高中动词讲解大全及物非及物动词和时态非谓语动词及介词

11/1111/1111/11第二章动词七十二变一．实战演练语法填空：Iadvisedyou(stop)(thinkof)(go)abroadrecently.改错：Manyfailtorecognizingthatallthesethingsaregood.Thenumberofstudentsinmyschoolhaverisenfrom200to600.判断对错

：史密斯先生来这儿五天了。

Mr.Smithhascomehereforfivedays.Mr.Smithhasbeenhereforfivedays.Mr.Smithcameherefivedaysago.ItisfivedayssinceMr.Smithcamehere.FivedayshaspassedsinceMr.Smithcamehere.判断对错：Howlonghaveyoucomehere?Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Whendidyoucomehere?二．动词之及物不及物〔动作完整〕简单句-五大句型主谓Icome主谓宾Imissyou主谓宾宾Yougivemeyourheart主谓宾宾补Youmakemehappy主系表youaremylittleapple不及物动词误用作及物动词误:dealaproblem正：dealwithaproblem处理问题误:dependsb.正：dependonsb.依靠(依赖〕某人误:relysb./sth.正：relyonsb./sth.依靠〔依赖〕某人〔某物〕误:insistdoingsth.正：insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事误:knockthedoor正：knockat/onthedoor敲门误:operatesb.正：operateonsb.为某人做手术误:participatesth.正：participateinsth.参加某事误:refersth.正：refertosth.查阅〔参考〕某物误:replyaletter正：replytoaletter回信注意：在某些其他用法中,以上有的动词也可能及物,如insist,reply等动词后可接宾语从句,operate表示“操作〞、“管理〞等时那么及物及物动词误用作不及物动词三．有两个以上动词〔动作〕的简单句我爱篮球Ilovebasketball.第1变：变非动词我爱打篮球简单句中的动词+动词Iloveplayingbasketball.我想去打篮球Iwanttogotoplaybasketball.四．动词〔动作〕之延续不延续4.1非延续性动词(只限肯定式)表示的动作短暂,不能持续；不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。4.2非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如：Thetrainhasarrived.Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?非延续性动词〔动作〕的用法4.3非延续性动词一般不可与howlong连用。4.4非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。如：WhenwereachedLondon,itwastwelveo'clock.Pleaselookaftermydaughterwhile/whenweareaway.4.5非延续性动词不能用于进行时态,假设是进行时态形式那么表示将来时态的含义。如：I’mleavingforLanzhou.4.6非延续性动词的否认式与until/till连用,构成“not+非延续性动词+until/till...〞的句型,意为“直到……才……〞。如：Youcan’tleavehereuntilIarrive.IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.4.7非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否认式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示“段时间〞的状语连用。如：Hehasn’tleftheresince1986.Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks.附表转换：非延续性延续性非延续性延续性延续性动词的用法4.

1延续性动词用于现在完成时,可与表示“段时间〞的状语连用。如：Hehaslivedherefor6years.IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.4.2延续性动词不能与“点时间〞状语连用。比拟：Itrainedateightyesterdaymorning.Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.又如：

--WhendidyougettoknowJack?

--Twoyearsago.

--Thenyou’veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.--That’sright.九．谓语动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法【概念】表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。【用法】1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。句中常用always,often,usually,seldom,everyday等时间状语。特别注意动词的第三人称单数形式,也就是主谓一致原那么。另everyday也可用于过去,将来时+inthepast/future.【例句】Theboyoftentakesataxitoschool.这个男孩经常乘坐出租车去学校。【考题链接】Walmart,oneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.AkeepBkeptChavekeptDkeeps2.表示客观真理或客观事实。【例句】Lighttravelsinastraightline.光沿直线传播。【考题链接】“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow〞,Grannyusedtosay,“becauseeverystep〞A.hasshown B.isshowing C.shows D.showed3.表示按方案、规定要发生的动作,句中都带有时间状语。常常表示火车、汽车、轮船、飞机、学校上课等时间安排。【例句】Thetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.火车早上九点钟开。【考题链接】—Haveyoureadthetimetable?—Yes.Thetrain________at10:12p.m..A.willstart B.isgoingtostartC.shouldstart D.starts4.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。【例句】Ifyoucomethisafternoon,wewillhaveameeting.如果今天下午你来,我们就开会。【考题链接】—Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?—Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou____________thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinished B.willfinishC.arefinishing D.finish【即学即练】1.—WhoseEnglishisbetter,JohnorTom?—Theyhaveadvantagesindifferentaspects.TomspendsasmuchtimereadingasJohn_________.A.writes B.doeswriting C.iswriting D.doeswrite2.Comeandseemewhenever_______________.A.youareconvenient B.youwillbeconvenientC.itisconvenientforyou D.itwillbeconvenienttoyou二、一般过去时的用法【概念】在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday前几天,in1982等。动词过去式的变化规那么。【用法】表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。【例句】DuringthevacationIoftenswaminthesea.假期期间我常在海中游泳。Isawthisfilmyesterday.【考题链接】—Thisisawonderfulbook.—Who___________it?A.writes B.haswritten C.wrote D.hadwritten【即学即练】1.Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe____inRomelastyear.A.meets B.met C.hasmet D.wouldmeet2.Idon’tbelieveyou’vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook—I__________ittoyouthismorning!A.wouldlend B.waslending C.hadlent D.lent三、一般将来时的用法【概念】一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常见形式为：will/shall＋动词原形；begoingto＋动词原形；be＋v.ing；beto(beaboutto)＋动词原形结构等。【用法】1.这种结构是表示将来的动作或状态。常伴有表示将来的时间状语。shall用于第一人称,will常用于第二、三人称,但在现代英语中will可以通用于各种人称。在问句中shall常用于第一人称表示建议或征求对方意见。常用的时间状语有：tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon…,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth…,fromnowon(从现在开始),inanhour(一小时后),intwodays/weeks等。【例句】—Pleasebringmeacupoftea.请给我端杯茶来。—I’lldoitinaminute.我马上就去〔端〕。——当事人〔临时〕当下做出的决定【考题链接】—Annisinhospital.—Oh,really?I______know.I________goandvisither.A.didn’t;amgoingto B.don’t;wouldC.don’t;will D.didn’t;will2.“begoingto＋动词原形〞表示说话人的主观意图/推测,即打算在最近或将来要做某事。Iamgoingtohaveaninterviewtomorrow/tobelate.3.“beto+动词原形〞表示按方案或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性〞等。Thepresidentistoholdanewsconference.4.“beabout＋动词不定式〞表示最近或马上要发生的动作,其后不接时间状语结构。Theplaneisabouttotakeoff起飞/landon降落/taxi滑行.【考题链接】—_________leaveattheendofthismonth.—Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntil___________anotherjob.A.I’mgoingto;you’dfoundB.I’mgoingto;you’vefoundC.I’ll;you’llfindD.I’ll;you’dfind【即学即练】1.—When___________again?—Whenhe___________,I’llletyouknow.A.willhecome;willcome B.willhecome;comeC.hecomes;comes D.willhecome;comes2.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,__________visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingto B.aregoingto C.wasgoingto D.weregoingto四、现在进行时的用法【用法】1.表示说话时正在发生的动作,谓语：be+doing。2.说话时不一定在进行,但那个时间背景下正在发生的动作。3.某些动词的现在进行时可表示将来发生的动作。常见的动词有：go,come,leave,arrive,start,stay,return,takeoff等。4.always,often,constantly始终如一地,frequently,forever等副词和现在进行时态连用,表达说话人的某种情感,即“赞扬〞或“厌恶〞等,可译为“老是、总是〞。【例句】Heisalwayshelpingothers.他总是帮助别人。【考题链接】—I’mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends___________forus.A.willwait B.wait C.havewaited D.arewaiting【即学即练】1.Teenagerstheirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.A.havedamaged B.aredamaging C.damaged D.will2.—Haveyougotanyjoboffers?—No.I__________.A.waited B.hadbeenwaitingC.havewaited D.amwaiting注意：一般现在时和现在进行时的区别IliveinthecountryIamlivinginthecountry长期短暂Ireadnewspapersinthemorning.Iamreadingnewspapersinthemorning.习惯临时五、过去进行时的用法【概念】表示过去某一时刻,某一阶段正在进行的动作,由“was(were)+现在分词〞构成。【用法】1.表示过去某一时刻,某一阶段正在进行的动作。2.与always,forever,constantly连用,表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。【考题链接】—IthoughtGaoHuiandherfriendwereinthecinemaseeingthefilm“LetTheBulletsFly〞yesterdayevening.—Impossible.She__________TVwithmeinmyhomethen.A.watched B.hadwatchedC.wouldwatch D.waswatching【即学即练】Thetelephone___________,butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.A.hadrung B.wasringing C.rings D.hasrung注意：一般过去时和过去进行时的区别Maryreadabookyesterday.Marywasreadingabookyesterday.过去动作过去结束了过去的画面——正在进行六、将来进行时的用法形式：。。。Willbedoing。。。一般将来时VS将来进行时七、现在完成时的用法【概念】表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,谓语结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词。【用法】现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常与sofar,recently,lately近来,already,just,yet,never,uptonow,eversince,sincethen,foralongtime,inthelastthreeyears等时间状语连用。2.否认句的谓语结构：助动词have/hasnot+过去分词。3.一般疑问句：助动词have/has+主语+动词的过去分词。肯定答复：Yes,主语+have/has.否认答复：No,主语+have/hasnot.4.一般过去时和现在完成时辨析我钱包不见了。翻译：我娶了她/我娶她了。翻译：我在这工作。翻译：【考题链接】—Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?—Sorry,I____________thepianoforyears.A.don’tplay B.wasn’tplayingC.haven’tplayed D.hadn’tplayedMygoodfriend__________hishometownsince10yearsago.A.hasleft B.leftC.hasbeenawayfrom D.wasawayfrom2.非延续性动词,如come,go,die,marry,buy,leave,begin,start,puton,borrow等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的短语连用。如果这类动词要和段时间连用,就必须转变成相应的表示延续性动作的词/短语。如：leave die buy puton borrow comebegin/startbeawaybedead have wearkeepbein beon【例句辨析】Ihaveboughtthecalculatorforaweek.〔〕Ihavewokenupfor30minutes.〔〕Ihavemarriedherfor7years.〔〕Ihavehadthecalculatorforaweek.Wegotmarried7yearsago.Wehavebeenmarriedfor7years.Ithasbeen30minutessinceIwakeup.【考题链接】1.Formanyyears,people____________electriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.A.haddreamedof B.havedreamedofC.dreamedof D.dreamof2.Sofarthisyearwe__________afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.saw B.see C.hadseen D.haveseen3.她去上海了。区别：过去时不能告诉你现在,现完时可以告诉你现在的情况。ShewenttoShanghai.ShehasgonetoShanghai.今天早上我没看到那两只臭熊。Ididn’tseethetwinsthismorning.不知道说话人现在是在上午还是。。。Ihaven’tseethetwinsthismorning.说话人现在是在上午影响时间八、过去完成时态的用法【概念】表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态,即过去的过去。句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导的时间状语。谓语结构：助动词had+动词的过去分词。【用法】1.表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或继续持续下去。2.表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本……,未能……〞。3.否认句的谓语结构：助动词hadnot+过去分词。4.一般疑问句：助动词had+主语+动词的过去分词。肯定答复：Yes,主语+had.否认答复：No,主语+hadnot.【例句】Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.睡觉之前,他工作了12小时。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.我原本希望你能来,但是你却没来。【考题链接】Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone___________it.Wasityou?A.hasdone B.haddone C.woulddo D.willdo【即学即练】ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe_________someEuropeanbusinesspartners.A.wouldmeet B.ismeeting C.meets D.hadmet翻译：我住的那个宾馆不是特别好,但是我之前还住过更差的呢。ThehotelinwhichIstayedwasn’tverygoodbutIhadstayedinmanyworsehotels.将来完成时：形式：。。。willhave/hasdone。。。九大时态表十．系动词和感官动词感官动词()1.DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?-yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.Asing;tosingBsinging;singingCsing;singingDtosing;singing()2.Ioftenseeher____inthepark.ArunningBtorunCrunsDrun()3.HaveyoueverheardthesongWelcometoBeijing?Yes,it_______nice.A.hearsB.soundsC.looksD.Listens()4.Thegirl'svoicesounds_____.Maybeshecanbecomeagoodsingerwhenshegrowsup.A.sweetB.sweetlyC.BeautifullyD.beautiful()5.WhatisMumcookinginthekitchen?Fish,Iguess.Howniceit_________!A.looksB.soundsC.tastesD.smells()6.Thetable______verysmooth.〔光滑的〕AlooksBturnsCfeelsDsmells()7.Doyouliketheshirt?Yes,it____verysoft.AfeltBisfeelingCisfeltDfeels()8.You____verypale.〔苍白的〕AaresoundingBarelookingCarefeelingDareseeing()9.Theseapplestaste_____.AtobegoodBtobewellCwellDgood()10.Whichofthoseradiossounds________?

Thesmallestone.(09无锡)

A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best

()11.Grandma,youmustfeel________aftercleaningthehouse.Let’stakearest.(09淮安)

A.tiredB.wellC.goodD.angry

()12.Themusicinthesupermarketsoundedso_____thatIwantedtoleaveatonce.(09常州)

A.softB.wonderfulC.friendlyD.noisy

()13.IntheScienceMuseum,thechildrenfelt_____toseesomany______things.(08镇江)

A.surprised;amazedB.surprising;amazingC.surprising;amazedD.surprised;amazing

词汇：

1.Don'tget_________(patient)aboutyourpersonaltrouble.(08无锡)

2.Heseemed__________(friend)atfirst,butnowI'vegottoknowhimandIrealizehe'swarm

andkind.(08徐州)

3.Theweathertodaybecomeseven________(bad).Whynottakearaincoatwithyou?(08宿迁)

4.Ifsomeonedoesn'tshowgoodmannerstoothers,heorsheis__________(polite).(08宿迁)

5.Ifyoudon'tseethedoctoratonce,you'llgeteven__________(ill)lateron.(08泰州)

6.Ilikelisteningtolightmusic.Itcanmakemefeel_______(relax)(09镇江)

7.Thisquestionisvery________(容易的).Everyoneofuscananswerit.(09宿迁)

8.Theillnesscanmakeyoufeeltiredand_________(notstrong)(09宿迁)

9.Themotherlooked_______(angry)athernaughtydaughter.(09宿迁)

非谓语动词测试Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.AjoiningBtojoinCjoinedDhavingjoined2.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,nothingabouttheargument.AsaysBsaidCtosayDsaying3.While〔walk〕hisdogintheparkyesterdayafternoon,Bobheardsomeoneshoutingforhelpinthedistance.4.Iamnotinterestedinpopmusic,becauseIoftenhavedifficulty〔understand〕thewords.todo的意义语态：主动todo状态：未发生Iwanttogotovisitmyfriend.Sheinvitedmetocome.Tocatchthebus,heranasfastashecan.目的状语doing的意义语态：主动doing状态：进行HefinishedreadingthebookyesterdayThewomangivingusorallessonsisfromAmerica.=ThewomanwhogivesusorallessonsisfromAmerica.Walkingalongthestreet,wefoundapurselyingontheground.=Whenwewalkedalongthestreet,wefoundapurselyingontheground.小测：TodoPKdoingHeisadvised〔stop〕〔thinkof〕〔go〕abroadinthesetwoyears.done的意义语态：被动done状态：已发生,完成Aretiredteacheriscleaningthefallenleavesatschool.完成一位退休教师在清理学校的落叶。Theterrifiedboydoesn’tlikefriedchips.被动这个被吓坏了的男孩不喜欢炸薯条。TodoPKdoingPKDonehave〔make/let使役动词〕sb.dosth.——Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.havesb./sth,doingsth.——Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.havesth.Done——Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.这个司机让他的车一周被洗一次状语从句的简化例一：Tofinishmyhomework,Ididn'tsleepuntil12o'clock=Iworkuntil12o'clockforIwastofinishmyhomework.例二：Knowingtheanswers,Ifeltveryhappy=WhenIknewtheanswers,Ifeltveryhappy.Whilestandinginfrontoftheteacher,Marywasnervous.=WhileMarywasstandinginfrontoftheteacher,shewasnervous.例三：Seenfromthehill,myhomeissmallerthanacar=Whenitisseenfromthehill,myhomeissmallerthanacar.Givenmoretime,wecandotheworkpleasantly=Ifwearegivenmoretime,wecandotheworkpleasantly.定语从句的简化Ihavealargefamilytosupport.=IhavealargefamilythatIneedtosupport.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.=Heisapleasantpersonwhowecanworkwith.2.Thisisthefactorymakingcars=Thisisthefactorywhich/thatmadecars.3.WelikethemoviedirectedbyFengXiaogang=WelikethemoviewhichisdirectedbyFengXiaogang.tobedonetobedoneTobedonePKDoneThemeetingyesterdaywasveryimportant.(hold)PKThemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.todo动词不定式doing1.动名词;2现在分词done过去分词主语Toseeistobelieve/ToplaywithfireisdangerousSeeingisbelieving/Playingwithfireisdangerous〔1〕无宾语IwanttoeatapplesIlikeeatingapples〔1〕Ihavemyhaircut〔宾补〕助谓Iamtoplaybasketball〔时态需要〕Iamplayingbasketball〔时态需要〕I