人体结构与人体构架英文课件

人体结构与人体构架英文人体结构与人体构架英文人体结构与人体构架英文人体结构与人体构架英文人体结构与人体构架英文人体结构与人体构1ObjectivesWritethemeaningsofthewordpartspresentedinthischapter,choosetheircorrectmeaningswhenpresentedwithseveralanswers,andrecognizeandwritethemeaningsofthewordpartswhentheyappearinmedicalterms.Writethemeaningsandrecognizethedefinitionsoftermsrelatedtodirectionalaspectsofthebody.Choosethecorrectdefinitionsfortermspresentedinthischapterthatarerelatedtobodystructuresandwritetheappropriatetermswhenpresentedwiththeirdefinitions.Matchtermsrelatedtobodyfluidswiththeirdescriptionsandwritethetermswhenpresentedwiththeirdefinitions.Choosethecorrectdefinitionsfortermsrelatedtobodycavitiespresentedinthischapterandwritetheappropriatetermswhenpresentedwiththeirdefinitions.ObjectivesWritethemeaningso2OUTLINETheanatomicpositionandreferenceplanesofthebodyBodycavitiesBodystructuresBodyfluidsComprehensivereviewexercisesOUTLINETheanatomicpositiona3TheAnatomicPositionandReferencePlanesoftheBodyAnatomicreferencesystemsprovideuniformityinregardtodescriptionsofthebody.Theanatomicpositionmeansthatapersonisstandingerectwiththearmsatthesideandthepalmsforward.Thispositionisusedasareferencewhendescribingthelocationordirectionofvariousbodystructuresorparts.TheAnatomicPositionandRefe4TheAnatomicPositionandReferencePlanesoftheBodyUnlessstatedotherwise,alldescriptionsoflocationorpositionassumethatthebodyisintheanatomicposition.Committomemorythefollowingtermsthatrelatetovariousdirectionsofthebody.TheAnatomicPositionandRefe5DIRECTIONALTERMSTerm CombiningForm MeaningAnterior anter/o nearertoor towardthefront;ventralPosterior poster/o nearertoortoward theback;dorsalDIRECTIONALTERMSTerm Combini6DIRECTIONALTERMSTerm CombiningForm MeaningVentral ventr/o bellyside;sameas anteriorsurfaceDorsal dors/o directedtowardor situatedonthebackside; sameasposteriorsurfaceDIRECTIONALTERMSTerm Combini7DIRECTIONALTERMSTerm CombiningForm MeaningMedial;median medi/o middleor nearerthemiddleLateral later/o towardtheside; denotingaposition fartherfromthe midlineofthebody orfromastructureDIRECTIONALTERMSTerm Combini8DIRECTIONALTERMSTerm CombiningForm MeaningSuperior super/o uppermostoraboveInferior infer/o lowermostorbelowDIRECTIONALTERMSTerm Combini9DIRECTIONALTERMSTerm CombiningForm MeaningProximal proxim/o nearesttheorginor pointofattachmentDistal dist/o farordistantfrom theoriginorpointof attachmentDIRECTIONALTERMSTerm Combini10DIRECTIONALTERMSTerm CombiningForm MeaningCephalad cephal/o towardtheheadCaudad caud/o towardthetailorin aposteriordirectionDIRECTIONALTERMSTerm Combini11Exercise1Reviewsomeofthetermsthathavebeenusedtoindicatedirection.Writeawordineachblanktocompetethetablecorrectly.(Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample)CombiningForm AnatomicTerm BasicMeaingAnter/o anterior frontCaud/o _________ ___________Exercise1Reviewsomeofthet12Exercise1Reviewsomeofthetermsthathavebeenusedtoindicatedirection.Writeawordineachblanktocompetethetablecorrectly.(Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample)CombiningForm AnatomicTerm BasicMeaingAnter/o anterior frontCaud/o caudal

tailExercise1Reviewsomeofthet13Exercise1CombiningForm AnatomicTerm BasicMeaingDist/o ______________________Dors/o __________ ____________Infer/o __________ ____________Later/o _______________________Exercise1CombiningForm Anat14Exercise1CombiningForm AnatomicTerm BasicMeaingDist/o distal

farDors/o dorsal

backInfer/o inferior

belowLater/o lateral

sideExercise1CombiningForm Anat15Exercise1CombiningForm AnatomicTerm BasicMeaingMedi/o medial

middle or medianPoster/o posterior

behindProxim/o proximal

nearSuper/o superior

aboveVentr/o ventral

bellyExercise1CombiningForm Anat16BodyCavities Thebodyhastwomajorcavities,whicharespaceswithinthebodythatcontaininternalorgans.Thetwoprincipalbodycavitiesarethedorsalcavity,locatedneartheposterioraspectofthebody,andtheventralcavity,locatedneartheanterioraspect.Bothcavitiesaresubdividedasshown.BodyCavities Thebodyhastwo17人体结构与人体构架英文课件18BodyCavities Thedorsalcavityisdividedintothecranialandspinalcavities.Thecranialcavitycontainsthebrainandthespinalcavitycontainsthespinalcordandthebeginningsofthespinalnerves.BodyCavities Thedorsalcavit19人体结构与人体构架英文课件20BodyCavities Theotherprincipalbodycavityistheventralcavity.Largeorganscontainedintheventralcavityarecalledviscera.Theventralcavityissubdividedintothethoraciccavityandtheabdominopelvic(abdominalandpelvic)cavity.Themusculardiaphragmdividesthethoracicandabdominopelviccavities.BodyCavities Theotherprinci21人体结构与人体构架英文课件22 Theabdominopelviccavitycanbethoughtofasasinglecavityorastwocavities,theabdominalandpelviccavities,althoughnowallseparatesthem.Amembranecalledtheperitoneumlinestheabdominopelviccavityandinveststheinternalorgans. Theabdominopelviccavitycan23人体结构与人体构架英文课件24 Peritoneum,likeallserousmembranes,secretesalubricatingfluidthatallowstheorganstoglideagainstoneanotheroragainstthecavitywall.Astickingtogetheroftwostructuresthatarenormallyseparatediscalledanadhesion.Abdominaladhesionsareusuallycausedbyinflammationortrauma(injury),andaretreatedsurgicallyiftheycauseintestinalobstructionorexcessivediscomfort. Peritoneum,likeallserousm25人体结构与人体构架英文课件26BodyStructuresThecellisthesmallestfunctionalunitofthehumanbodyand,infact,ofallorganisms.Cellscomprisethetissuesofthebody,whichinturnmakeuporgans.Eachbodysystemisagroupoforgansthatworktogetherforaspecificpurpose.Thehumanorganismhasmanybodysystems.Manybodystructurewillbediscussedelsewhereinthisbook.Thefollowinglistincludesseveraltermsthateitherdonotpertaintoaparticularbodysystemofmaypertaintomorethanonesystem.Committhefollowinglisttomemory.BodyStructuresThecellisthe27SELECTEDCOMBININGFORMSTHATRELATETOBODYSTRUCTURESCombiningForms MeaningAbdomin/o abdomenAcr/o extremities(armsandlegs)Blephar/o eyelidCephal/o headChir/o handSELECTEDCOMBININGFORMSTHAT28SELECTEDCOMBININGFORMSTHATRELATETOBODYSTRUCTURESCombiningForms MeaningCyst/o cyst,bladder,orsacDactyl/o digit(toes,fingersorboth)Lapar/o abdominalwallOmphal/o umbilicus(navel)Onych/o nailSELECTEDCOMBININGFORMSTHAT29SELECTEDCOMBININGFORMSTHATRELATETOBODYSTRUCTURESCombiningForms MeaningPelv/I pelvisPeriton/o peritoneumSom/a,somat/o bodyThorac/o chestSELECTEDCOMBININGFORMSTHAT30

Organism(manysystems)System(severalorgans)Organ(severaltissues)Tissues(manysimilarcells)Cells(smalleststructuralunit)

31 Theabdomenistheportionofthbodytrunkthatislocatedbetweenthechestandthepelvis.Abdomino/centesis(abdomin/o,abdomen,+centesis,surgicalpuncture),usuallycalledabdominalparacentesis,isasurgicalprocedurethatisperformedtoremoveexcessfluids(ascites)fromtheabdominalcavityortoinjectatherapeuticagent. Theabdomenistheportionof32

Peritonitis(periton/o,peritoneum,+-itis,inflammation)canresultifinfectionmicroorganismsgainaccessbywayofoperativeincisionsorbytheruptureorperforationofvisceraorassociatedstructures(asinruptureorperforationofvisceraorassociatedstructures(asinruptureoftheappendix).Microorganismscanalsospreadtotheperitoneumfrothebloodstreamorlymphaticvessels. Peritonitis(periton/o,perit33 Incisionoftheabdominalwalliscalledlaparo/tomy(lapar/o,abdominalwall+-tomy,incision).Laparotomyisanotherwayofsayinganabdominaloperation.Severalsurgicalproceduresinvolveincisionoftheabdominalwall,someofwhicharedescribed:

Incisionoftheabdominalwal34

Laparocholecystotomy(lapar/o,abdominalwall,+cholecyst/o,gallbladder,+-tomy,incision):incisionintothegallbladderthoughtheabdominalwall. Laparocholecystotomy(lapar/35Laparocolostomy(lapar/o+col/o,largeintestine,+-stomy,newopening):formationofapermanentopeningintothecolon(largeintestine)throughtheabdominalwall.Laparocystotomy(lapar/o+cyst/o,cyst,+-tomy):abdominalincisiontoremoveacystoranembryothathasimplantedoutsidetheuterus(synonym:laparocystectomy)Laparogastrotomy(lapar/o+gastr/o,stomach+-tomy):abdominalincisionintothestomachLaparohepatotomy(lapar/o+hepat/o,liver+-tomy):incisionoftheliverthroughtheabdominalwallLaparohysterectomy(lapar/o+hyster/o,uterus,+-ectomy,excision):removaloftheuterusthroughanincisionintheabdominalwallLaparocolostomy(lapar/o+col36Laparohysteropexy(lapar/o+hyster/o+-pexy,surgicalfixation):attachmentoftheuterustotheabdominalwallLaparorrhaphy(lapar/o+-rrhaphy,suture):sutureoftheabdominalwallLaparoscopy(lapar/o+-scopy,visualexamination):abdominalexplorationemployingalaparoscope,aninstrumentusedtoviewtheinterioroftheabdomen(laparoscopyisatypeofendoscopy,adevicethatusesfiberoptictechniquestopermitvisualimagingaroundcorners)Laparosplenotomy(lapar/o+splen/o,spleen,+-tomy):incisionofthespleenthroughanabdominaloperationLaparohysteropexy(lapar/o+h37NEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombiningForm MeaningCholecyst/o gallbladderNEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombin38NEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombiningForm MeaningCol/o colon(large intestine)NEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombin39NEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombiningForm MeaningGastr/o stomachNEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombin40NEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombiningForm MeaningHepat/o liverNEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombin41NEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombiningForm MeaningHyster/o uterusNEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombin42NEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombiningForm MeaningSplen/o spleenNEWCOMBININGFORMSUSEDCombin43

Thepelvisisthelowerportionofthebodytrunk.Thewordpelviscanrefertoanybasinlikestructure,soyouwillalsoseeitinotherterms(e.g.therenalpelvis,afunnel-shapedstructurewithinthekidney). Thepelvisisthelowerporti44

Pelvimetry(pelv/I,pelvis,+-metry,measurement)isthemeasurementofthedimensionsandcapacityofthepelvis. Itisseldomdoneanymore,becausetheprocedureusuallyinvolvestheuseofx-rays.Theinstrumentusedinpelvimetryisapelvimeter.

45

Acephalopelvicdisproportionisasituationinwhichtheheadofthefetusistoolargeforthepelvisofthemother.Insuchcasesvaginaldeliveryisdifficultofimpossible.Cephalopelvic(cephal/o,head+pelv/I,pelvisisatermthatpertainstotheheadofthefetusandthematernalpelvis.

46 OmphalosisGreekfortheumbilicus,ornavel.Manynewtermscanbeformedusingomphal/owithvarioussuffixesthatyouhavealreadylearned. OmphalosisGreekfortheumb47

Omphalicmeansconcerningtheumbilicus.

Aninflamedconditionofthenavelisomphal/itis.Congenitalherniaofthenavelisomphalo/cele.. Omphalicmeansconcerningthe48 Ruptureofthenavelisomphalo/rrhexis,andumbilicalhemorrhageisomphalo/rrhagia人体结构与人体构架英文课件49 Thoracicmeanspertainingtothechest,becausethorac/omeansthoraxorchest.Thoracicsurgeryisanotherwayofsayingchestsurgery.Surgicalpunctureofthechestwallforaspirationoffluidscouldbecalledthoracocentesis,butthoracentesisistheorecommonlyusedterm. Thoracicmeanspertainingto50

Surgicalpunctureofthechestwallforaspirationoffluidscouldbecalledthoracocentesis,butthoracentesisistheorecommonlyusedterm. Surgicalpunctureoftheches51Exercise2

Usingwhatyouhavejustlearned,andwordpartsstudiedinpreviouschapter,circlethecorrectanswertocompleteeachsentence.

Thecombiningformthatmeansarmsandlegsis(acr/o,chir/o,cyt/o,omphal/o).Thecombiningformblephar/omeans(extremities,eyelid,brain,head).Thecombiningformthatmeansabdomenis(pelv/I,pelv/o,abdomen/o,abdomin/o).Thecombiningformonych/omeans(head,bladder,digit,nail).Thecombiningformforamembranethatlinestheabdominopelviccavityis(omphal/o,lapar/o,somat/o,periton/o).Exercise2

Usingwhatyouhave52Exercise2

Usingwhatyouhavejustlearned,andwordpartsstudiedinpreviouschapter,circlethecorrectanswertocompleteeachsentence.

Thecombiningformthatmeansarmsandlegsis(acr/o,chir/o,cyt/o,omphal/o).Thecombiningformblephar/omeans(extremities,eyelid,brain,head).Thecombiningformthatmeansabdomenis(pelv/I,pelv/o,abdomen/o,abdomin/o).Thecombiningformonych/omeans(head,bladder,digit,nail).Thecombiningformforamembranethatlinestheabdominopelviccavityis(omphal/o,lapar/o,somat/o,periton/o).Exercise2

Usingwhatyouhave53Thecombiningformsomat/omeans(sleep,body,toesorfingers,cyst).Thecombiningformomphal/omeans(umbilicus,abdominalwall,head,chest).Thecombiningformcol/omeans(gallbladder,cyst,largeintestine,liver).Thecombiningfomrhyster/omeans(uterusabdominalwall,spleen,pelvis).Thecombiningformforthetomachis(cholecyst/o,hepat/o,gastr/o,splen/o).Thecombiningformsomat/omea54Thecombiningformsomat/omeans(sleep,body,toesorfingers,cyst).Thecombiningformomphal/omeans(umbilicus,abdominalwall,head,chest).Thecombiningformcol/omeans(gallbladder,cyst,largeintestine,liver).Thecombiningfomrhyster/omeans(uterus,abdominalwall,spleen,pelvis).Thecombiningformforthetomachis(cholecyst/o,hepat/o,gastr/o,splen/o).Thecombiningformsomat/omea55Paininthethoraxdistinguishedfromchestpaincausedbyanginapectoris,aheartconditionis(thoracocentesis,thoracoschisis,thoracondynia,thoracectomy).Surgicalincisionofchestwallis(thoracotomy,thoracostomy,thoracostenosis,thoracolysis).Diagnosticexaminationofthechestcavityis(pleurotomy,pleurectomy,thoracometry,thoracoscopy).Plasticsurgeryofthechestinwhichportionsoftheribsareremovedtocausediseaseareasofthelugtocollapseis(thoracolysis,thoracoplasty,thoracalgia,thoracopathy).Paininthethoraxdistinguish56Paininthethoraxdistinguishedfromchestpaincausedbyanginapectoris,aheartconditionis(thoracocentesis,thoracoschisis,thoracondynia,thoracectomy).Surgicalincisionofchestwallis(thoracotomy,thoracostomy,thoracostenosis,thoracolysis).Diagnosticexaminationofthechestcavityis(pleurotomy,pleurectomy,thoracometry,thoracoscopy).Plasticsurgeryofthechestinwhichportionsoftheribsareremovedtocausediseaseareasofthelugtocollapseis(thoracolysis,thoracoplasty,thoracalgia,thoracopathy).Paininthethoraxdistinguish57Exercise3

Usingwordsorwordpartsyouhavelearned,writelettersintheblankstocompleteeachsentencecorrectly.Blephar/almeanspertainingto______.Blephar/itisis____________ofeyelid.Blepharitiscouldleadto_______edema,swellingoftheeyelids.Thereareothercausesofblepharedema,suchacrying.Blepharoplegiais_________ofaneyelid.Blepharoptosisisprolapseor_______oftheuppereyelid.Exercise3

Usingwordsorword58Exercise3

Usingwordsorwordpartsyouhavelearned,writelettersintheblankstocompleteeachsentencecorrectly.Blephar/almeanspertainingtoeyelid.Blephar/itisisinflammationofeyelid.Blepharitiscouldleadtoblepharedema,swellingoftheeyelids.Thereareothercausesofblepharedema,suchacrying.Blepharoplegiaisparalysisofaneyelid.Blepharoptosisisprolapseorsaggingoftheuppereyelid.Exercise3

Usingwordsorword59Twitchingoftheeyelidisblepharo_____.Plasticsurgeryperformedontheeyelid______________.Surgicalincisionoftheeyelidis____________.Twitchingoftheeyelidisble60Twitchingoftheeyelidisblepharospasm.Plasticsurgeryperformedontheeyelidblepharoplasty.Surgicalincisionoftheeyelidisblepharotomy.Twitchingoftheeyelidisble61 Extremitiesofthebodyarethearmsandlegs.Thecombiningforacr/oisusedtorefertotheextremities.Inworkingthefollowingexerciseyouwilllearnnewtermsthatpertaintothearmsandlegs. Extremitiesofthebodyaret62

Exercise4

Writelettersintheblankstocompleteeachsentencecorrectly.

Acro/cyanosisiscyanosisoftheextremities.Inacrocyanosis,thearmsandlegsseemtobethecolour____.Acrodermatitisisdermatitisoftheextremities.Inotherwords,the____ofthearmsandlegsisinflamed.Acr/alpertainstothe___________.

Exercise4

Writelettersint63

Exercise4

Writelettersintheblankstocompleteeachsentencecorrectly.

Acro/cyanosisiscyanosisoftheextremities.Inacrocyanosis,thearmsandlegsseemtobethecolourblue.Acrodermatitisisdermatitisoftheextremities.Inotherwords,theskinofthearmsandlegsisinflamed.Acr/alpertainstotheextremities.

Exercise4

Writelettersint64

Exercise4

Writelettersintheblankstocompleteeachsentencecorrectly.

Acrohypothermyisabnormalcoldnessoftheextremities.Translatedliterally,acro/hypo/thermymeansbelownormal____intheextremities.Acro/megalyisadisorderinwhichthereisabnormalenlargementofthe___________ofthebody,includingthenose,jaws,fingersandtoes,causedbyhypersecretionofgrowthhormoneaftermaturity.

Exercise4

Writelettersint65

Exercise4

Writelettersintheblankstocompleteeachsentencecorrectly.

Acrohypothermyisabnormalcoldnessoftheextremities.Translatedliterally,acro/hypo/thermymeansbelownormalheatintheextremities.Acro/megalyisadisorderinwhichthereisabnormalenlargementoftheextremetiesofthebody,includingthenose,jaws,fingersandtoes,causedbyhypersecretionofgrowthhormoneaftermaturity.

Exercise4

Writelettersint66 Afingerortoeisadigit.Thecombiningformdactyl/oisoftenusedinwordsthatpertaintothefingersandtoes, Dactylographyisthestudyoffingerprints. Dactylospasmmeanscrampingofafingerortoe. Inflammationofthebonesofthefingersandtoesisdactylitis.

Afingerortoeisadigit.T67 Chiro/podymeanspertainingtothehandsandfeet.Itisalsotheartorprofessionofachiropodist,onewhotreatscorns,bunionsandotherafflictionsofthehandsandfeet.Crampingofthehandsuchaswriter’scrampischiro/spasm.Plasticsurgeryofthehandischiro/plasty. Chiro/podymeanspertainingt68 Thecombiningformonych/oreferstothenails. Anonychophagist(onych/o,nails+phag/o,eat+-ist,onewho)habituallybitesthenails.Thefollowingexercisewillhelpyoutolearnnewtermsthatusethecombiningformonych/o. Thecombiningformonych/ore69Exercise5

Writethecorrectanswerineachblankspace.

Onycho/malaciais____________________ofthenails.Anonych/omais____________________ofthenailornailbed.Onycho/myc/osisisadiseaseofthe____________________causedbya____________________.Anydiseaseofthenailsiscalledan____________________.Surgicalremovalofthenailis____________________.(Thistermalsomeansdeclawingofananimal.Exercise5

Writethecorrecta70Exercise5

Writethecorrectanswerineachblankspace.

Onycho/malaciaissofteningofthenails.Anonych/omaistumorofthenailornailbed.Onycho/myc/osisisadiseaseofthenailscausedbyafungus.AnydiseaseofthenailsiscalledanonychopathySurgicalremovalofthenailisonychectomy(Thistermalsomeansdeclawingofananimal.Exercise5

Writethecorrecta71BODYFLUIDS

Severalwordpartsthatrelatetobodyfluidsarepresentedbelow.Afteryoucompletetheprogrammedstudythatfollowsthislist,youshouldbeabletorecognizethemeaningsofthewordparts.BODYFLUIDS

Severalwordpart72SELECTEDWORDPARTSTHATPERTAINTOBODYFLUIDSCombiningFormorWordPart MeaningCrin/o,-crine secreteDacry/o,lacrim/o tear, tearing,crying-emia,hem/a,hem/o,hemat/o bloodHidr/o sweator perspirationHydr/o waterSELECTEDWORDPARTSTHATPERTA73CombiningFormorWordPart MeaningLymph/o lymph (sometimesreferstothelymphatics)Muc/o mucusPy/o pusSial/o saliva(sometimesreferstosalivaryglands)Ur/o urine (sometimesreferstotheurinarytract)CombiningFormorWordPart M74Exercise6

Matchthewordpartsintheleftcolumnwiththeirmeaningintherightcolumn(thechoicesontherightmaybeusedmorethanonce)

___1.Crin/o___2.Dacry/o___3.–emia___4.Hemat/o___5.Hidr/o___6.Hydr/o___7.Lacrim/o___8.Lymph/o___9.Muc/o___10.Py/o___11.Sial/o___12.Ur/oUrineLymphTearBloodPerspirationWaterMucusPusSalivaSecreteExercise6

Matchthewordpart75Exercise6

Matchthewordpartsintheleftcolumnwiththeirmeaningintherightcolumn(thechoicesontherightmaybeusedmorethanonce)

J 1.Crin/oC2.Dacry/oD3.–emiaD4.Hemat/oE5.Hidr/oF6.Hydr/oC7.Lacrim/oB8.Lymph/oG9.Muc/oH10.Py/oI11.Sial/oA12.Ur/oUrineLymphTearBloodPerspirationWaterMucusPusSalivaSecreteExercise6

Matchthewordpart76ComprehensiveReviewExercises Workthefollowingexercisestotestyourunderstandingofthematerialinchapter4.Itisbesttoworkallthereviewexercisesbeforecheckingyouranswers.ComprehensiveReviewExercises77A.Useoneofthefollowingwordstocorrectlycompletethesentences.

Abdominopelvic peritoneum ventralCranial spinal visceraDorsal thoracic Thetwoprincipalbodycavitiesarethe(1)_______________cavity,locatedneartheposterioraspectofthebody,andthe(2)_______________cavity,locatedneartheanterioraspect.Eachofthesecavitiesissubdividedintosmallerones.A.Useoneofthefollowingwo78A.Useoneofthefollowingwordstocorrectlycompletethesentences.

Abdominopelvic peritoneum ventralCranial spinal visceraDorsal thoracic Thetwoprincipalbodycavitiesarethe(1)dorsalcavity,locatedneartheposterioraspectofthebody,andthe(2)ventralcavity,locatedneartheanterioraspect.Eachofthesecavitiesissubdividedintosmallerones.A.Useoneofthefollowingwo79A.Useoneofthefollowingwordstocorrectlycompletethesentences.

Abdominopelvic peritoneum ventralCranial spinal visceraDorsal thoracic The(3)_______________cavitycontainsthespinalcordandthebeginningsofthespinalnerves.The(4)_______________cavitycontainsthebrain.Theventralcavityissubdividedintothe(5)_______________orchestcavityandthe(6)_______________cavity.Largeorganscontainedintheventralcavityarecalled(7)_______________.Aserousmembranecalledthe(8)_______________linestheabdominopelviccavityandinveststheinternalorgans.A.Useoneofthefollowingwo80A.Useoneofthefollowingwordstocorrectlycompletethesentences.

Abdominopelvic peritoneum ventralCranial spinal visceraDorsal thoracic The(3)spinalcavitycontainsthespinalcordandthebeginningsofthespinalnerves.The(4)cranialcavitycontainsthebrain.Theventralcavityissubdividedintothe(5)thoracicorchestcavityandthe(6)abdominopelviccavity.Largeorganscontainedintheventralcavityarecalled(7)visceraAserousmembranecalledthe(8)peritoneumlinestheabdominopelviccavityandinveststheinternalorgans.A.Useoneofthefollowingwo81B.Matchthetermsintheleftcolumnwiththedirectionaltermsintherightcolumn.

___1.Caudal___2.Cephalad___3.Distal___4.Dorsal___5.ProximalAboveBackFarFrontHeadNeartailB.Matchthetermsintheleft82B.Matchthetermsintheleftcolumnwiththedirectionaltermsintherightcolumn.

G1.CaudalE2.CephaladC3.DistalB4.DorsalF5.ProximalAboveBackFarFrontHeadNeartailB.Matchthetermsintheleft83C.Writethecorrectanswerineachblankspace.Anteromedianindicatesthepositionof_______________andtowardthemiddle.Posteromedialmeanssituatedinthemiddleofthe_______________.Inananteroposteriorprojection,thex-raybeamstrikesthe_______________aspectofthebodyfirst.Dorsoventralpertainstothebackand_______________surfaces.C.Writethecorrectanswerin84C.Writethecorrectanswerineachblankspace.Anteromedianindicatesthepositionoffrontandtowardthemiddle.Posteromedialmeanssituatedinthemiddleoftheback.Inananteroposteriorprojection,thex-raybeamstrikestheanterioraspectofthebodyfirst.Dorsoventralpertainstothebackandsidesurfaces.C.Writethecorrectanswerin85C.Writethecorrectanswerineachblankspace.Posterolateralmeanslocatedbehindandtothe_______________.Mediolateralmeansinthe_______________andtoone_______________.Anterosuperiorindicatesinfrontand_______________.Inferomedianmeanssituatedinthe_______________ofthe_______________.C.Writethecorrectanswerin86C.Writethecorrectanswerineachblankspace.Posterolateralmeanslocatedbehindandtotheside.Mediolateralmeansinthemiddleandtooneside.Anterosuperiorindicatesinfrontandabove.Inferomedianmeanssituatedinthemiddleoftheunderside.C.Writethecorrectanswerin87D.Writethemeaningofeachunderlinedwordpartintheblankspaces.Hemoglobin_______________Leuk

emia_______________;_______________poly

ur

ia_______________;_______________;___________