读理解的题型无外乎三四大题型：细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题，但不论哪种题型出题的顺序一般都遵循“顺序”原则。细节理解题直接细节题：此类题是对原文直接信息的考察，只要理解字面意思即可答题。间接细节题：此类题往往不能直接找到答案，需要对信息进行加工处理，简单归纳、概括才能答题。是非判断题：此类题型有两种形式：三对一错或三错一对。一般情况下此类题中出现all,never,only等完全肯或完全否定的词时，及排除。排列顺序题：此类题一般在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后让考生进行排序，做这类型题根据事情的发生的先后顺序或时间顺序以及句子间的逻辑关系。图文匹配题：这类型的题比较简单，因为它增加了试题的直观性，此类题分两种：一是依文选图；二是依图选文。数字计算题：此类题会涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等计算。做这类型题，把文中出现的数字全都做上标记，找出相关计算方式计算即可得出答案。（2）推理判断题（要求精读文章）1）细节推断题：通过文章的字面意思领悟作者的言外之意和文章的真正含义。这类题得精读文章，理解文章真正含义。态度倾向题：这类题得通过理解文章基础上判断。篇章结构题：这类题型要求考生必须对文章结构、作者的写作思路掌握。写作方法题：要求必须知道一些写作方法的英文写法。比如举例子、下定义、对比等。主旨大意题1）段落大意题和文章大意题：概括、归纳文章大意。此类题学生要学会一“找”；二“概括”找文首、文尾、文首和文尾、文中、段首、短尾、段首和短尾；利用找到的信息进行归纳概括。2）写作意图题：在理解文章大意基础上判断作者写作意图。主要还是理解文章主旨大意。3）标题归纳题：选标题切记不能太大，即与主旨大意里的远，显得空洞。；不能太小，即标题只含有文章部分内容，不全面。（4）词义猜测题1）代词猜测：此类题在词义猜测题中是属于简单题型，只要结合上下文理解代词所指代的对象是谁即可。熟词语境义：此类型题词语均是大纲词汇，只是要结合上下文理解在语境中的意思。超纲生词：此类题是词义猜测题中较难的，需要考生对文章理解的基础上猜测生词的意义，要求考生词汇量要丰富。通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。读理解的解题核心——定位“定位”即每一道题我们在原文中都能找到它出现的位置。但怎么准确的定位是我们学习的关键。（1）先读问题，了解问了“什么”。（2）读问题，找出问题关键词。（3）文中定位。（4）根据定位句解题，如果定位句不够全面，就结合段落中心句，定位句的上句加下句，组成解题“黄金三角区”进行解题。总结：正确选项一定要“定位”到原文，有“对应”，有“改写”；而错误选项则是“定位”错误、“无中生有”、“拼凑细节”、“偷换概念”、“扩大范围”和“凭借常识”。1、掌握高中英语阅读理解解题技巧；2、熟悉细节理解、推理判断、猜测词义、观点态度、主旨大意等阅读理解的基本题型。(1)Yourglassesmaysomedayreplaceyoursmartphone,andsomeNewYorkersarereadyfortheswitch.Someinthecitycan’twaittotrythemonandusethemapsandGPSthatthefuturisticeyewearislikelytoinclude.“I’duseitifIwerehangingoutwithfriendsat3a.m.andgoingtothebarandwantedtoseewhatwasopen,”saidWalterChoo,40,ofFortGreene.Thesmartphone-likeglasseswilllikelycomeoutthisyearandcostbetween$250and$600,theTimessaid,possiblyincludingavariationofaugmented(增强的)reality,atechnologyalreadyavailableonsmartphonesandtablets(平板电脑)thatoverlaysinformationontothescreenaboutone’ssurroundings.So,forexample,ifyouwerewalkingdownastreet,indicatorswouldpopupshowingyouthenearestcoffeeshopordirectionscouldbeplottedoutandcomeintoviewrightonthesidewalkinfrontofyou.“Asfarasamainstreamconsumerproduct,thisjustisn’tsomethinganybodyneeds,”saidSamBiddle,whowritesforG.“We’reaccustomedtohavingonethinginourpockettodoallthesethings,”headded,“andtheaverageconsumerisn’tgonnabeabletoaffordanotherdevice(装置)that’shundredsandhundredsofdollars.”9to5GooglepublisherSethWeintraub,whohasbeenreportingonthesmartphone-likeglassessincelatelastyear,saidheisconfidentthatthistypeofwearabledevicewilleventuallybeascommonassmartphones.“It’sjustlikesmartphones10yearsago,”Weintraubsaid.“Afewpeoplestartedgettingemailsontheirphones,andpeoplethoughtthatwascrazy.Samekindofthing.Weseepeoplebendingtheirheadstolookattheirsmartphones,andit’sunnatural,”hesaid.“There’sgonnabeimprovementstothat,andthisastepthere.”【文章大意】作者介绍了一种迷你手机型的眼镜的用途,以及不同的人对它的不同看法。1.Oneofthepossiblefunctionsofthesmartphone-likeglassesisto.A.programtheopeninghoursofabarB.supplyyouwithapictureofthefutureC.provideinformationaboutyoursurroundingsD.updatethemapsandGPSinyoursmartphones【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“...informationontothescreenaboutone’ssurroundings.”可知,这种迷你手机型的眼镜有地图和GPS装置,可以在屏幕上显示你周围环境的信息,故答案选C。A、D表述错误;B项没有提到。2.Theunderlinedphrase“popup”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.developrapidlyB.getroundquicklyC.appearimmediatelyD.gooverautomatically【解析】选C。根据上句可知,这种眼镜的屏幕上会显示你周围环境的信息,因此当你逛街的时候,指示器会立刻为你指明最近的咖啡馆并绘制方向路线。3.AccordingtoSamBiddle,thesmartphone-likeglassesare.A.necessaryforteenagersB.attractivetoNewYorkersC.availabletopeopleworldwideD.expensiveforaverageconsumers【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据SamBiddle的话“...beabletoaffordanotherdevicethat’shundredsandhundredsofdollars.”可知,他认为这种眼镜对于普通消费者来说是昂贵的,故答案选D。4.Wecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatthesmartphone-likeglasses.A.mayhaveapotentialmarketB.areascommonassmartphonesC.arepopularamongyoungadultsD.willbeimprovedbyanewtechnology【解析】选A。段落大意题。最后两段是用Weintraub的观点来说明这种手机将会有很大的市场。B、C项还没有实现;D项没有提及。(2)Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedLampbrella,alamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrella.ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.“Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy(伞篷)builtintoastreetlamp.”hesaid.TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors(传感器)thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.Inadditiontotherainsensor,there’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyisclosed.Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled(安装)at2metresofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction,BelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment,andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文,主要介绍了设计师Belyaev的一项创造Lampbrella及它的工作原理、安全性、应用前景等方面的知识。1.ForwhatpurposedidBelyaevcreatetheLampbrella?A.Topredictaheavyrain.B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.C.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.D.Toremindpeopletotakeanumbrella.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句...Belyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecast....That’swhyhecreatedLampbrella.可知他创造Lampbrella的目的是为了防止人们被雨淋,所以选C。2.WhatdoweknowfromBelyaev’swordsinParagraph2?A.Hiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperience.B.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.C.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.D.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可知他的这种想法是在看到俄罗斯圣彼得堡一个中心街道上人们被雨淋时产生的。所以选A。3.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?A.motor→canopy→sensorsB.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→canopyD.canopy→motor→sensors【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段,这种Lampbrella是一个被配备了伞篷(canopy)的路灯杆,它有一个内置的电动机(electricmotor)和几个传感器(sensors),可以在下雨时给行人提供保护。首先是传感器感知有雨,然后通过电动机给伞篷提供动力。所以选B。4.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?A.Itsmovingspeed. B.Itsappearance.C.Itsinstallation. D.Itssafety.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据本段中的...theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,...itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.及Beinginstalledat2metresofftheground...可知,本段主要在强调Lampbrella的安全性,所以选D。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thedesignerwillopenacompanytopromotehisproduct.B.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“insistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwhere...”可知,他认为自己的产品是很实用的。而A、D两项没提,B项错在immediate,所以选C。AFearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead,accordingtoastudythathasfoundalinkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear.Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeelasenseoffearatthemomentwhentheirheartsarecontracting(收缩)andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies,comparedwiththepointwhentheheartbeatisrelaxed.Scientistssaytheresultssuggestthattheheartisabletoinfluencehowthebrainrespondstoafearfulevent,dependingonwhichpointitisatinitsregularcycleofcontractionandrelaxation.SarahGarfinkelattheBrightonandSussexMedicalSchoolsaid:“Ourstudyshowsforthefirsttimethatthewayinwhichwedealwithfearisdifferentdependingonwhenweseefearfulpicturesinrelationtoourheart.”Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactionstofearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces.DrGarfinkelsaid,“Thestudyshowedthatfearfulfacesarebetternoticedwhentheheartispumpingthanwhenitisrelaxed.Thusourheartscanalsoaffectwhatweseeandwhatwedon’tsee—andguidewhetherweseefear.”Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsousedabrainscanner(扫描仪)toshowhowthebraininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesaperson’sfeelingoffear.“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak’toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear,”DrGarfinkelsaid.“Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced,wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders,andalsoforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder.”1.Whatisthefindingofthestudy?A.One’sheartaffectshowhefeelsfear.B.Fearisaresultofone’srelaxedheartbeat.C.Fearhassomethingtodowithone’shealth.D.One’sfastheartbeatsarelikelytocausefear.2.Thestudywascarriedoutbyanalyzing.A.volunteers’heartbeatswhentheysawterriblepicturesB.thetimevolunteerssawfearfulpicturesandtheirhealthconditionsC.volunteers’reactionstohorriblepicturesanddatafromtheirbrainscansD.differentpicturesshowntovolunteersandtheirheart-braincommunication3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism”inParagraph6?A.Order.B.System.C.Machine. D.Treatment.4.Thisstudymaycontributeto.A.treatinganxietyandstressbetterB.explainingthecycleoffearandanxietyC.findingthekeytotheheart-braincommunicationD.understandingdifferentfearsinourheartsandheadsKeys:1----4.ACBABNotallbodiesofwateraresoevidentlyaliveastheAtlanticOcean,anS-shapedbodyofwatercovering33millionsquaremiles.TheAtlantichas,inasense,replacedtheMediterraneanastheinlandseaofWesterncivilization.Unlikerealinlandseas,whichseemstrangelystill,theAtlanticisrichinoceanicliveliness.Itisperhapsnotsurprisingthatitsvitalityhasbeenmuchwrittenaboutbyancientpoets.“StormatSea”,ashortpoemwrittenaround700,isgenerallyregardedasoneofmankind’searliestartisticrepresentationsoftheAtlantic.WhenthewindisfromthewestAllthewavesthatcannotrestTotheeastmustthunderonWherethebrighttreeofthesunIsrootedintheocean’sbreast.Asthepoemsuggests,theAtlanticisneverdeadanddull.Itisanoceanthatmoves,impressivelyandendlessly.Itmakesallkindsofnoise—itisforeverthundering,boiling,crashing,andwhistling.ItiseasytoimaginetheAtlantictryingtodrawbreath—perhapsnotsonoticeablyoutinmid-ocean,butwhereitmeetsland,itswatersbathingupanddownasandybeach.Itmimics(模仿)nearlyperfectlythesteadybreathingofalivingcreature.Itisfilledwithsymbioticexistences,too;unimaginablequantitiesofcreatures,littleandlargealike,mixwithinitsdepthsinakindofoceanicharmony,givingtothewatersafeelingofheartbeat,akindofsub-oceanvitality.Andithasapsychology.Ithaspersonalities:sometimespeacefulandpleasant,onrareoccasionsroughandwild;alwaysitisstrongandstriking.1.Unlikerealinlandseas,theAtlanticOceanis.A.alwaysenergeticB.lackinginlivelinessC.shapedlikeasquareD.favoredbyancientpoets2.Whatisthepurposeofusingthepoem“StormatSea”inthepassage?A.Todescribethemovementofthewaves.B.Toshowthestrengthofthestorm.C.Torepresentthepoweroftheocean.D.Toprovethevastnessofthesea.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“symbiotic”mean?A.Livingtogether.B.Growingfast.C.Movingharmoniously. D.Breathingpeacefully.4.Inthelastparagraph,theAtlanticiscomparedto.A.abeautifulandpoeticplaceB.afleshandbloodpersonC.awonderfulworldD.alovelyanimalKeys:1----4.ACAB(1)AGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40,000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.Surveyrespondents(受访者)wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults(age18to39)routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddle-agedadults(age40to64)moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio(比率)ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade,”wroteFriederR.Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangen-Nuremberg.Langandhiscolleaguesbelievedthatpeoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractionsthanpeoplewhoexpectedarosyfuture.“Seeingadarkfuturemayencouragepositiveevaluationsoftheactualselfandmaycontributetotakingimprovedprecautions(预防措施),”theauthorswrote.Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.Theauthorsofthestudynotedthattherewerelimitationstotheirconclusions.Illness,medicaltreatmentandpersonallosscouldalsohavedrivenhealthoutcomes.However,theresearcherssaidapatternwasclear.“Wefoundthatfromearlytolateadulthood,individualsadapttheirexpectationsoffuturelifesatisfactionfromoptimistic,toaccurate,topessimistic,”theauthorsconcluded.1.Accordingtothestudy,whomadethemostaccuratepredictionoftheirfuturelifesatisfaction?A.Optimisticadults.B.Middle-agedadults.C.Adultsinpoorhealth.D.Adultsoflowerincome.2.Pessimismmaybepositiveinsomewaybecauseitcausespeople.A.tofullyenjoytheirpresentlifeB.toestimatetheircontributionaccuratelyC.totakemeasuresagainstpotentialrisksD.tovaluehealthmorehighlythanwealth3.Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?A.Theywillearnlessmoney.B.Theywillbecomepessimistic.C.Theywillsuffermentalillness.D.Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.4.Whatistheclearconclusionofthestudy?A.Pessimismguaranteeschancesofsurvival.B.Goodfinancialconditionleadstogoodhealth.C.Medicaltreatmentdetermineshealthoutcomes.D.Expectationsoffuturelifesatisfactiondeclinewithage.Keys:1----4.BCAD(2)Wheninternationalaidisgiven,stepsmustbetakentoensure(确保)thattheaidreachesthepeopleforwhomitisintended.Thewaytoachievethismaynotbesimple.Itisverydifficultforanationtogivehelpdirectlytopeopleinanothernation.TheUnitedNationsOrganization(UNO)couldundertaketodirectthedistributionofaid.Herehoweverrisestheproblemofcosts.Alsotiedwiththisistime.PerhapstheUNOcouldsetupabodyofdevotedmenandwomenineverycountrywhocanspeedilydistributeaidtovictimsoffloodsandearthquakes.Morethanthehelpthatonenationcangivetoanotherduringadisaster,itwouldbemoreeffectivetogiveotherformsofhelpduringnormaltimes.Acommonproverbsays,“GivemeafishandIeatforaday,teachmetofishandIeatforalifetime.”Ifwefollowthiswisesaying,itwouldberighttoteachpeoplefromlessdevelopednationstotakecareofthemselves.Forexample,acountrycouldshareitstechnologywithanother.Thiscouldbeinsimpleareaslikeagricultureorinmorecomplexareaslikemedicalandhealthcareoreveninbuildingsatellites.Evenasmallcountryisabletohelplessdevelopednations.Sometimewhatistakenforgranted,likethesettingupofawaterpurificationplantortheadministrationofaschool,couldbeusefulforcountrieswhicharelookingabouttosolvecommonproblems.Itdoesnotcostmuchtosharesuchsimplethings.Exchangestudentscouldbeattachedforanumberofmonthsoryearsandlearntherequiredcraftwhileonthesite.Theycanthentaketheirknowledgebacktotheirhomelandsandifnecessarycomebackfromtimetotimetocleardoubtsortoupdatethemselves.Suchaidwillbetrulyhelpfulandthereisnochanceofitbeingtemporaryorofitfallingintothewronghands.Manycountriesrunextensivecoursesinallsortsofskills.Itwillnotcostmuchtoincludedeservingforeignersinthesecourses.Besidesgivingeffectivehelptothecountriesconcerned,thereisalsothebuild-upoffriendshipstoconsider.Givingdirecthelpbygivingmaterialsmaybeeffectiveintheshortrunandmustcontinuetobegivenintheeventofemergencies.However,inthelongrunwhatisreallyeffectivewouldbethesharingofknowledge.1.Accordingtotheauthor,howcouldinternationalaidreachthevictimsintime?A.Bysolvingthecostproblems.B.Bysolvingthetransportationproblems.C.Bysettingupabodyofdevotedpeopleineverycountry.D.ByrelyingonthedirectdistributionoftheUNO.2.Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressintheunderlinedsentence?A.Providingfoodisvital.B.Learningtofishishelpful.C.Teachingskillsisessential.D.Lookingafterothersisimportant.3.Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedmainly.A.byexample B.byprocessC.bycomparison D.bycontrast4.Whichaidislikelytofallintothewronghands?A.Amedicalteam. B.Anexchangeprogram.C.Awaterplant. D.Financialsupport.5.Whatcanweinferaboutinternationalaidfromthepassage?A.Itisfacingdifficulties.B.Itisunnecessaryduringnormaltimes.C.Itshouldbegivenintheformofmaterials.D.Ithasgainedsupportfromdevelopedcountries.Keys:1----5.CCADA(1)Ifadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(气泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(减压)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(标本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDr.Rothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食动物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,heywereprey(猎物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.1.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.Atwistedbody.B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.D.Adropinbloodpressure.2.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones3.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.