exp1-updated lj microscopy and cell cycle生命科学综合实验Ⅰ

实验 光学显微镜的使用及细胞融实验 骨髓干细胞的培养与定向分

66学实验 分光光度计使用（蛋白质含量测定，碱性磷酸 常实验实验的测定层离心（单个核细胞的分离，B淋巴细胞的鉴定6学66学实验电泳（SDS电泳6实验ACE多态性检6实验临床生化实验－正常大鼠和大鼠血糖血脂测6学考试3成绩：实验报告80%，出勤和课堂表现15%，其他形式的考试（笔试5%）实验报告的书写实验实验原理（简单明了实验步骤（简单明了，如流程图实验结果（详细，包含原始数据实验实验报告上交时间：提前一周的新实验开实验报告的评分LabreportsmustbewrittenbyeachgroupwillresultinagradeofzerofortheForprocedures:simpleandclear,mustbeconsistantwiththerealconditionyouhavedoneinclass.Forresults:originaldata,anyalterations,mistakesorcorrectionsmustbeincluded.Diagramsandflowchartsare ForExplainyourresults(includeexplanationofunpredictedorinconsistentresults)andwhatyouthinktheresultsmean.Drawageneralconclusionaboutyourresults.WhatwouldyouchangeifyouweretodotheexperimentAnswerthought生化实验的基 要实验课是学生理论联系实际，应用知识、训练实验技能，培养科学求实精神及谨学风的重要教学环节，每个学生都必须重 地上好实验课进 必须穿着白大褂不无 、早退，不乱 ，不乱倒试液，不吃东西，不喧哗打闹要爱 公物，使用仪器设备须经教师同意，实验中如发现仪器设备运行常，应 告教师处理。实验结束时，所用仪器设备经教师检查后方可离开严格按实验步骤要求行验数实验报告、数据处理现象分析都独立完成禁虚 、 人报按时上交实验报告。使用煤气加热应有人照看。使用水、电、煤气后应立即关闭。离开时应注意检查仪器设备、水、电、煤气及其它可燃气体是否关闭妥当，药品是实验结束要值日，做清洁卫生ExperimentOrdinaryopticalYing-YuDivisionofcellbiologyDepartmentofRegenerativemedicineTongjiUniversitySchoolofmedicine: Results ThoughtKnowledge③usageskillsofAbility

②workingprinciplesof④BiologicaldrawingMoral①polite;②team-workingspirit;③selfcaretheirthingsKeyanddifficultpointsforKey①microscope②workingprincipleof③methodstousingmicroscope④powerormagnificationofanordinaryopticalDifficult①understandtheworkingprincipleof②findaclearimageofsomeobjectrapidlyunder③drawacellamplifiedunder(I)Structuresof①②①②③⑧⑦⑥⑨④⑤

AnyopticallensmadeoftransparentmaterialorglasswithcurvedsurfacecanobjectamplifyingandModernopticalmicroscopeusuallyadoptstwo-stageamplification, plishedbyimage,whichthenwillbefurtheramplifiedsecond-stagebyeyelensintoinvertedvirtualimage,ortheimagecaughtbyhumaneyes.Anobjectivelenswithveryshortfocallength(oftenafewmm)isusedtoformamagnifiedrealimageoftheobject,thenoftheeyepiece,usuallyacompoundlenswithonecomponentlensnearthefrontandtheothernearthebackoftheeyepiecetube,thefirstlensbringtherealimagetoafocusbetweenthetwolensesoftheeyepieceandthesecondlensenabletheeyetofocusonthevirtualimage.Totalmagnification=objectivelensmagnification×eyelens(II)Workingvirtual (II)Working eyepieceTotalmagnification=objectivelensmagnification×eyelens【PrincipleMagnification:thedegreeofenlargementoftheimageoftheobject.Totalmagnification=objectivelensmagnification×eyelensmagnificationResolvingpower(λ/2NA)istheabilityofanopticalmicroscopetoshowtwoobjectsasseparate.Itisininverseproportiontothewavelengthofsubstance,andindirectproportiontothenumericalaperture(NA).Contrastistheabilitytodeterminesameparticulardetailofspecimenagainstitsbackground.AdjustmentofcondenserorstainingthespecimenwithdyesmayincreasetheMagnificationOcularTotalLowHighCharactersforstandardCorrespondingtofocallengthsofabout40mmto2mm,anddistancesfrom7mmto0.2mm,Objectivelenseswithhighermagnificationsnormallyhaveahighernumericalapertureandashorterdepthoffieldintheresultingimage.Numericalaperture(NA)isproportionaltorefractiveindexof(数值孔径与介质折射率成正比MicroOcularmicrometer：aroundslide,inthemiddleofslide,a5mmlengthisequallydividedinto50parts,ora10mmlengthisequallydividedinto100parts.Stagemicrometer：aslidewithaccuratebisectrixinthemiddle.Usually,1mmisequallydividedinto100parts,andwith10μm(0.01mm)inlength，whichisusedtocorrectocularmicrometer.Correctingocular目微尺微尺每小格长度

ThephysicallengthofthemarksonthescaleonthedegreeofMitosisGeneralMakesureallbackpacksandjunkareoutofthePlugyourmicroscopeintothepowerAlwaysstartandendwiththeScanningObjective.Donotremoveslideswiththehighpowerobjectiveintoplace-thiswillscratchtheAlwayswrapelectriccordsandcovermicroscopesbeforereturningthemtothecabinet.MicroscopesshouldbestoredwiththeScanningObjectiveclickedintoplace.AlwayscarrymicroscopesbythearmandsetthemflatonyourFocusingAlwaysstartwiththescanningobjective.Oddsare,youwillbeabletoseesomethingonthissetting.UsetheCoarseKnobtofocus,imagemaybesmallatthismagnification,butyouwon'tbeabletofinditonthehigherpowerswithoutthisfirststep.Donotusestageclips,trymovingtheslidearounduntilyoufindsomething.Onceyou'vefocusedonScanning,switchtoLowPower.UsetheCoarseKnobtoAgain,ifyouhaven'tfocusedonthislevel,youwillnotbeabletomovetothenextNowswitchtoHighPower.(Ifyouhaveathickslide,oraslidewithoutacover,doNOTusethehighpowerobjective).Atthispoint,ONLYusetheFineAdjustmentKnobtofocusIfthespecimenistoolightortoodark,tryadjustingtheIfyouseealineinyourviewingfield,trytwistingtheeyepiece,thelineshouldmove.That'sbecauseit’sapointer,andisusefulforpointingoutthingstoyourlabpartnerorDrawingUseHBpencil-youcaneraseandshadeAlldrawingsshouldincludeclearandproperlabels(andbelargeenoughtoviewdetails).Drawingsshouldbelabeledwiththespecimennameandmagnification.Labelsshouldbewrittenontheoutsideofthecircleandatthesamesideasyoucanaspossible.Thecircleindicatestheviewingfieldasseenthroughtheeyepiece,specimensshouldbedrawntoscale–i.e.ifyourspecimentakesupthewholeviewingfield,makesureyourdrawingreflectsthat.Shadeareasshouldbedenselyorsparselydottedwithpencilcarefully,notcommaordotwithtail.UseunlinedwhitepaperandasharpHBIncludeFigure#:TitleandLabeldrawingofthefieldofview. Labelontherightusingstraightlineswhichshouldnever ameofWriteMagnificationyouwereviewingwhenyoudrewtheorganism:ocularXLetter“a”mountingBlue-redwoolmountinglongitudinalsectionsoffrogkidney pinalcordSmoothmusclecellmountingMitosismountingofCells(2n=16)ofroottipofonionMitosismountingoffertilizedeggs(2n=4)ofhorseOrdinaryopticalLensabsorbentcedarRootelongationmeristematicroot

MitosisinPlantLongitudinalsectionsofonion Figure1.7MitosisinonionroottipMitosisinanimalMitosisinanimalMitosisinzygotesofhorse (laterl

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ComparisonofcelldivisionbetweencellsandanimalcellcellCytokinesisinanimal CytokinesisinplantTask1:observeword“a”First,observeitssizeandlocationontheslidebynakedPutthe“a”slideunderthelowamplificationlens,payattentiontothedifferencefromwhatyouseebyyournakedObservetheoppositedirectionofmovementwhenyouseethe“a”underthemicroscopeandbyyournakedeyes.Task2:preparationandobservationofhumanmucosaepithelialhumanhumanbuccalmucosaepithelial表1- 目镜测微目尺校正结物镜 目微尺格数 台微尺格数 目微尺校正值(um)10X40X：表1- 人口腔粘膜上皮细胞大小测定记 （格

平均结果计算长μm＝均格数×校正值宽μm＝平均格数×校正值大小表示μmμm=Task3:ObservechromosomecharacteristicsduringdifferentphasesofcellExaminepreparedslidesofbothonionroottipsandroundwormblastula.Locatethemeristematicregionoftheonion,orlocatethezygoteswiththe10×objective,andthenusethe40×objectivetostudyindividualcells.ObservecellsindifferentphasesofTrytoconsolidatethedistinctivefeaturesofeachTrytoestimatethenumberofchromosomesofthisFindacellundergoingResultsandResult:Draw(1)Whichpartoftherootwaschosenforobservingmitosis?ImageistooAdjustthediaphragm,makesureyourlightisThere’saspotinmyviewingfield,evenwhenImovetheslide,thestaysinthesameYourlensisdirty.Uselenspaper,andonlylenspapertocarefullycleantheandocularlens.TheocularlenscanberemovedtocleantheIcan’tseeanythingunderhighRememberthestep,ifyoucan’tfocusunderscanningandthenl