名师指津高三英语二轮复习 第一部分 阅读理解 四选一阅读 考点破解

解考点破编辑ppt阅读下列选段,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。1.段落大意考点1：主旨大意题真题再练△WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.编辑ppt1.A段落大意。解答主旨题，第一步，用略读法(skimming)找主题句，本段第一句为主题句：Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.(成年人通常会惊讶于他们会对自己儿时学过的东西虽然之后从未再练习过但依然记得很清楚。)；第二步，根据主题句选出答案：选项A“人们对儿时学的东西记得很清楚”与主题句意思相符，故选A项。编辑ppt2.文章大意△Whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout?A.Convenienceforskiersbroughtaboutbyprivatecars.B.Skiingasanewwayofenjoyingone’ssparetime.C.Thingstobeconsideredwhenstartingaskiresort.D.AsuddenincreaseofskitrainingclassesinBeijing.编辑ppt2.B文章大意。第一步，用略读法(skimming)抓大意，读第一段首尾句和第二段首句可知大意：追求快乐的中产阶级的迅速增长掀起了滑雪运动新热潮，自10年前北京第一个滑雪场开放后，该项运动以惊人的速度增长，现已有十几个滑雪场。第二步，对照各选项选出答案：A“私家车的普及给滑雪者带来方便”，B“滑雪是享受业余时间的新方式”，C“开办一个滑雪场需要考虑的事情”，D“北京滑雪培训课程突然增多”；与主题相符的只有B项。编辑ppt3.文章标题△Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FromIndiatoAustralia.B.LivinginaNewCountry.C.TurningTrashtoTreasure.D.InSearchofNewFriends.编辑ppt3.C文章标题。第一步，用略读法(skimming)抓大意，最后一段第一句“那个家庭不但找回了重要文件……”为主题句，再由汉语注释“垃圾桶”，浏览全文，可知：作者丈夫丢失了重要的文件，有一家好心人从垃圾桶拾到后送还给作者的丈夫。第二步，对照各选项选出答案：C“变废为宝”符合。编辑ppt思路点拨

任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），也会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。编辑ppt主旨大意题包括：1.主要内容型：题干中常含有mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等词。2.文章标题型：题干中常含有title。标题就是对文章的主要意思的概括。标题多用短语（特别是名词短语）的形式，且具有以下三个特点：(1)概括性；(2)针对性；(3)醒目性。编辑ppt(1)表转折的词。段落中出现but,however,actually,while,infact,onthecontrary,incontrast等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。做主旨大意题的关键是要找到文章的主题句，找主题句的方法是略读法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，每段的首尾句等。找主题句，还要特别留意以下五种情况：编辑ppt(2)表总结的词。如therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词后内容也可能是主题句。(3)多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词就是体现文章主旨的关键词。编辑ppt(4)实验结论的句子。如theirstudiesshowthat…或theexperimentshowsthat…中that从句的内容很可能就是主旨。(5)若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。解题步骤是首先用略读法找到主题句，然后对照各选项，选出正确答案。编辑ppt考点练透1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.CulturalDifferencesB.SmilesandRelationshipC.FacialExpressivenessD.HabitsandEmotions编辑ppt1.C文章标题。本段结构是“主题句+例证(forexample)”。第一步，用略读法(skimming)抓大意，本文首句及第六、七句(Itcanalso…Itoften…acrosscultures)为主题句：面部表情的意思由所处的情境与相互间的关系来决定，面部表情在跨文化交际时会产生困惑(不同文化意思不同)，综合两者可知“面部表情的含义很丰富”；第二步，对照各选项选出答案：A“文化差异”，B“微笑与关系”，C“丰富的面部表情”，D“习惯与情感”，显然C项正确。编辑ppt2.Whatismainlydiscussedinthisparagraph?A.Thelearningofnewwords.B.Theimportanceofoldwords.C.Therelationofhumanexperiencewithwords.D.Thegradualchangeanddevelopmentofwords.C主要内容。该段前两句“单词的力量在于它们的关系——我们头脑中的东西。凭我们的经验单词被赋予了意义”是主题句，后面两个themore…themore…都是它的支撑句；选项C“单词与人类经验的关系”符合该主题。编辑ppt3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Hoatzinsindryandrainyseasons.B.Therelativesandenemiesofhoatzins.C.PrimitivebirdsandhoatzinsoftheAmazon.D.Theappearanceandlivinghabitsofhoatzins.D主要内容。由第一段末句可知，前面描写的鸟类动物叫麝雉，下面几段进一步描写其外貌和生活习性，故选D项。编辑ppt4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.CRM:ANewWaytoMakeFlyingSafeB.FlyingMakesMeaBetterDoctorC.TheMakingofaGoodPilotD.APilot-TurnedDoctorB文章标题。本文主题句是第一段中的butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon(成为一名飞行员使我成为一位更好的外科医生)。接着作者叙述当飞行员时学到了CRM，第二段讲飞行中运用CRM转危为安的经历，第三段讲在手术时运用CRM。对照各选项，只有B项正确。编辑ppt5.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover’sHelperD文章标题。由第一段最后一句中“astrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebird…”可知。故选D项。编辑ppt6.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FamilyFoodPlanningB.BankingonGardeningC.ABelt-tighteningMoveD.GardeningasaHobbyB文章标题。由本段的主题句(第一句)可知，美国人由于高昂的生活成本和衰退的经济，开始从事园艺蔬菜种植来减少家庭的开支，故选B项。编辑ppt考点2：事实细节题真题再练1.直接信息题

(2015新课标卷Ⅰ·21)November7thTheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofcanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswillexplainhowBrindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontotheeducationofthatgroupofearly“civilengineers”.编辑ppt△WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley?A.February6th. B.March6th.C.November7th. D.December5th.C直接信息题。本题问：关于JamesBrindley的讲座什么时候开始？第一步，读题：抓住关键词when和JamesBrindley；第二步，用关键词定位相关信息：用JamesBrindley可将答案信息点定位在含JamesBrindleyisrecognizedas…的段落；第三步，辨认信息：对应标题已有明确的时间：November7th，故选C项。编辑ppt2.语意转换题(2015新课标卷I·25)Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend,butthebestpart—particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold—weatherrootvegetables—wasat7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.编辑ppt△Whatmadetheauthor’sgettingupearlyworthwhile?A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmer’smarket.D语意转换题。本题问：是什么使作者觉得早起很值得？第一步，读题：抓住关键词what,gettingupearly,worthwhile；编辑ppt第二步，用early或worth定位相关信息：but…totheSarasotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall(去萨拉索塔农贸市场结果证明非常值得早起)；第三步，对照各选项，可知选D：早起去当地农贸市场很值得。句中morethan意为“非常”。文中“bemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall”与题干中的“madegettingupearlyworthwhile”，以及文中的“at7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers’market”与选项D中的“Visitingalocalfarmer’smarket”是语意转换。编辑ppt3.细节推断题

(2014年全国卷I·26)Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.编辑ppt△Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds. C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.C细节推断题。本题问：旅鸽被杀的原因是什么？第一步，读题：抓住关键词reason和tokillpassengerpigeons；编辑ppt第二步，用kill定位相关信息：找到killedthembythethousands,顺着读找到该段最后一句“Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.”(用船运到大城市卖给饭店)；第三步，细节推断：捕杀旅鸽卖给饭店，为什么？赚钱！故选C项。编辑ppt4.数字计算题

(2010新课标卷Ⅱ·55)AriauAmazonTowersTheAriauAmazonTowershotel…Prices,startingat＄300onenightforeachpersonforaregularroomandgoingallthewayupto＄3000fortheTarzanSuite.…TheIceHotelEverywinterinJukkasjarvi,…编辑pptPrices:startingat＄318onenightforeachpersonforeitheracoldroomorawarmone.…PropellerIslandPropellerIslandCityLodgeis…Prices:startingatjust＄91anight,andanadditionalpersonforonly20extradollars.…编辑ppt△Fortwopersonsspendinganightinoneofthesehotels,theyhavetopayatleast____.A.＄111B.＄182C.＄600D.＄636A数字计算题。本题问：在这些酒店里，两人住一晚最少要花多少钱？第一步，读题：抓住关键词twopersons,anight和atleast；第二步，信息定位：浏览三个酒店的Prices，最低的是startingatjust＄91，全句是“startingatjust＄91anight,andanadditionalpersonforonly20extradollars”；第三步，简单运算：91＋20＝111；故选A项。编辑ppt5.图表信息题(2010新课标卷I·56)编辑ppt△Howmuchistheadmissionforafamilyoftwogrown-upsandtwochildren？A.￡9.80. B.￡12.00.C.￡14.20. D.￡16.40.B要求看图找信息。本题问：一个两大人和两小孩的家庭的门票多少钱？第一步，读题：抓住关键词“afamilyoftwogrown-upsandtwochildren”;第二步，阅读图表：Adult￡4.90,Child￡2.20,Family￡12.00(2adults+upto3children)；第三步，分析图表信息：家庭票的价格包括两个大人再加至多三个小孩，本题是两大人和两小孩，适合该套票。故选B项。编辑ppt思路点拨

事实细节题针对文中某个细节或某个具体事实提问。答案信息点可能只涉及一个句子，也可能是数句，还可能涉及整段话甚至是跨段落理解。研究近几年高考真题可知，事实细节题包括：

1.直接信息题。就是在原文可直接找到答案的题，每年一篇的通知、公告或布告之类的应用文或指导性说明文，多半是这类题。编辑ppt2.语意转换题。在文中不能直接找到现存的答案，正确答案与文中信息虽意思相同但表达方式不同。3.细节推断题。就是在理解文中具体信息的基础上，要进行简单推理才可选出正确答案。4.数字计算题。在文中找到相关数字，进行简单计算得出答案。编辑ppt5.图表信息题。要理解图表上的信息，有的题目还要将图表信息与文字信息相结合才能得出正确答案。论哪类事实细节题，我们在弄清题目所问之后，第一步在题干中选定关键词；第二步用选定的关键词(一般用1个或两个)去文中寻找依据；第三步，仔细阅读找到的信息句及其上下句，对照选项，选出正确答案。可概括为“一定二找三比较”。编辑ppt考点练透1.(2015新课标卷Ⅰ·22）February6thAnUpdateontheCotswordCanals,byLizPayne.TheSmoudwaterCanalismovingtowardsreopening.TheThamesandSevernCanalwilltakealittlelonger.Wewillhaveareportonthepresentstateofplay.编辑ppt△WhatisthetopicofthetalkinFebruary?A.TheCanalPioneersB.IcefortheMetropolisC.EyotsandAits-ThamesIslandsD.AnUpdateontheCotswordCanalsD直接信息题。根据日期February6th下面内容的第一句AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals可知，二月的讲座就是该主题，故选D项。编辑ppt2.(2014年新课标卷Ⅱ·21)ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.编辑ppt△WhatdidRashidplantodoafterhisarrivalinSydney?A.Goshopping. B.Findahouse.C.Joinhisfamily. D.Takehisfamily.B直接信息题。根据“Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren”可知，作者的丈夫是要找房子，故选B项。编辑ppt3.（2015新课标卷I·29）SalvadorDali(1904-1989)wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.编辑pptThereisalsoL’EnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist’sshowmanqualities.△WhatisDali’sThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessfulscreenadaptation.C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebeatTVprogrammes.编辑pptA语意转换题。由题干中ThePersistenceofMemory可在文中定位信息：thevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory,由此可知，在展览的所有作品中，参观者发现一些最好的、其中最重要的是ThePersistenceofMemory，与A项中oneofhismasterworks(代表作)意思相同，故选A项。编辑ppt4.(2015新课标卷I·32)ConflictisonthemenutonightatthecaféLaChope.Thisevening,asoneveryThursdaynight,psychologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance’sfavoritepastimes,coffeedrinkingandthe“talkingcure”.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.Itisn’talwayseasy.编辑ppt△WhatarepeopleencouragedtodoatthecaféLaChope?A.Learnanewsubject.B.Keepintouchwithfriends.C.Showofftheirknowledge.D.Expresstheirtruefeelings.D语意转换题。由本段中“Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.”可知，在LaChope咖啡馆，人们可以学会“要与自己内心真实的情感触碰”，即，在LaChope咖啡馆，人们被鼓励要表达真实情感，与D项对应。故选D项。编辑ppt5.(2014年全国卷II·27)Greatimprovementhasbeenachieved.In1988therewereonly600recyclingprograms;todayin1995thereareabout6,600.Advancedlights,motors,andbuildingdesignshavehelpedsavealotofenergyandthereforepreventedpollution.△WhathaveAmericansachievedinenvironmentalprotection?A.Theyhavecutcaremissionstothelowest.B.Theyhavesettledtheirenvironmentalproblems.C.TheyhaveloweredtheirCOlevelsinfortycities.D.Theyhavereducedpollutionthrougheffectivemeasures.编辑pptD细节推断题。本题问：在环保方面，美国人已经有了什么样的成绩？由问题关键词achieve,environmentalprotection可定位含有相关信息的段落为倒数第二段，即所选段；“(环保)已得到巨大进展。1995年，美国已经有了6600项再循环计划，还有了许多可用于生活中的先进的节能产品”，根据整段三句话概括可知，美国已经通过有效的措施来减少了污染，故选D项。编辑ppt6.(2008年全国卷II卷·49)…Forexample,somemightsay,“Ijustwonahundreddollarsonthelottery(彩票).Itwasgreat.Itookthatdollarticketbacktothestoreandturneditinforonehundreddollars!”Thisguy’sawinner,right?Maybe,maybenot.Wethendiscoverthathebought＄200worthoftickets,andonlyonewasawinner.He’sreallyabigloser!…编辑ppt△Howmuchdidthelotterywinnerlose?A.Onehundreddollars.B.Twohundreddollars.C.Threehundreddollars.D.Fourhundreddollars.A数字计算题。根据“Ijustwonahundreddollarsonthelottery.”和“Wethendiscoverthathebought＄200worthoftickets,andonlyonewasawinner.”可知，此人共买200美元的彩票，最后中了一次100美元的奖，因此，他实际上损失了100美元，故选A项。编辑ppt考点3：推理判断题真题再练1.推断隐含意义

(2015新课标卷II·29)Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear(间隔年)beforegoingtouniversity.Itusedtobethe“yearoff”betweenschoolanduniversity.Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginatedwiththemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.…编辑pptThatisarecord14.7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.TonyHigginsfromUCASsaidthatthestatisticsaregoodnewsforeveryoneinhighereducation…△Whatdowelearnaboutthegapyearfromthetext?A.Itisflexibleinlength.B.Itisatimeforrelaxation.C.Itisincreasinglypopular.D.Itisrequiredbyuniversities.编辑ppt1.C推断隐含意义。本题问：我们从短文中了解了有关间隔年的什么情况？第一步，找依据：第一段第一句“Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear…”以及最后一段第一句“Thatisarecord14.7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.”；第二步，理解字面意思：“休间隔年的学生比以往任何时候都多”“休间隔年的学生的人数增长了14.7%”；第三步，推断：间隔年在学生中变得越来越普遍。故选C项。编辑ppt2.推断写作目的

(2012年全国卷II·44)Coldweathercanbehardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheircatsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.编辑pptKeepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad…Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter…△Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tosolveaproblem.B.Togivepracticaladvice.C.Totellaninterestingstory.D.Topresentaresearchresult.编辑ppt2.B推断写作目的。本题问：作者写本文的目的是什么？第一步，找依据：第一段最后一句“Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe”；第二步，理解字面意思：为保持你的动物温暖而又安全，有几件事你是可以做到的；第三步，推断：本文的目的是给那些养宠物的人一些实用的建议。故选B项。编辑ppt3.推断文章出处

(2013新课标卷I·63)Thebabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert(警觉).Twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanother,thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheother,hergaze(凝视)startstoloseitsfocus—untilathird,withthreeblackspots,ispresented.编辑pptHergazereturns:shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree,just24hoursaftercomingintotheworld?Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?Thesameexperiment,butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo,showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges…编辑ppt△Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Sciencefiction. B.Children’sliterature. C.Anadvertisement. D.Asciencereport.3.D推断文章出处。本题问：这篇短文可能选自哪里？第一步，找依据：在文中找到关键词researchers，experiment等；第二步，理解字面意思：研究人员，实验；第三步，推断：本文是研究人员通过实验来得出结论，应是一篇科学报道。故选D项。A项“科幻小说”；B项“儿童文学”；C项“广告”均不符合题意。编辑ppt4.推断作者观点态度

(2015新课标卷I·24)ThefreezingNortheasthasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sunshine”.Ileftforthelandofwarmthand…IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwouldn’tbeexperiencingagainformonths.编辑ppt△WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?A.Exciting. B.Boring.C.Relaxing. D.Annoying.B推断作者观点态度。本题问：作者认为纽约冬天的生活怎么样？第一步，找依据：第一段第一句“ThefreezingNortheasthasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter…”;第二步，理解字面意思：美国东北部的冬天太冷，不是一个打发时间的好地方；第三步，推断：由“寒冷(freezing)”“无趣(not…fun)”可知，作者认为纽约冬天的生活非常无聊(boring)。故选B项。编辑ppt5.推断文体类型(2014新课标卷I·23)TheCambridgeScienceFestivalCuriosityChallengeDaretoTaketheCuriosityChallenge!TheCambridgeScienceFestival(CSF)ispleasedtoinformyouofthesixthannualCuriosityChallenge.Thechallengeinvites,evendaresschoolstudentsbetweentheagesof5and14tocreateartworkorapieceofwritingthatshowstheircuriosityandhowitinspiresthemtoexploretheirworld.…编辑pptBetweenMarch10thandMarch15th,eachwinnerwillbegiventhespecificsoftheclosingceremonyandtheCuriosityChallengecelebration.Theprogramguidelinesandotherrelatedinformationareavailableat:http://.△Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.Anexhibitionguide.B.Anartshowreview.C.Anannouncement.D.Anofficialreport.编辑ppt5.C文体判断题。由第二句“DaretoTaketheCuriosityChallenge!”(敢不敢来参加好奇心挑战)和全文末句“Theprogramguidelinesandotherrelatedinformationareavailableat…”(项目指南和相关信息可在……网上找到)，可知这是一则通知。另外，文中有参加的人员，交什么样的作品到何时何地，何时颁奖，等等，都明显告诉读者这是一则通知。其他选项：展览指南、艺展回顾/评论、官方报告，均与文章内容不符。编辑ppt思路点拨

推理判断题要求考生能从文章的字里行间体会、推敲作者的言外之意或弦外之音。从以上真题可知，推理判断题包括：

1.推断隐含意义：题干中常包含有infer,suggest,learnabout等词。要做到判断有据,推论有理。要注意不要选择表层信息的答案，而是立足于由已知推断未知。编辑ppt2.推断写作目的：题干中常含有purpose,inorderto等词。不同文体的文章可能有不同的写作目的：(1)toentertainorinstructreaders(如故事类文章)；(2)topersuadereaders(如广告)；(3)toinformreaders,toexplainsth.(如科普类、新闻报道类或文化类文章）。编辑ppt3.推断文章出处：题干中常有comefrom,mostprobablyappear,mostlikelytobetakenfrom等，解答此类题应在了解文章的内容或结构的基础上，结合文体常识来判断。常用的文体有anewsreport,anadvertisement,ageographybook,abooklet等。编辑ppt4.推断作者观点态度：题干中常包含有thinkof,attitude,opinion等词，我们要善于捕捉描写环境气氛，表达感情、态度观点和心理的词句来推断作者的观点态度。不论哪类推断题，我们在弄清题目和所问之后，第一步就是用查读法(scanning)在文中找到依据，即答题信息点；第二步，理解相关信息；第三步，结合已有常识，进行适度的符合情理的推断，从而得出答案。编辑ppt考点练透1.(2014新课标卷II·67）OneofthelatesttrendsinAmericanChildcareisChineseaupairs(互惠生).AuPairinStamford,forexample,hasgotincreasingnumbersofrequestforChineseaupairsfromzerotoaround4,000since2004.Andthat’strueallacrossthecountry.…编辑pptThepopularityofaupairsfromChinahasbeenstrengthenedbytheincreasingnumbersofAmericanparentswhowanttheirchildrentolearnChinese.ItisexpectedthatAmericandemandforaupairswillcontinuetoriseinthenextfewyears.编辑ppt△Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.LearningChineseisbecomingpopularinAmerica.B.Educatedwomandobetterinlookingafterchildren.C.ChineseaupairsneedtoimprovetheirEnglishskills.D.Childrencanlearnaforeignlanguagewellinsixmonths.1.A推断隐含意义。根据第一段第一句以及最后一段第一句可知，请一个aupairs在美国越来越流行了，即A选项。B和C项原文未提到。D项错误,应排除。故选A项。编辑ppt2.（2014新课标卷I·30）Inreality,it’sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion’sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelion…编辑pptHowoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve—onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.编辑ppt△Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?A.Tolerant. B.Doubtful.C.Respectful. D.Supportive.2.B推断作者态度。根据第三段可知，专家们一直在争论哪个是最好的，而面临选择的人们在如此复杂的信息面前仍旧困惑，因此专家们并不能结束人们困惑的问题。由此可见，作者对专家持“怀疑”态度。此外，从文中用词看，tonoend，conflictinginformation，wrongthings等，都说明对专家持怀疑否定的态度，故选B项。A、C、D项均不符合。编辑ppt3.(2013新课标卷I·67)Butwhenaskedwhichauthorstheyactuallyenjoy,peoplenamedJ.K.Rowling,JohnGrisham,SophieKinsella(ah,thebigsellers,inotherwords).Forty-twopercentofpeopleaskedadmittedtheyturnedtothebackofthebooktoreadtheendbeforefinishingthestory(I’llcomeclean:Idothisandamastonishedthat58percentsaidtheyhadneverdoneso).编辑ppt△Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto58%ofreaders?A.Favorable. B.Uncaring.C.Doubtful. D.Friendly.3.C推断作者态度。由本段第二句可知，58%的人说他们从来没有以先读结局再看故事的方式读书，再根据astonished一词可推知作者对此应是持怀疑的态度。故选C项。编辑ppt4.(2009年全国卷I卷·69)It’snoteasybeingateenager—norisiteasybeingtheparentofateenager.…Expectalotfromyourchild,justnoteverything.Exceptforhealthandsafetyproblems,suchasdruguseorcarelessdriving,considereverythingelseopentodiscussion…Showrespectforyourteenager’sprivacy(隐私).Neverreadhismailorlisteninonpersonalconversations.编辑pptTeachyourteenagerthatthefamilyphoneisforthewholefamily…Orifyouareopentotheidea,allowyourteenagerhisownphonethathepaysforwithhisownpocketmoneyorapart-timejob.△Themainpurposeofthetextistotellparents.A.howtogetalongwithateenagerB.howtorespectateenagerC.howtounderstandateenagerD.howtohelpateenagergrowup编辑ppt4.D推断写作目的。文章主要讲述父母应该如何应对青少年在成长过程中出现的问题，因此文章的主要目的是告诉父母应如何帮助青少年成长。A、B、C选项过于片面，D项是对A、B、C三个选项内容的概括，故选D项。编辑ppt5.（2012年全国卷·59）Areyoulookingforsomenewandexcitingplacestotakeyourkids(孩子)to?Trysomeoftheseplaces.Visitartmuseums.Theyofferavarietyofactivitiestoexciteyourkids’interest…Headtoanaturalhistorymuseum.Thisiswherekidscandiscoverthepastfromdinosaur(恐龙)modelstorockcollectionsandpicturesofstarsinthesky…GotoaYoutheater.Lookforoneinyourareaofferingplaysforchildandfamilyvisitors…Tryhands-onscience.Visitoneofthemanyhands-onsciencemuseumsaroundthecountry…编辑ppt△Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencetextbook. B.Atouristmap. C.Amuseumguide. D.Anewsreport.5.C推断文章出处。本文开头讲到“你是否在寻找一些可以带孩子去的新奇刺激的地方”，下文主要是对几家博物馆活动的介绍，因此可以推断出此文应该出现在与博物馆导览有关的书中。A项“科普图书”；B项“地图”；D项“新闻报道”均不符合题意，故选C项。编辑ppt6.(2015新课标卷I·31)Butnoteveryoneishappy.OwainJames,thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents(NUS),arguedthattheincreaseisevidenceofstudenthardship—youngpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoneybeforefinishingtheireducation.“Newstudentsarenowawarethattheyarelikelytoleaveuniversityupto￡15,000indebt.Itisnotsurprisingthatmoreandmorestudentsaretakingagapyeartoearnmoneytosupporttheirstudyforthedegree.NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%ofstudentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigureincreasesto90%duringvacatingperiods,”hesaid.编辑ppt△HowdoesOwainJamesfeelaboutthegap-yearphenomenon?A.He’spuzzled. B.He’sworried.C.He’ssurprised. D.He’sannoyed.6.B推断人物情感。由本段前两句“Butnoteveryoneishappy.OwainJames,thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents(NUS),arguedthattheincreaseisevidenceofstudenthardship.”可知OwainJames并不为间隔年这种现象感到高兴，相反地，他为间隔年背后学生承受的压力表示担忧（worried）。故选B项。编辑ppt7.（2015新课标卷II·25）Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.编辑ppt△Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout_____.A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuying D.healthydiets7.B推断读者对象。由第一、二句可知，房子的设计方式会影响身材，结合最后一句话(总起句)“Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.”可知，下文应该是作者就房子设计方面帮助人们节食给出的一些建议，故可推知，这篇文章更有可能对那些在乎自己体形的人有帮助。故选B项。编辑ppt考点4：词义推断题真题再练1.推断单词含义(2014新课标卷I·25)Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.…编辑pptSadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands…△Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons’_______.A.escape B.ruin C.liberation D.evolution编辑ppt1.B推断单词含义。需要推断意义的单词在句中已加下画线，答案信息就在本句及上下句。前文描述旅鸽之多足以使天空数小时变得黑暗，作者用Sadly(悲哀的是)话峰一转，“旅鸽的数量之多可能是它们的”，为什么说悲哀？它们怎么啦？下句给出了答案：在旅鸽多的地方，人们以为旅鸽是源源不断的，于是大量捕杀(killedbythethousands)。再看四个选项:A逃跑，B毁灭，C解放，D进化，与sadly,killed相关的应是“毁灭”，故选B项。编辑ppt2.推断短语含义

(2015新课标卷II·22)Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.IwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofclothesthatwouldn’tfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater,whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy-fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn’tgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.编辑ppt△Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“signedoff”inParagraph1?A.Endedalltheirprograms.B.Providedfewerchannels.C.Changedtocommercials.D.Showedall-nightmovies.2.A推断短语含义。画线句：这台电视机刚买回家时非常不错，我一直播放到所有电视台的晚间节目都。其实，根据常识已猜中十之八九了，再看下一句：幸运的是，没有哪个频道整晚播放电影，否则的话我就不睡觉了。可知，作者看到所有电视台的晚间节目结束为止，故选A项。编辑ppt思路点拨我们研究2007年以来的历年全国卷发现，全国卷的词义推断题包括推断单词或短语的意思，题干中常含有mean,isclosestinmeaningto,referto,bereplacedby等词。编辑ppt解答这类题型最重要的方法是理解含画线词的这一句，以及上下文或上下句的意思。无论是推断单词含义还是短语含义，都可从句子逻辑关系或上下文联系去寻求答案。逻辑关系有并列关系、因果关系、转折关系、递进关系、同类关系、解释关系等，因此要特别注意or,for,howe