校园无线网络技术及应用发展(英文版)课件

14.12.20221校園無線網路技術與應用發展Sheng-TzongCheng

鄭憲宗stcheng@.tw..tw13.12.20221校園無線網路技術與應用發展Sheng-14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗2Outline無線區域網路─IEEE802.11無線應用通訊協定─WAP13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗2Outline無線區域14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3無線區域網路通訊協定WirelessLocalAreaNetwork(IEEE802.11)13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3無線區域網路通訊協定14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗4無線區域網路標準-IEEE802.11SpecifiesasingleMediumAccessControl(MAC)sublayerand3PhysicalLayerSpecifications.Stationscanoperateintwoconfigurations:Ad-hocmodeInfrastructuremodeThreePHYspecificationsFrequencyHoppingSpreadSpectrum(FHSS).DirectSequenceSpreadSpectrum(DSSS).InfraredPHY.13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗4無線區域網路標準-IE14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗5IEEE802.11規範IEEEProject802Charter:Local&MetropolitanAreaNetwork1Mbpsto100Mbpsandhigher2lowerlayersof7LayerOSIReferenceModelIEEE802.11WorkingGroupscope:Wirelessconnectivityforfixed,portableandmovingstationswithinalimitedareaAppeartohigherlayer(LLC)thesameasexisting802standardsApplicationLayerNetworkLayerMACPhysicalLayer...LLCIEEE802.11DataLinkLayer13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗5IEEE802.1114.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗61997/6/26通過成為IEEE802系列標準IEEE802.11架構MediaAccessControlLogicalLinkControlInfraredPhysicalLayerFHSSPhysicalLayerDSSSPhysicalLayer13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗61997/6/26通過14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗7AdHoc網路OneBasicServiceSetDirectedConnectionLimitedCoverageArea13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗7AdHoc網路One14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗8APBSSInfrastructure網路APBasicServiceSetExistingWiredLANDistributionSystemOtherLANsExtendServiceSet13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗8APBSSInfras14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗9Infrastructure網路(cont.)AccessPointandMobileStationDistributedSystemInterconnectMultipleCellsviaAccessPointstoformasinglenetworkExtendsWirelessCoverageAreaMultipleBasicServiceSetsconnectedtogetherformanExtendedServiceSetAllowMobileStationtoaccessfixedresourceSupportRoamingforMobileStationsviaAccessPointPointCoordinationFunction,PowerManagement,TimeSynchronizationsupportthroughAccessPoint13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗9Infrastruct14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗10IEEE802.11ServicesProvidesserviceswiththefollowingfunctionality:roamingwithinaESS,multipledataratesinBSSsandPowerManagement.TheMACprotocolisCarrierSenseMultipleAccesswithCollisionAvoidance(CSMA/CA)MACservicesAssociationserviceAuthenticationserviceDistributionserviceIntegrationserviceDeauthentication/Deassociationservice13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗10IEEE80022成大資訊鄭憲宗11SpreadSpectrumTechnologyDSSS（DirectSequenceSpreadSpectrum）11channelsPN-code長度為11-bit展頻寬度為11MHzFHSS（FrequencyHoppingSpreadSpectrum）78hopsequences頻帶範圍為1MHz，跳頻的頻率為每秒2.5次InfraredRay發展趨勢：DHSS往高速無線區域網路系統發展，適合辦公室環境使用；FHSS會往低價網路應用發展，提供SOHO及家庭應用、或周邊設備之無線網路連結。13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗11SpreadSpe14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗12直接序列展頻（DSSS）13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗12直接序列展頻（DSS14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗13跳頻展頻（FHSS）13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗13跳頻展頻（FHSS）14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗14IEEE802.11TGaTheTGaisworkingonthehighdata-rateextensioninthe5GHzband,project802.11a,wasabletoproduceanewdraftstandardthathasthesupportofatleast80%ofthemembers.TGaislookingatacandidateforworldwidestandardization!13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗14IEEE80022成大資訊鄭憲宗15IEEE802.11TGa(cont.)ThespecificationsofthePhysicalLayerencompassdataratesfrom6Mbit/supto54Mbit/s,with20MHzspacingbetweenadjacentchannels.Allimplementationsarerequiredtosupport6,12and24Mbit/s.Optionalextensionsarefor9,18,36,48and54Mbit/s.Themulti-ratemechanismoftheMACprotocolensuresthatalldevicescommunicatewitheachotheratthebestdatarateinthepresentchannel.13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗15IEEE80022成大資訊鄭憲宗16IEEE802.11TGbTheTGbisworkingontheextensionofthe1and2Mbit/sdataratesinthe2.45GHzbandwith5.5and11Mbit/shasreachedatechnicalcompromisesolutiontoimprovetheco-existenceandinteroperabilitycharacteristicsbetweenoptions.Themulti-ratemechanismwarrantsthatthe11Mbit/soperationcanswitchbackto5.5Mbit/s.Stationsthatareevenfurthercouldswitchbacktothe2and1Mbit/scapabilitiesoftheDSSSmodulation.13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗16IEEE80022成大資訊鄭憲宗17CSMA/CD(LAN)Senddataifthemediumissensed“idle”Ifcollideswithotherhost(s), thenbackoffforarandomnumberoftimesRe-senddatalater13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗17CSMA/CD(L14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗18HiddenTerminalProblemBACdatadata13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗18HiddenTer14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗19SolutiontoHTPBACRequestGrant13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗19Solutiont14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗20DetectionofCollisionBACRequestRequest13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗20Detection14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗21BACRequestAisGrantAisGrantDCollisionAvoidance13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗21BACReques14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗22RTS/CTS/data/ACKandNAVsetting13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗22RTS/CTS/da14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗23SomeIFSrelationshipsandbasicaccessmethod13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗23SomeIFSr14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗24RandombackofftimeBackofftime=INT(CW*Random())*aSlotTimeINT(x):小於或等於x的最大整數CW(contentionwindowparameter):介於CWmin和Cwmax間的整數,CW依序遞增的順序為(7,15,31,63,127,255,255,255……)Random():介於0到1間的實數aSlotTime:傳送器開啟延遲+媒介傳遞延遲+媒介忙碌偵測反應時間13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗24Randombac14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗25AnexampleofexponentialincreaseofCW13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗25Anexample14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗26Backoffprocedure13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗26Backoffpr14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗27Transmissionofamulti-fragmentMPDUusingSIFS13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗27Transmissi14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗28RTS/CTSwithfragmentedMSDU13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗28RTS/CTSwi14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗29RTS/CTSwithtransmitterpriorityandmissedacknowledgment13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗29RTS/CTSwi14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗30Directdata/ACKMPDU13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗30Directdat14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗31無線區域網路軟體技術架構WLANPlatformEmbeddedControlSoftwareWLANManagementUtilityNetworkApplicationsDSSSFHSSMediaAccessControlNetworkDriver(NDIS)SocketInterfaceMobileIPSNMPAgentSecurityDistributedServiceE-MailFileTransferRemoteAccessMobileDataDECTU-NIIorISMbandETSI13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗31無線區域網路軟體技術14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗32無線應用通訊協定WirelessApplicationProtocol(WAP)13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3214.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗33無線上網趨勢日本NTT的DoCoMo

於2/1999推出無線上網服務，一年內累積3百萬用戶，每週增加10萬人WAPForum於1997年成立，至1999年12月全世界有200家無線通訊事業成為會員(95%市場之相關業者投入)1999年，WAP是手機使用者最熱門話題之一13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗33無線上網趨勢日本NT14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗34無線上網趨勢(續)1999年在台灣銷售180萬隻手機前兩大廠─Motorola於2000上半年WAP手機佔40%，下半年100%投入；Nokia則佔30%。國內新上市的手機六到七成內建WAP功能台灣已超過1000萬人有行動手機，而PC上網人數約3至4百萬語音：數據─95%:5%(2000);40%:60%(2005)13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗34無線上網趨勢(續)14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗35全球無線通訊用戶成長13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗35全球無線通訊用戶成長14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗36預估未來WAP手機的佔有率13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗36預估未來WAP手機的14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3713.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3714.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3813.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3814.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗39手持型元件之延革13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗39手持型元件之延革14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗4013.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗4014.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗41bringtheinternetcontentandadvancedservicesto後PC時代之userscreateaglobalwirelessprotocoltoworkacrossdifferingwirelessnetworktechnologies

enableapplicationstoscaleacrossavarietyoftransportoptionsanddevicetypesWhat’sWAPfor?13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗41bringthe14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗42WhatisdefinedinWAP?Micro-BrowserScriptingtoenhanceMScapabilitiesWTA/WTAIfortelephonefunctionality(e.g.callchains)ContentFormatsbusinesscard(vCard)calendarevent(vCalendar)LayeredTelecommunicationStack13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗42Whatisde14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗43Comparison13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗43Comparison14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗4413.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗4414.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗45GoalsforWTP(WAPv1.1)acommoninterfacetophysicaltransportmechanismsprovideaport-basedabstractinterfacetoupperlayerprotocolsallowapplicationsdesignedindependentfromspecifictransportsextensibletoavarietyofdigitalwirelessnetworksandfuturetransportoptions13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗45Goalsfor14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗46GoalsforWTP(cont.)supportsconnection-oriented,transaction,anddatagrammodesoptimizefornarrowtomediumbandwidthchannelstobecapableofimplementationinalowmemoryfootprint,suitableforstandardorlow-IQhandsets13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗46Goalsfor14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗47RequirementsforWTPWTP/Cprovidesareliableconnection-orientedservicetotheupperlayerWTP/Tprovidesareliabletransaction-orientedservicesuitableforwebbrowsingWTP/Dprovidesadatagramservicelightweight:implementablein<=10Kb(lowmemory/computationalneeds)13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗47Requiremen14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗48WTP/Dfeatures

(WDPinWAPv1.2)WTP/D(Datagram)providesaconnection-less,unreliabledatagramserviceWTP/DisreplacedbyUDPwhenusedoveranIPnetworklayer.usestheServicePrimitiveT-UnitData.req.ind13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗48WTP/Dfeat14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗49WAPv1.2WirelessBearers:SMSUSSDCSDIS-136CDMAIDENCDPDPDC-PGPRSWirelessApplicationEnvironment(WAE)WirelessSessionProtocol(WSP)WirelessTransactionProtocol(WTP)WirelessTransportLayerSecurity(WTLS)Datagrams(UDP/IP)Datagrams(WDP)OtherServicesandApplicationsWirelessBearers:SMSUSSDCSDIS-136CDMAIDENCDPDPDC-PGPRSWirelessApplicationEnvironment(WAE)WirelessSessionProtocol(WSP)WirelessTransactionProtocol(WTP)WirelessTransportLayerSecurity(WTLS)Datagrams(UDP/IP)Datagrams(WDP)OtherServicesandApplications13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗49WAPv1.2W14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗50WTP/Tfeatures

(WTPinWAPv1.2)

WTP/T(Transaction)providesreliabledatatransferbasedonrequest/replyparadigmnoexplicitconnectionsetuporteardowndatacarriedinfirstpacketofprotocolexchangeseekstoreduce3-wayhandshakeoninitialrequest13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗50WTP/Tfeat14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗51WTP/Tfeatures(cont.)

supportsretransmissionoflostpacketsselective-retransmissionsegmentation/re-assemblyportnumberaddressing(specifictoWTP/T)flowcontrolmessageoriented(notstream)supportsanAbortfunctionforoutstandingrequests13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗51WTP/Tfeat14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗52WirelessSessionProtocol

WSP/BprovidesupperlayerswithsessionservicesandmanagementWSP/BProvidessemanticsandmechanismsbasedonHTTP1.1WSPprovidesmeansto:establishareliablesessionfromclienttoserveragreeoncommonlevelofprotocolfunctionalitybycapabilitynegotiationcompactencodingsuspendandresume13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗52WirelessS14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗53WSPfeaturesHTTP1.1functionalityExchangeofclientandserversessionheadersInterruptmechanismfortransactionsinprocessContentPushfromservertoclientNegotiationformultiple,simultaneousasynchronoustransactions13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗53WSPfeatur14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗54WTLSRecordProtocol

4recordprotocolclients:ThehandshakeprotocolThechangecipherspecprotocolThealertprotocolTheapplicationdataprotocolWTLSconnectionstate:theoperatingenvironmentforrecordprotocolcompression/encryptionalgorithmMACalgorithm--keys13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗54WTLSRecor14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗55RecordProtocolUsage

HandshakeprotocolNegotiatesecureattributesofasecuresessionauthentication,securityparametersettingsChangecipherspecprotocolSignaltransitionsincipheringstrategiessentbeforeverifyingfinishedmessageAlertprotocolconveytheseverityofthemessageandadescriptionofthealert13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗55RecordPro14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗56WirelessApplicationEnvironment

(WAE)

AnInternet(.)programmingmodel

Vendor-controlledMMIInitialfocusonphonesSlowbearersSmallmemoryLimitedCPUSmallscreenLimitedinputmodel13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗56Wireless14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗57WAEComponentsArchitecture–Applicationmodel–Browser,Gateway,ContentServerWML(WirelessMarkupLanguage)–DisplaylanguageWMLScript–ScriptinglanguageContentFormats–Dataexchange13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗57WAECompo14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗58WAEIn-DeviceArchitecture13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗58WAEIn-14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗59WML

Tag-basedbrowsinglanguage:Screenmanagement(text,images)Datainput(text,selectionlists,etc.)Hyperlinks&navigationsupportSyntax:W3CXML(SGMLderivative)InheritstechnologyfromHDMLandHTML13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗59WMLTag-14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗60WML(cont.)

CardmetaphorUserinteractionsaresplitintocardsNavigationoccursbetweencardsStatemanagementandvariablesReducenetworktrafficResultsinbettercachingExplicitinter-cardnavigationmodelHyperlinksUIEventhandlingHistory13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗60WML(cont.14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗61WMLExample

13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗61WMLExampl14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗62WMLScript

Scriptinglanguage:Procedurallogic,loops,conditionals,etc.Optimizedforsmall-memory,small-cpudevicesDerivedfromJavaScript™IntegratedwithWMLPowerfulextensionmechanismReducesoverallnetworktraffic13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗62WMLScript14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗63WMLScript(cont.)

Bytecode-basedvirtualmachineStack-orienteddesignROM-ableDesignedforsimple,low-impactimplementationCompilerinnetworkBetternetworkbandwidthuseBetteruseofterminalmemory/cpu

13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗63WMLScript14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗6413.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗6414.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗6513.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗6514.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗6613.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗6614.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗67WAPGateway13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗67WAPGatewa14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗68WAPApplicationServer13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗68WAPApplic14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗6913.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗6914.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗70WAPPushTechnologyPushAccessProtocolPushOver-the-AirProtocolPushProxy

GatewayPushInitiatorWAPClient13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗70WAPPushT14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗71WAP怎麼了？歐洲在兩年內至少應有10億隻WAP手機，實際上只有六百萬之使用量(accordingtoIDC)T-Mobile:1%outof1300萬人採購上網手機。1%者有1/3從未上網，大部份人一週上網不到一次(北歐情形較佳)影響WAP三大因素(訊通國際)：連線速度慢、通信費用高、服務項目少13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗71WAP怎麼了？歐洲在14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗72WAP整體環境手機製造業電信系統業者ISP設備供應商網路軟體業者提供個人的、即時的、必須的資訊內容13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗72WAP整體環境手機製14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗7313.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗7314.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗7413.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗7414.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗75行動圖書館操作模式13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗75行動圖書館操作模式14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗76行動網路圖書館示意圖13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗76行動網路圖書館示意圖14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗77行動網路圖書館架構13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗77行動網路圖書館架構14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗78行動圖書館運作流程13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗78行動圖書館運作流程14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗79行動圖書館服務功能13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗79行動圖書館服務功能14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗80行動圖書館優點穩定強大的後端資料庫友善使用者的DBA管理介面跨平台執行之服務程式充滿創意之各項行動圖書館服務自行架設之WAPGatewayServer

伺服器皆採用開放原始碼之Linux作業系統

革命性跨介面存取的多元圖書館

13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗80行動圖書館優點穩定強14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗81行動圖書館網頁範例13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗81行動圖書館網頁範例14.12.202282校園無線網路技術與應用發展Sheng-TzongCheng

鄭憲宗stcheng@.tw..tw13.12.20221校園無線網路技術與應用發展Sheng-14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗83Outline無線區域網路─IEEE802.11無線應用通訊協定─WAP13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗2Outline無線區域14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗84無線區域網路通訊協定WirelessLocalAreaNetwork(IEEE802.11)13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3無線區域網路通訊協定14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗85無線區域網路標準-IEEE802.11SpecifiesasingleMediumAccessControl(MAC)sublayerand3PhysicalLayerSpecifications.Stationscanoperateintwoconfigurations:Ad-hocmodeInfrastructuremodeThreePHYspecificationsFrequencyHoppingSpreadSpectrum(FHSS).DirectSequenceSpreadSpectrum(DSSS).InfraredPHY.13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗4無線區域網路標準-IE14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗86IEEE802.11規範IEEEProject802Charter:Local&MetropolitanAreaNetwork1Mbpsto100Mbpsandhigher2lowerlayersof7LayerOSIReferenceModelIEEE802.11WorkingGroupscope:Wirelessconnectivityforfixed,portableandmovingstationswithinalimitedareaAppeartohigherlayer(LLC)thesameasexisting802standardsApplicationLayerNetworkLayerMACPhysicalLayer...LLCIEEE802.11DataLinkLayer13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗5IEEE802.1114.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗871997/6/26通過成為IEEE802系列標準IEEE802.11架構MediaAccessControlLogicalLinkControlInfraredPhysicalLayerFHSSPhysicalLayerDSSSPhysicalLayer13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗61997/6/26通過14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗88AdHoc網路OneBasicServiceSetDirectedConnectionLimitedCoverageArea13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗7AdHoc網路One14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗89APBSSInfrastructure網路APBasicServiceSetExistingWiredLANDistributionSystemOtherLANsExtendServiceSet13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗8APBSSInfras14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗90Infrastructure網路(cont.)AccessPointandMobileStationDistributedSystemInterconnectMultipleCellsviaAccessPointstoformasinglenetworkExtendsWirelessCoverageAreaMultipleBasicServiceSetsconnectedtogetherformanExtendedServiceSetAllowMobileStationtoaccessfixedresourceSupportRoamingforMobileStationsviaAccessPointPointCoordinationFunction,PowerManagement,TimeSynchronizationsupportthroughAccessPoint13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗9Infrastruct14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗91IEEE802.11ServicesProvidesserviceswiththefollowingfunctionality:roamingwithinaESS,multipledataratesinBSSsandPowerManagement.TheMACprotocolisCarrierSenseMultipleAccesswithCollisionAvoidance(CSMA/CA)MACservicesAssociationserviceAuthenticationserviceDistributionserviceIntegrationserviceDeauthentication/Deassociationservice13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗10IEEE80022成大資訊鄭憲宗92SpreadSpectrumTechnologyDSSS（DirectSequenceSpreadSpectrum）11channelsPN-code長度為11-bit展頻寬度為11MHzFHSS（FrequencyHoppingSpreadSpectrum）78hopsequences頻帶範圍為1MHz，跳頻的頻率為每秒2.5次InfraredRay發展趨勢：DHSS往高速無線區域網路系統發展，適合辦公室環境使用；FHSS會往低價網路應用發展，提供SOHO及家庭應用、或周邊設備之無線網路連結。13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗11SpreadSpe14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗93直接序列展頻（DSSS）13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗12直接序列展頻（DSS14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗94跳頻展頻（FHSS）13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗13跳頻展頻（FHSS）14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗95IEEE802.11TGaTheTGaisworkingonthehighdata-rateextensioninthe5GHzband,project802.11a,wasabletoproduceanewdraftstandardthathasthesupportofatleast80%ofthemembers.TGaislookingatacandidateforworldwidestandardization!13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗14IEEE80022成大資訊鄭憲宗96IEEE802.11TGa(cont.)ThespecificationsofthePhysicalLayerencompassdataratesfrom6Mbit/supto54Mbit/s,with20MHzspacingbetweenadjacentchannels.Allimplementationsarerequiredtosupport6,12and24Mbit/s.Optionalextensionsarefor9,18,36,48and54Mbit/s.Themulti-ratemechanismoftheMACprotocolensuresthatalldevicescommunicatewitheachotheratthebestdatarateinthepresentchannel.13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗15IEEE80022成大資訊鄭憲宗97IEEE802.11TGbTheTGbisworkingontheextensionofthe1and2Mbit/sdataratesinthe2.45GHzbandwith5.5and11Mbit/shasreachedatechnicalcompromisesolutiontoimprovetheco-existenceandinteroperabilitycharacteristicsbetweenoptions.Themulti-ratemechanismwarrantsthatthe11Mbit/soperationcanswitchbackto5.5Mbit/s.Stationsthatareevenfurthercouldswitchbacktothe2and1Mbit/scapabilitiesoftheDSSSmodulation.13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗16IEEE80022成大資訊鄭憲宗98CSMA/CD(LAN)Senddataifthemediumissensed“idle”Ifcollideswithotherhost(s), thenbackoffforarandomnumberoftimesRe-senddatalater13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗17CSMA/CD(L14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗99HiddenTerminalProblemBACdatadata13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗18HiddenTer14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗100SolutiontoHTPBACRequestGrant13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗19Solutiont14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗101DetectionofCollisionBACRequestRequest13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗20Detection14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗102BACRequestAisGrantAisGrantDCollisionAvoidance13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗21BACReques14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗103RTS/CTS/data/ACKandNAVsetting13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗22RTS/CTS/da14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗104SomeIFSrelationshipsandbasicaccessmethod13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗23SomeIFSr14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗105RandombackofftimeBackofftime=INT(CW*Random())*aSlotTimeINT(x):小於或等於x的最大整數CW(contentionwindowparameter):介於CWmin和Cwmax間的整數,CW依序遞增的順序為(7,15,31,63,127,255,255,255……)Random():介於0到1間的實數aSlotTime:傳送器開啟延遲+媒介傳遞延遲+媒介忙碌偵測反應時間13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗24Randombac14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗106AnexampleofexponentialincreaseofCW13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗25Anexample14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗107Backoffprocedure13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗26Backoffpr14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗108Transmissionofamulti-fragmentMPDUusingSIFS13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗27Transmissi14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗109RTS/CTSwithfragmentedMSDU13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗28RTS/CTSwi14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗110RTS/CTSwithtransmitterpriorityandmissedacknowledgment13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗29RTS/CTSwi14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗111Directdata/ACKMPDU13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗30Directdat14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗112無線區域網路軟體技術架構WLANPlatformEmbeddedControlSoftwareWLANManagementUtilityNetworkApplicationsDSSSFHSSMediaAccessControlNetworkDriver(NDIS)SocketInterfaceMobileIPSNMPAgentSecurityDistributedServiceE-MailFileTransferRemoteAccessMobileDataDECTU-NIIorISMbandETSI13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗31無線區域網路軟體技術14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗113無線應用通訊協定WirelessApplicationProtocol(WAP)13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3214.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗114無線上網趨勢日本NTT的DoCoMo

於2/1999推出無線上網服務，一年內累積3百萬用戶，每週增加10萬人WAPForum於1997年成立，至1999年12月全世界有200家無線通訊事業成為會員(95%市場之相關業者投入)1999年，WAP是手機使用者最熱門話題之一13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗33無線上網趨勢日本NT14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗115無線上網趨勢(續)1999年在台灣銷售180萬隻手機前兩大廠─Motorola於2000上半年WAP手機佔40%，下半年100%投入；Nokia則佔30%。國內新上市的手機六到七成內建WAP功能台灣已超過1000萬人有行動手機，而PC上網人數約3至4百萬語音：數據─95%:5%(2000);40%:60%(2005)13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗34無線上網趨勢(續)14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗116全球無線通訊用戶成長13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗35全球無線通訊用戶成長14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗117預估未來WAP手機的佔有率13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗36預估未來WAP手機的14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗11813.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3714.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗11913.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗3814.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗120手持型元件之延革13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗39手持型元件之延革14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗12113.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗4014.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗122bringtheinternetcontentandadvancedservicesto後PC時代之userscreateaglobalwirelessprotocoltoworkacrossdifferingwirelessnetworktechnologies

enableapplicationstoscaleacrossavarietyoftransportoptionsanddevicetypesWhat’sWAPfor?13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗41bringthe14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗123WhatisdefinedinWAP?Micro-BrowserScriptingtoenhanceMScapabilitiesWTA/WTAIfortelephonefunctionality(e.g.callchains)ContentFormatsbusinesscard(vCard)calendarevent(vCalendar)LayeredTelecommunicationStack13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗42Whatisde14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗124Comparison13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗43Comparison14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗12513.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗4414.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗126GoalsforWTP(WAPv1.1)acommoninterfacetophysicaltransportmechanismsprovideaport-basedabstractinterfacetoupperlayerprotocolsallowapplicationsdesignedindependentfromspecifictransportsextensibletoavarietyofdigitalwirelessnetworksandfuturetransportoptions13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗45Goalsfor14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗127GoalsforWTP(cont.)supportsconnection-oriented,transaction,anddatagrammodesoptimizefornarrowtomediumbandwidthchannelstobecapableofimplementationinalowmemoryfootprint,suitableforstandardorlow-IQhandsets13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗46Goalsfor14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗128RequirementsforWTPWTP/Cprovidesareliableconnection-orientedservicetotheupperlayerWTP/Tprovidesareliabletransaction-orientedservicesuitableforwebbrowsingWTP/Dprovidesadatagramservicelightweight:implementablein<=10Kb(lowmemory/computationalneeds)13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗47Requiremen14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗129WTP/Dfeatures

(WDPinWAPv1.2)WTP/D(Datagram)providesaconnection-less,unreliabledatagramserviceWTP/DisreplacedbyUDPwhenusedoveranIPnetworklayer.usestheServicePrimitiveT-UnitData.req.ind13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗48WTP/Dfeat14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗130WAPv1.2WirelessBearers:SMSUSSDCSDIS-136CDMAIDENCDPDPDC-PGPRSWirelessApplicationEnvironment(WAE)WirelessSessionProtocol(WSP)WirelessTransactionProtocol(WTP)WirelessTransportLayerSecurity(WTLS)Datagrams(UDP/IP)Datagrams(WDP)OtherServicesandApplicationsWirelessBearers:SMSUSSDCSDIS-136CDMAIDENCDPDPDC-PGPRSWirelessApplicationEnvironment(WAE)WirelessSessionProtocol(WSP)WirelessTransactionProtocol(WTP)WirelessTransportLayerSecurity(WTLS)Datagrams(UDP/IP)Datagrams(WDP)OtherServicesandApplications13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗49WAPv1.2W14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗131WTP/Tfeatures

(WTPinWAPv1.2)

WTP/T(Transaction)providesreliabledatatransferbasedonrequest/replyparadigmnoexplicitconnectionsetuporteardowndatacarriedinfirstpacketofprotocolexchangeseekstoreduce3-wayhandshakeoninitialrequest13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗50WTP/Tfeat14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗132WTP/Tfeatures(cont.)

supportsretransmissionoflostpacketsselective-retransmissionsegmentation/re-assemblyportnumberaddressing(specifictoWTP/T)flowcontrolmessageoriented(notstream)supportsanAbortfunctionforoutstandingrequests13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗51WTP/Tfeat14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗133WirelessSessionProtocol

WSP/BprovidesupperlayerswithsessionservicesandmanagementWSP/BProvidessemanticsandmechanismsbasedonHTTP1.1WSPprovidesmeansto:establishareliablesessionfromclienttoserveragreeoncommonlevelofprotocolfunctionalitybycapabilitynegotiationcompactencodingsuspendandresume13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗52WirelessS14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗134WSPfeaturesHTTP1.1functionalityExchangeofclientandserversessionheadersInterruptmechanismfortransactionsinprocessContentPushfromservertoclientNegotiationformultiple,simultaneousasynchronoustransactions13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗53WSPfeatur14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗135WTLSRecordProtocol

4recordprotocolclients:ThehandshakeprotocolThechangecipherspecprotocolThealertprotocolTheapplicationdataprotocolWTLSconnectionstate:theoperatingenvironmentforrecordprotocolcompression/encryptionalgorithmMACalgorithm--keys13.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗54WTLSRecor14.12.2022成大資訊鄭憲宗136RecordProtocolUsage

HandshakeprotocolNegotiatesecureattributesofasecuresessionauthentication,securityparametersettingsChangecipherspecprotocolSignaltransitionsincipheringstrategiessentbeforeverifyingfinishedmessageAlertprot