江苏高考英语一轮总复习定语从句考点复习精讲牛津译林版(无答案)

xxx公司文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度2019届江苏高考英语一轮总复习定语从句考点复习精讲牛津译林版定语从句(AttributiveClauses)一：定义定语从句：由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作定语，修饰主句的某个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时因句子结构需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分分开。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。Thisisthegirlwho/thatteachesusEnglish(who/that指人，修饰先行词thegirl，在从句中作主语)1：先行词：被定语从句修饰的成分。定语从句先行词为指人、物、时间、地点、原因的名词或代词，有时也可以是整个句子。Tomisahandsomeboy.Tomisaboywhoishandsome.Igavehimallmymoney.IgavehimallthemoneythatIhave.Shereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,whichcameasasurprise.2:关系词：连接被修饰的先行词和从句的词叫做关系词。关系词：关系代词：在句中代替指人或物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词有：who,whom,which,whose,that,asHehasahouse.+Thehouseisverybeautiful.Hehasahousethatisverybeautiful.Footballisagamethatislikedbymostboys.Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.关系副词：代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。关系副词有when,where,whyIwillneverforgettheday.+Wefirstmetthen.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.Hedidn’ttellmethetimewhenthemeetingwouldstart.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhecriedlastnight?

关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句；2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。3：定语从句分类限制性定语从句：对先行词起限制、区分作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般译成前置定语，意为“......的”。非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用，如果省略，也不影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时一般将主句和从句译成并列形式。Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(他可能不止两个儿子)Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(他只有两个儿子)Doyouknowthepeoplewholiveovertheroad?

Theaccident,whichtookplaceinKingston,happenedbecauseofthefog.练习1：1.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesarebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that2.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that3.Thebooksonthedesk,coversareshiny,areprizesforus.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that关系代词的用法(一)关系代词引导的定语从句先行词关系代词从句中的成分例句人who主、宾、表Doyouknowthemanwhotheteacheristalkingto?

Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Mr.Smithisamanwhoweshouldlearnfrom.Theactorisnotthemanwhoheusedtobe.whom宾ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Liu.Theboywhomsheloveddiedinthewar.物which主、宾、表ThevasewhichIbrokeyesterdaywasveryexpensive.Thefishwhichweboughtthismorningwasnotfresh.Childrenlikebookswhichhavepictures.人、物that主、宾、表Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.Idon’tlikethenovelthatyouarereading.whose定Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisanengineer.Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.as主、宾、表AsIknow,shehasn’tgotmarried.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.(二)关系代词的用法(I)who与whom的用法who与whom用于指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语。whom在定语从句中作宾语，在现代英语中，可以用who代替；但是，从句中的介词提到关系代词前，whom直接在介词后作宾语，不可用who。TheTVorganizershadplannedtofindfourmusicianswhocouldactaswellassing.Heisthesingerwho/whomyoutalkedaboutyesterday.=Heisthesingeraboutwhomyoutalkedyesterday.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Liu.例题2：1.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which2.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofarefamilymembers.A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom(II)which的用法which用于指物，在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语，且不直接跟在介词后时，which可以省略。Thetreewhichisinfrontofmyhouseismorethantenyearsold.Don’texpectpeopletodothingswhichyouwouldnotdoyourself.ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.例题3：1.Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom2.TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2019.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which(III)whose的用法whose表示“......的”，既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语，修饰名词。Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthisours.Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.例题4：1.Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why2.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthethoseliveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which(Ⅳ)that的用法that既可以指人又可指物，指人时可与who,whom互换，指物时可与which互换。that在从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语时，that可是省略。Davidwasoneofthemosthelpfulstudentsthatweeverhad.Thegirlthatyousawyesterdaywasmysister.Theremustbesomethingthathappenedtoyou.ThestudentthatansweredthequestionwasJohn.Thebookthatyoulentmewasinteresting.(V)as的用法（1）as作为关系代词既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as一般用于“such...as”“thesame...as”“as...as”结构中。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.（2）as还可以引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的内容，意为“正如，像”Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.As

we

all

know,

he

studies

very

hard.

The

bridge

is

really

wonderful,

as

isshown

in

the

picture.

关系代词that和which的用法区别(I)引导限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词that的情况：在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。

1.先行词是

all,

anything,

everything,

nothing,

something,

none,little,

few,

much等不定代词或被不定代词所修饰,且指物时。

1).I

told

him

all

(that)

I

knew.

2).He

gave

her

everything

(that)

he

had.

3).Anythingthatyouhavetosayhadbetterbesaidineachother’spresence.4).Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.2.先行词被all,

any,

little,few,no,the

very（恰恰，正好）,

the

only,

the

last等修饰时。

1).I

have

read

all

the

books

(that)

you

gave

me.

2).You

can

take

any

book

(that)

you

like.

3).Thisistheverydictionarythathewantstobuy.4).Basketballistheonlythingthatinterestshim.5).Theonlythingthatwecandoistogivesomemoney.6).ThisisthelasttrainthatwillgotoSuzhou.3.先行词前面有序数词时。

1).

Don’ttrustthefirstsignthatyousee.2).

The

second

place

(that)

I

want

to

visit

is

Shanghai.

4.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。1).This

is

the

best

book

(that)

I

have

ever

read.

2).Thepresenttimeisthebestgiftthatyoucangiveyourself.5.先行词既有人又有物时。

1).We

aretalking

about

the

persons

and

things

(that)

we

remember

in

the

school.

2).The

people

and

the

animals

that

were

killed

in

the

earthquake

have

all

been

found.

3).Shetookphotosofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.6.在Who,

Which引起的疑问句中。

1).

Who

is

the

boy

that

helped

you?

2).

Which

is

the

book

(that)

you

bought

yesterday?

3).Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?

7.

若有两个定语从句，其中一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。

1).He

bought

a

book

which

could

give

him

knowledge

and

that

could

helphim

to

kill

the

time.

2).Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.3).Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.8.

当先行词是主句的表语，而关系代词在定语从句中也作表语时。

1).Mary

is

no

longer

the

girl

that

she

used

to

be.

2).Jackisnotthemanthathewas.9.当主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。1).Hereisthebookthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.(II)当先行词指物或前面整句话时，定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况：在以下几种情况下只使用which不用that

1.在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。1).Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,whichmadetheothersenvyhim.2).I

have

lost

my

pen,

which

I

like

very

much.2.先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。

This

is

the

house

in

which

Lu

Xun

once

lived.

练习5：1.IhopethatthelittleIhavebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.as2.They’vewontheirlastthreematches,Ifindabitsurprising.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which(III)当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who

不用that。

1.

先行词为all,

anyone,

one

/

ones,

those,

people

时，须用who。

1).

Anyone

who

knows

how

to

do

it

can

do

it

now.

2).

Those

who

want

to

see

the

film

please

put

up

your

hands.

2.

在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。

1).Tom’s

father,

who

is

over

sixty,

still

works

hard.

2).

He,

who

does

not

reach

the

Great

Wall,

is

not

a

true

man.

3.

在被分隔的定语从句中，须用who。

A

new

teacher

will

come

tomorrow

who

will

teach

you

German.

4.

在以there

be开头的句子中，多用who。

There

is

a

stranger

who

wants

to

see

our

headmaster.5.

若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。

The

student

who

was

praised

at

the

meeting

is

the

monitor

that

studies

very

hard.

(IV)关系代词as与which的区别1.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时哈克插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容，而不仅是主句中的某一个词。Theweatherturnedouttobeveryhot,whichwasbeyondourexpectation.2.当非限制性定语从句放在主句前，只能用as。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,as/whichisknowntoeverybody.=Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.3.从句在主句之后时，有些情况下as与which可以互换。Theywereinvitetoparty,which/aswasagreathonortothem.HemustbeanAfrican,as/whichmaybeseenfromthecolourofhisskin.4.从句在主句之后时，只能用as或which的情况。(1).当非限制性定语从句时否定句或表示否定时，只能用which。Wehadtosleepinourwetclothes,whichwasmostuncomfortable.Hecametomybirthdayparty,whichIdidn’texpectatall.(2).表达“正如（情形或事实所表示的那样），像......一样”的意思时，通常用as，Sheisafinesinger,ashermotherusedtobe.Thingswillturnouttobecontrarytopeople’swishes,asisoftenthecase.练习6：1.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,Meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which2.isoftenthecase,hedidn’tstudyhardandfailedtopassthetest.A.WhatB.WhichC.ItD.As注意点关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可以省略。Theboy(whom/that)yousawintheofficeyesterdaywastakenawaybythepoliceman.Canyoulendmethemagazine(which/that)youtalkedaboutyesterday?关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。Maryisoneoftheteachersinourschoolwhohavebeenabroad.Maryistheonlyoneoftheteachersinourschoolwhohasbeenabroad.关系副词的用法一：关系副词指代的先行词及其作用先行词关系副词在从句中作用与“介词+关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词：time，day，year等when时间状语=at,in,on,duringwhich表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等where地点状语=in,at,to,on,which表示理由的名词：thereasonwhy原因状语=forwhich二：when的用法1.when修饰时间名词，在从句中做时间状语。其先行词通常为time,day,year,morning,night,week等。常用onwhich,atwhich,onwhich代替。TherewasonedaywhenwewentoutinthewayduringahuntandJameswaswashedofftheboat.Aprilthefirstisthedaywhenpeoplemakefunofothers.=Aprilthefirstisthedayonwhichpeoplemakefunofothers.where在从句中做地点状语。先行词通常为place,city,school,country等表示地点的名词。常用inwhich,atwhich,onwhich等取代。Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?=Canyoutellmetheofficeinwhichheworks?why在定语从句中做原因状语。可用forwhich代替。why不可引导非限制性定语从句，此时可用forwhich。Thisisthereasonwhyhewentaway.=thisisthereasonforwhichhewentaway.关系副词常可用“介词+关系代词”的结构改写。这里的关系代词只限于which和whom。IwillneverforgetthenightwhenImetyouforthefirsttime.=IwillneverforgetthenightonwhichImetyouforthefirsttime.Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhesuddenlyfellill.=Wedon’tknowthereasonforwhichhesuddenlyfellill.注意:并不是所有的“介词+关系代词”的结构都可以用关系副词替代。Iamveryimpressedbythewayinwhichheworks.这里inwhich代表的是intheway，在句中作方式状语。只有当“介词+关系代词”结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时，才能相应地用when,where和why代替。注意：（1）当先行词是表示地点（如place,room,airport）、时间（如time,day,year,month,week）、原因（reason）的名词，并且在从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，应用where,when,why引导定语从句。但如果表示时间，地点，原因的名词在从句中不作状语，而是作主语、宾语或者表语时，则需用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句，而不是用where,when,why来引导。Istillremembertheday(that/which)wespenttogether.Shennongjiaisabeautifulplace(that/which)wealllookforwardtovisiting.Isthisthereason(that/which)hegaveusforbeinglate?当先行词为way时，定语从句关系词用inwhich，that或省略。Ididn’tliketheway(that/inwhich/\)hetalkedtome.（3）当先行词表示模糊或抽象的地点时，定语从句也用where引导，词类先行词有case，situation，stage，point等。Theincidenthasreachedapointwhereboththeirparentsshouldbecalledin.二：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1:当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词既可以放在原来的位置上，又可以置于关系代词之前，与关系代词共同引导定语从句。“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that，其中whom指人,which指物。Givemethebookwhosecoverisred.Givemethebookthecoverofwhichisred.Givemethebookofwhichthecoverisred.IwanttofindthepenwhichIwrotetheletterwith.=.注意：fromwhere为“介词+关系副词”结构，也可以引导定语从句（但不常用）Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecouldseethetown.2:在非正式英语中，介词通常在定语从句的末尾。ArtisthesubjectwhichIknowalittleabout.3：如果介词正在定语从句的末尾，则whom和which能够被that代替，whom还可以被who代替。Dadisapersonwho/whom/thatIcaneasilytalkto.4:当关系代词which或者whom作介词宾语并且介词位于定语从句的末尾的时候，which或者我后面可以省略。HeisapersonwhomIcansharemyfeelingswith.某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词”结构可以跟关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?==Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?关系代词前介词的确定1.依据定语从句中动词的某种固定搭配而确定。Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.WewillvisitMountainTaitomorrow,forwhichShandongisfamousintheworld.2.依据先行词的某种固定搭配而确定Therewasnowayinwhichitcouldbebroughtbacktotheearth.3.根据所表达的意思确定Thegaswithwhichdoctorscansavethepatientsiscalledoxygen.Thegaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.关系代词的位置介词在关系代词前时，只能用which和whom，不能用that代替，也不可省略；介词在句子后面时，关系代词用which，that,whom,who都行，而且还可以省略。ThisisthedrawerinwhichIputmyletters.Thisisthedrawer(which/that)Iputmylettersin.HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwroteletterswiththismorning?Haveyouseenthepen(which/that)Iwroteletterswiththismorning?

Thisisthecollegeatwhichheworks.Thisisthecollegethat/whichheworksat.Thisisthecollegewhereheworks.介词of与关系代词的搭配。介词of与关系代词搭配时，of通常放在名词、代词、数词之后，此结构多用于非限制性定语从句。词类常见的形式有：some/several/afew/alittle/many/much/most/five/thebiggest/...ofwhich/whom等。Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthinkaredifficultforyou.Tenstudentswerekilledintheaccident,threeofwhomweregirls.特殊情况1.在一些固定短语中，如listento，lookat，dependon，payattentionto，takecareof等，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.Thisisthebookwhich/thatIamlookingfor.2.在“单个介词+关系代词（which，whose）+名词”结构中，介词要由后面的名词而定。HelivedinLondonforthreemonths,duringwhichtimehelearnedsomeEnglish.OurEnglishteacher,withwhosehelpwehavegreatprogressinEnglish,hascompletedthirtyyearsofteaching.练习：【小试牛刀】

一：I．用关系代词who,

whom,

that,

which,

whose,

as填空。

The

earthquake

________shook

the

city

in

1906

was

the

biggest

in

American

history.

We

don’t

know

the

number

of

people

__________lost

their

homes

in

the

earthquake.

The

house

___________they

built

in

1937

is

still

in

very

good

condition.

The

house

__________is

built

on

sand

may

fall

down

in

an

earthquake.

The

boy

___________

father

is

a

teacher

is

very

clever.

A

clock

is

a

machine

____________tells

people

the

time.

Our

village

is

no

longer

the

one

__________

it

used

to

be.

The

house

__________

he

is

looking

for

is

very

expensive.

9.

Do

you

know

the

man

__________

houses

are

all

broken?

10.

________

is

known

to

all,

the

moon

travels

round

the

earth

once

very

month.

II．翻译下面句子

1．刚才作演讲的那个教授已经走了。

____________________________________________________________

2．你认识那个母亲是老师的女孩吗?

______________________________________________________________

3．鸟是一种能飞的动物。

______________________________________________________________

4．我上周买的那支钢笔很便宜。

______________________________________________________________

5．门朝北开的那间房子已经被卖了。

______________________________________________________________

选择题：（5年高考三年模拟必修一）Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.whenWe’llreachthesalestargetsinamonthwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.whatThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.whenThosetouristsvacationincludedanunexpectedproblemwerereportedtohavereturnedsafeandsound.A.whoseB.thatC.whichD.thatNotfarfrommyhousethereisagarden,ownerisseatedinitplayingcheesewithhischildreneveryafternoon.A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.thatWhenpeopletalkaboutthefamousscenicspotinChina,thefirstcomesintomindistheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.oneD.placeItisinthecityyou’regoingtopayavisittothiskindofbeerisproduced.A./;thatB.where,thatC./;whereD.that;whichWatchout!Don’tgetclosetothatwindow,glasswasbroken,oryouwillcutyourself.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatMygrandma,agreatwoman,hasagreatinfluenceonme.IwillneverforgetmychildhoodIspentwithher.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.whereInthepast,hehadlittlemoneycouldbeusedtobuyclothesforhischildren.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.whatHesaidhedideverythinghecouldtohelpthepeoplethere.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.thatHelivesinthehousewindowsanddoorsareallgreen.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.thatTheyweretalkingaboutMr.Liandhisnovelarepopularwiththestudentsinschool.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whatthehousehisfatherbuiltfifteenyearsagoisusedasaclinicnow.A.whereB.inwhichC./D.whatJohnistheonlyoneofthestudentsintheclassthatneveramistakeevenwhenitispointedtohim.A.admitmakingB.admitsmakingC.admittomakeD.admitstomakeIamlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.whereStudentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.wherePleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.whatThebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatworkagoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.whereEllenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whomItisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whatTheprizewillgotothewriterstoryshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.whatTedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.whichLifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.whereManychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom练习：（尖子生学案必修一Unit2）1.Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.A.asB.whoseC.inwhichD.atwhich2.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who3.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,youcanhearsomelovelymusic.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where4.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,AlexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeIndependent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when5.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,usesitdifferently.A.allofwhichB.eachofwhichC.allofthemD.eachofthem6.AstheInternethasgainedpopularity,therehasachangeinthewaypeoplespendtheirtime.A.whichB./C.whereD.when7.Thereasonhedidn’tcomewas