英语学习提升要点收录（高考篇）

141/141英语学习提升要点收录（高考篇）来源：网络收录整编分享目录完形填空高频词 4知识梳理 15第一章名词性从句 15第二章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 21第三章高中英语语法中的省略现象 29第四章主谓一致 35第五章动词不定式 44第六章倒装结构 56第七章定语从句 59第八章被动语态 64第十章感叹句 70第十一章疑问句 71第十二章名词 73重点英语词组 91常考的熟词新义 109英文名人名言大全 114必备的十六大时态用法大集合 1211.一般现在时（do/does;is/am/are） 1212.现在进行时(am/is/aredoing) 1223.现在完成时(have/hasdone) 1224.现在完成进行时(have/hasbeendoing) 1235.一般过去时(did;was/were) 1236.过去完成时(haddone) 1247.过去将来时(woulddo) 1248.过去进行时(was/weredoing) 1249.一般将来时 12510.将来进行时(willbedoing) 12611.将来完成时(willhavedone) 12612.将来完成进行时：(willhavebeendoing) 12613.过去完成进行时：hadbeendoing 12614.过去将来进行时：(wouldbedoing) 12715.过去将来完成时：(wouldhavedone) 12716.过去将来完成进行时：(wouldhavebeendoing) 127备考适用句式 128引出不同观点 128提出建议 129预示后果 130给出原因 130列出解决办法 131批判错误观点和做法 131完形填空高频词1.alterv.改变，改动，变更2.burstvi.,n.突然发生，爆裂3.disposevi.除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4.blastn.爆炸；气流vi.炸，炸掉5.consumev.消耗，耗尽6.splitv.劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的7.spitv.吐（唾液等）；唾弃8.spillv.溢出，溅出，倒出9.slipv.滑动，滑落；忽略10.slidev.滑动，滑落n.滑动；滑面；幻灯片11.bacterian.细菌12.breedn.种，品种v.繁殖，产仔13.budgetn.预算v.编预算，作安排14.candidaten.候选人15.campusn.校园16.liberala.慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17.transformv.转变，变革；变换18.transmitv.传播，播送；传递19.transplantv.移植20.transportvt.运输，运送n.运输，运输工具21.shiftv.转移；转动；转变22.varyv.变化，改变；使多样化23.vanishvi.消灭，不见24.swallowv.吞下，咽下n.燕子25.suspicionn.怀疑，疑心26.suspiciousa.怀疑的，可疑的27.milda.温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28.tendera.温柔的；脆弱的29.nuisancen.损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）30.insignificanta.无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的31.acceleratevt.加速，促进32.absolutea.绝对的，无条件的；完全的33.boundaryn.分界线，边界34.braken.刹车，制动器v.刹住（车）35.catalogn.目录（册）v.编目36.vaguea.模糊的，不明确的37.vainn.徒劳，白费38.extincta.绝灭的，熄灭的39.extraordinarya.不平常的，特别的，非凡的40.extremea.极度的，极端的n.极端，过分41.agentn.代理人，代理商；动因，原因42.alcoholn.含酒精的饮料，酒精43.appealn./vi.呼吁，恳求44.appreciatevt.重视，赏识，欣赏45.approvev.赞成，同意，批准46.stimulatevt.刺激，激励47.acquirevt.取得，获得；学到48.accomplishvt.完成，到达；实行49.networkn.网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50.tiden.潮汐；潮流51.tidya.整洁的，整齐的52.tracevt.追踪，找到n.痕迹，踪迹53.torturen./vt.拷打，折磨54.wandervi.漫游，闲逛55.waxn.蜡56.weavev.织，编57.preservev.保护，保存，保持，维持61.abusev.滥用，虐待；谩骂62.academica.学术的；高等院校的；研究院的63.academyn.（高等）专科院校；学会64.batteryn.电池（组）65.barriern.障碍；棚栏66.cargon.（船、飞机等装载的）货物67.careern.生涯，职业68.vesseln.船舶；容器，器皿；血管69.verticala.垂直的70.obligev.迫使，责成；使感激71.obscurea.阴暗，模糊72.extentn.程度，范围，大小，限度73.exteriorn.外部，外表a.外部的，外表的74.externala.外部的，外表的，外面的75.petroln.汽油76.petroleumn.石油77.delayvt./n.推迟，延误，耽搁78.decayvi.腐烂，腐朽79.decenta.像样的，体面的80.routen.路；路线；航线81.ruinv.毁坏，破坏n.毁灭，[pl.]废墟82.saken.缘故，理由83.satelliten.卫星84.scalen.大小，规模；等级；刻度85.templen.庙宇86.tediousa.乏味道，单调的，87.tendvi.易于，趋向88.tendencyn.趋向，趋势89.ultimatea.极端的，最大的，最终的n.极端90.undergov.经历，遭受91.abundanta.丰富的，充裕的，大量的92.adoptv.收养；采用；采纳93.adaptvi.适应，适合；改编，改写vt.使适应94.bachelorn.学士，学士学位；单身汉95.casuala.偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96.trapn.陷阱，圈套v.设陷阱捕捉97.vacanta.空的，未占用的98.vacuumn.真空，真空吸尘器99.orala.口头的，口述的，口的100.opticsn.（单、复数同形）光学101.organn.器官，风琴102.excessn.过分，过量，过剩103.expelv.驱逐，开除，赶出104.expendv.消费105.expendituren.支出，消费；经费106.expensen.开销，费用107.expensivea.花钱多的；价格高贵的108.expandv.扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀109.expansionn.扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀110.privatea.私人的，个人的111.individuala.个别的，单独的n.个人，个体112.personala.个人的，私人的；亲自的114.personneln.[总称]人员，员工；人事部门115.thePacificOcean太平洋116.theAtlanticOcean大西洋117.theArcticOcean北冰洋118.theAntarcticOcean南冰洋119.grantvt.授予，同意，准予119.granda.宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的120.invadev.侵入，侵略，侵袭121.acidn.酸，酸性物质a.酸的；尖刻的122.acknowledgev.承认；致谢123.balconyn.阳台124.calculatevt.计算，核算125.calendarn.日历，月历126.optimistica.乐观127.optionala.可以任选的，非强制的128.outstandinga.杰出的，突出的，显著的129.exportn.出口（物）v.出口，输出130.importn.进口（物）v.进口，输入131.imposevt.把...加强(on)；采用，利用132.religionn.宗教，宗教信仰133.religiousa.宗教的134.victimn.牺牲品，受害者135.videon.电视，视频a.电视的，录像的136.videotapen.录像磁带v.把...录在录像带上137.offendv.冒犯，触犯138.botherv.打搅，麻烦139.interferev.干涉，干扰，妨碍140.internala.内部的，国内的141.beforehandad.预先，事先142.raciala.人种的种族的143.radiationn.放射物，辐射144.radicala.根本的；激进的145.rangen.幅度，范围v.（在某范围内）变动146.wondern.惊奇，奇迹v.想知道，对...感到疑惑147.isolatevt.使隔离，使孤立148.issuen.问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期149.hollowa.空的，中空的，空虚道150.hookn.钩vt.钩住151.adequatea.适当地；足够152.adherevi.粘附，附着；遵守，坚持153.banvt.取缔，禁止154.capturevt.俘虏，捕获155.valida.有效的，有根据的；正当的156.valleyn.山谷，峡谷157.consistenta.坚固定；一致的，始终如一的158.continuousa.继续的，连续（不断）的159.continuala.不断地，频繁的160.explodev.爆炸；爆发；激增161.exploitv.剥削；利用，开采162.explorev.勘探163.explosionn.爆炸；爆发；激增164.explosivea.爆炸的；极易引起争论的165.remotea.遥远的，偏僻的166.removaln.除去，消除167.rendervt.使得，致使168.precautionn.预防，防备，警惕169.idlea.懒散的，无所事事的170.identifyvt.认出，鉴定171.identifyn.身份；个性，特性172.povertyn.贫穷173.resistanta.(to)抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的174.resolvevt.解决；决定，决意175.barreln.桶176.bargainn.便宜货vi.讨价还价177.coarsea.粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的178.coachn.教练；长途公共汽车179.coden.准则，法规，密码180.coiln.线圈v.卷，盘绕181.adultn.成年人182.advertisev.为...做广告183.advertisementn.广告184.agencyn.代理商，经销商185.focusv.（使）聚集n.焦点，中心，聚焦186.forbidvt.不许，禁止187.debaten./v.辩论，争论188.debtn.欠债189.decaden.十年190.enclosevt.围住；把...装入信封191.encountervt./n.遭遇，遭到192.globen.地球，世界；地球仪193.globala.全球的；总的194.scanvt.细看；扫描；浏览195.scandaln.丑事，丑闻196.significancen.意义；重要性197.subsequenta.随后的，后来的198.virtuen.美德，优点199.virtuala.实际上的，事实上的200.orientvt.使适应，(to,toward)使朝向n.东方201.portionn.一部分202.targetn.目标，靶子vt.瞄准203.portablea.手提式的204.declinev.拒绝，谢绝；下降205.illusionn.错觉206.likelihoodn.可能，可能性207.stripen.条纹208.emphasizevt.强调，着重209.emotionn.情感，感情210.emotionala.感情的，情绪（上）的211.awfula.极坏的，威严的，可怕的212.awkwarda.笨拙的，棘手的213.cluen.线索，提示214.collisionn.碰撞，冲突215.devicen.装置，设备216.devisevt.发明，策划，想出217.inevitablea.不可避免的218.navala.海军的219.navigationn.航行220.necessityn.必需品；必要性221.previousa.先，前，以前的222.provisionn.[pl.]给养，口粮；准备，设备，装置223.pursuevt.追逐；追求；从事，进行224.stalea.不新鲜的，陈腐的225.substituten.代用品vt.代替226.deservevt.应受，应得，值得227.discriminationn.歧视；辨别力228.professionala.职业的，专门的229.securea.安全的，可靠的230.securityn.安全，保障231.scratchv./n.抓，搔，扒232.talentn.才能，天资；人才233.insurancen.保险，保险费234.insurevt.给...保险，保证，确保235.neverthelessad.仍然，然而，不过236.neutrala.中立的，中性的237.spotn.地点；斑点vt.认出，发现；玷污238.sprayv.喷，（使）溅散239.mediuma.中等的，适中的n.媒介物，新闻媒介240.median.新闻传媒241.auxiliarya.辅助的，备用的242.automatica.自动的243.competevi.竞争，比赛244.competenta.有能力的，能胜任的245.competitionn.竞争，比赛246.distributevt.分发247.disturbvt.打搅，妨碍248.inferv.推论，推断249.integratev.(into,with)（使）成为一体，（使）合并250.moista.潮湿251.moisturen.潮湿252.promotevt.促进；提升253.regionn.地区；范围；幅度254.registerv./n.登记，注册255.stablea.稳定的256.sophisticateda.老于世故的，老练的；很复杂的257.splendida.极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的258.cancelvt.取消，废除259.variablea.易变的，可变的260.prospectn.前景，前途；景象261.prosperityn.兴旺，繁荣262.aspectn.方面；朝向；面貌263.copevi.(with)（成功地）应付，处理264.coren.果心，核心265.maintainvt.维持，保持；坚持，主张266.mainlandn.大陆267.disciplinen.纪律；惩罚；学科268.domestica.本国的，国内的；家用的；家庭的269.constanta.不变的，恒定的n.常数270.cliffn.悬崖，峭壁271.authorityn.权威；当局272.audioa.听觉273.attituden.态度274.communityn.社区，社会275.commitvt.犯（错误，罪行等），干（坏事等）276.commentn./vt.评论277.distinguishvt.区分，辨别278.distressn.痛苦，悲伤vt.使痛苦279.facilityn.[pl.]设备，设施；便利，方便280.facultyn.能力，技能；系，学科，学院；全体教员281.mixturen.混合，混合物282.moodn.心情，情绪；语气283.morala.道德上的，有道德的284.prominenta.突出的285.substancen.物质；实质286.substantiala.可观的；牢固的；实质的287.promptvt.促使a.敏捷的，及时的288.vivida.生动的289.vocabularyn.词汇（量）；词汇表290.venturen.风险投资，风险项目v.冒险；取于291.versionn.版本，译本；说法292.waistn.腰，腰部293.weldv./n.焊接294.yawnvi.打哈欠295.yieldvi.(to)屈服于；让出，放弃n.产量296.zonen.地区，区域297.strategyn.战略，策略298.strategica.战略（上）的，关键的299.tensea.紧张的v.拉紧n.时态300.tensionn.紧张（状态），张力知识梳理第一章名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一.主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那场电影真可惜。b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型)d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)2.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2)Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.错误表达：ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.错误表达：Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.错误表达：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?错误表达：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that则不然。例如：a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了。(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道发生了什么。b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：正确表达：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.错误表达：Iadmirethattheywonthematch.6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中，常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如：正确表达：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.错误表达：Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.7.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分)高一英语名词性从句专项练习1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.Thisis___theShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrue?A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14.???_____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereKeys:1—5ABABC6—10AABAC11—15BBCAB16—20BCBAA第二章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解"It"用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：一、It用作实词表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this,that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式主语的常见句型：1.代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous…例Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词：kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型It'snogood/usedoing…It's(well)worthdoing…It's(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todo…It's(well)worthwhiledoing/todo例It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.It替代作主语的从句常见句型(1)Itis+noun+从句例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.(2)Itisadj.+clauseIt'ssurprisingthat…(should)………竟然……It'sapity/shamethat…(should)………竟然……例It'simportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=It'sofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)(3)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that…例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(4)Itverb(tosb.)that…=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)例It(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)(5)Itisv-edthat…=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know)例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(6)Itisv-edthat…(should)…(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.三、It作主语的句型1.Ittakessb.…todo…(=sbtakes…todo…)某人用多长时间做某事例Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=Thementookaweektomendourroof.)2.It's(just)(un)likesb.todo…(不)像某人做某事的风格例Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.3.It's(about/high)timethat…should/v-ed…是该做某事的时候了例It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.4.It'sthex-thtime(that)…havev-ed…第几次做某事了例It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.5.Itis/hasbeen…since…continuousv-ed(延续性动词)某动作已有多长时间不发生了例It's10yearsthathelivedhere6.Itwas(not)…before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了例Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.四、It作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式宾语的常见句型：1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyou'lldothetaskonyourown.2.verb+it+adj./noun(one's)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nouse/nogood/worthone'swhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.3.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat…(should)…verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat…(should)…(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.4.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.5.v.+it+prep.+that…oweittosb.that…把…归功于…leaveittosbthat…把…留给某人去做takeitforgrantedthat…想当然keepitinmindthat…例Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.6.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,don'tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto宾语从句紧跟it之后例IhateityoucanswimsowellandIcan't.7.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后(exceptthat例外)例I'mforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice.五、强调句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that(who)…强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：1.请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句例Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivity?2.在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.3.在强调not…until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上例ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.4.注意强调句型与定语从句的区别例Itwasat7o'clockthathecamehereyesterday.(强调句型)Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.(定语从句)六、It常用的固定搭配1.makeit(1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达例It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.(2).在口语中相当于fixthedatefor,表示“约定好时间”例—Shallwemeetnextweek?—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.asitis(1).相当于infact,inreality表示“事实上，实际情况是……”例Wehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday,butasitisweprobablywon'tfinishituntilnextweek.(2).相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”例Leavethetableasitis.3.asitwere相当于asonemightsay,thatistosay,表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说”例Heis,asitwere,amodernSherlockHolmes.4.ifitweren'tfor…/ifithadn'tbeenfor…用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without,orbutfor,表示“如果不是……，要不是……”例Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.5.that'sit(1).相当于That'sall.That'ssomuch.表示“至此为止，没有别的了”例Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.(2).相当于That'sright.表示“对啦”例—Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”—That'sit.6.catchit在口语中，相当于bepunished/scoldedfordoingsth.wrong.表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”例We'llreallycatchitformourteacherifwe'relateforclassagain.7.haveit(1).相当于say,insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说”例Rumourhasitthattheyaregettingdivorced.(2).相当于gettoknowsomething,表示“了解，知道，获悉”例IhaditfromJohnthatshewasgoingabroad.8.havewhatittakes在口语中，相当于bewellqualifiedfor,表示“具有成功的条件”例Youcantakeitfrommethatyourdaughterhaswhatittakestobeastar.9.soitseems/appears.10.Keepatit!(Don'tgiveup!)相当于goon,表示“继续做，不放弃”例Myteacheraskedmetokeepatit.11.Goit!(Goon!)拼命干,莽撞12.Nowyouhavedoneit!(Youhavedonesth.wrong.)13.Nowyou'llcatchit!(You'llbepunished.)14.Asithappened,…在口语中，相当于it'sapitythat…,表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾”例Asithappened,theywereout.15.Asitturnedout,…在口语中，相当于itwasfoundtobeintheend,表示“最后被证明是”例Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.16.Suchasitis(theyare)在口语中，相当于althoughitmaynotbeworthmuch,表示“虽然没有多大价值”例Youcanborrowmyexamnotebook,suchasitis.17.Takeit/thingseasy.相当于Don'tworryordon'thurry.用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”例Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.18.Takeitfromme.在口语中，相当于believemewhatIsay.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保”例Youcantakeitfrommethathewillmakeitthistime.19.Forwhatitisworth…在口语中，相当于althoughI'mnotsureit'sofvalue,表示“不管其价值如何”例HereisthearticleIpromiseyou,forwhatit'sworth.20.Worthit在口语中，相当于useful,表示“有好处，值得做”例Don'thesitateaboutit!It'sworthit.21.Believeitornot.表示“信不信由你”例Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.22.Takeitorleaveit.v.要么接受要么放弃例Thatismylastoffer.Youcantakeitorleaveit.23.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中，相当于ithasn'tbeendecidedyet,表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”例—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?—It/Thatalldepends.24.It'suptosb.在口语中，相当于it'sdecidedbysb.表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”例—Shallwegooutfordinner?—It'suptoyou.“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配专练1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then(88)2.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he(89)3.Idon'tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it(91)4.Does______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it(91)5.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,thatD.when,then(92)6.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected______tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it(93)7.Itwasnotuntil1920______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since(94)8.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It(95)9.ItwasonlywhenIrereadthispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so(97)10.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them(98)11.Itistheabilitytodothejob_____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it(2000)12.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one13.—Doyoulike___here?—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(全国卷)A.thisB.TheseC.ThatD.it14.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade___fromsomewood.(全国卷)A.itB.OneC.HimselfD.another15.TheforeignMinistersaid,"_____ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."(2004北京)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis16._____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2004北京)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What17.—Howoftendoyoueatout?(2004,天津)—________,butusuallyonceaweek.A.HavenoideaB.ItdependsC.AsusualD.Generallyspeaking18.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn'tquite_____asplaned.(2004浙江卷)A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup19.—Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame.—________.Whateveryouwanttodoisfinewithme.A.ItjustdependsB.It'suptoyouC.AllrightD.Gladtohearthat20.Itwas____backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notunt