北京市通州区2019届高三一模考试英语试卷

北京市通州区2019届高三一模考试英语试卷一、语法填空Ihavebeentomanyplacesasanewsreporter.InIndia,Ivisitedacitywherethereweremany1.(home)children.Somewereasyoungasfouryearsold.Theylivedinthestreets2.survivedbybeggingorstealing.Butthenawonderfullady3.(call)Rosaopenedahomeforthem.Withinoneyear,shewaslookingaftertwohundredchildren.Sheclothedthem,fedthemandtaughtthem.Shegavethemhope.Onlineshopping1.(welcome)bymostpeopleduetovariousreasons.Fortheconsumers,itcansavesometimeforthepeopledon'thavemuchsparetime.Justclickingthemouse,theycangetwhattheywant3.stayingathome.Forthesellers,itcancutsomecostsforthosewithoutenoughcirculatingfunds.Comparedwiththetraditionaltrademode,theydon'thavetospendmoneyin4.(rent)ahouse.Peterworked1.anightwatchmaninasmallfactory.Onemorninghisbosscameinwithasuitcase.HesaidtoPeter,I'mgoingtoNewYorktomorrow.Seeyou.Petersaid,“Oh,youmustn'tgo.Thefactoryowneraskedhimwhy.Peteransweredthathe2.(have)anightmarethenightbefore.Inthedream,hehadseenthenextday'splanetoNewYorkcrashovertheAtlanticOcean.Peter'sboss3.(immediate)cancelledhisticketandstayedintheoffice.Theplanecrashed;thebossthankedPeterandgavehimabigpresent.Thenhefiredhim.二、完形填空“Sara,don'tforgetyourpromisetomethatyouwillmow(割草)Mrs.Martin'syardthisweekend,”saidDad.“Don'tletmedown.”Sarawastheoldestchildinthefamily,andoneofherchoreswastomowtheiryard.Mrs.Martin,theirneighbor,wasunabletotakecareofheryardinher70s,soSara'sdadhadSaraforthisjob.Mrs.Martin'syardwasnotbig,Saraknewthejobwouldgoquickly.However,shestilldislikedherdad's.“Whydidn'tyouaskmefirst?”Sarahad.“Didyouaskmefirstwhenyouvolunteeredmetobeintheschoolfestivallastfall?”askedSara'sfather.“Well,no,Ididn'taskyoufirst,youwouldhavedonethosethingsanyway.You'realwaystohelp.”“IwhenIcan.”Dadanswered.“Sara,wehaveknownMrs.Martinforaverylongtime.Shehasoftenourfamily.Nowwecandosomethingforher.,thefeelingyougetfromhelpingsomeonemakesyouwhoisreallyhelpingwhom.”“Idon'tknow,Dad,”saidSara.“TheonlyfeelingIgetfrommowingouryardis.”“Justyouwaitandsee,”saidDadAfterbreakfast,SaramadeherwaytoMrs.Martin'syard.ShewasgoodatherjobandsoonhadMrs.Martinsyardlooking.Mrs.Martincameoutsidewithabigglassoforangejuiceandittoher.Sarastoppedherworkandenjoyedthedrink,whileMrs.Martintalkedtoheraboutalloftheflowersinheryard.SeeingtheinMrs.Martin'seyes,SarabegantounderstandhowmuchtheyardtoMrs.Martin.Afterfinishingherdrink,Sarareturnedtoworkwithanew.Awarmfeelingbegantothroughherbody.Herdadwas.Itwashardtotellwhowashelpingwhom!A.strangeB.newC.agedD.faithfulA.guidedB.volunteeredC.orderedD.forcedA.OnceB.SinceC.UnlessD.AlthoughA.promiseB.argumentC.permissionD.introductionA.repliedB.suggestedC.complainedD.announcedA.butB.soC.orD.forA.proudB.willingC.afraidD.fortunateA.chooseB.succeedC.hesitateD.tryA.respectedB.changedC.protectedD.helpedA.BesidesB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.OtherwiseA.imagineB.exploreC.worryD.wonderA.scaredB.movedC.tiredD.relaxedA.tidyB.aliveC.emptyD.messyA.threwB.deliveredC.offeredD.soldA.eagerlyB.generouslyC.carefullyD.gratefullyA.determinationB.peaceC.curiosityD.joyA.relatedB.meantC.belongedD.referredA.attitudeB.wisdomC.inspirationD.expectationA.existB.flyC.spreadD.breakA.unusualB.rightC.seriousD.helpful三、阅读理解Iwasintheseventhgrade,andwehadmovedtoNewJerseyinNovember.Bythen,everyonealreadyhadhadtheirownfriends,andnoonewantedtotalktoanewgirl.Tomakethingsworse,theyputmein“SectionL”.IfoundoutlaterthateveryonecalledSectionL“Loserville”.Itwassortofanopensecretthatitwasthesectionfortroublemakersandnot-so-smartkids.WhenIfoundout,Iwantedtoscream.Ihadalwaysbeenagoodstudentandhadamazingfriends,andnoweveryonethoughtIwasaloser!IdidtextmyfriendsinIllinoisalmosteverynight,especiallymybestfriend,Ana.Atfirstmyfriendswantedtohearallaboutit.ButthensomestoppedtextingbackonceIsaidsomethingabouthowmiserableIwas.OnenightwhenIwastextingwithAna,Icomplainedaboutanotherfriendwhohadjustdonethat.Ana'stextscamereallyfastforthenextfewminutesandtheysurprisedme.ShesaidthatshewastiredofhearingabouthowbadeverythingwasinNewJersey,too.ShesaidshedidnotwanttohurtmyfeelingsbutthatIneededtostopfeelingsosorryformyselfallthetime,Ihadtotrytomakethingsbetter.Thenextday,IthoughtalotaboutwhatAnahadsaid.Shewasright!IwishIcouldsaythateverythingchangedovernightafterthat,butitdidn't.Iwasstillstuckin“Loserville”,andsomepeoplewerestillmeantome,eventhoughItriedtojuststayoutoftheirway.Butwhatdidchangewasme—Istoppedfeelingsosorryformyselfanddidsomethingaboutmakingfriends.Isigneduptomakesetsfortheschoolplay.Imetalotofnewpeoplethere,andsuddenlyIhadfriendstosayhitointhehalls!IstillmissIllinoissometimes,butlifeinNewJerseyisn'tsohardanymore.EventhoughIcouldn'tchangemysituation,Icouldchangemyattitude—andthatmadeallthedifference.“Loserville”isasectionfor.failuresB.goodstudentsclasssecretsD.newcomersThewritercomplainedallthetimeinthenewenvironmentbecause.Anadidn'ttextbacktoherB.herfriendshurtherfeelingsC.shewasunfairlytreatedD.shewasagoodstudentWhatmadeadifferenceinchangingthesituation?ShewentbacktoIllinois.SheendedfriendshipwithAna.Shefoughtbackwithherclassmates.Shebegantomakefriendswithothers.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe.LastingFriendshipB.AnIncidenceatSchoolC.SayGoodbyeto“Loserville”D.Unhappinessin“Loserville”Thesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming,weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCOareweresponsiblefor?AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee(aleadingexpertincarbonfootprinting)mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy,andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce,includingtheingredients,theelectricity,theequipment,thetransportandthepackaging.Andit'sfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces.Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodrink.FromBerners-Lee'scalculations,it'sclearthatapint(568ml)oflocally-brewed(酿制的)beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2-buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!So,onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike,surely?Well,itdependsonwhatyou'vehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So,ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,it's200g.Infact,bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydon'tneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight.So,doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment?Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle,youdontuseyourcar;andthefewercarsontheroad,thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints!So,maybeit'stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,please.Whichofthefollowingsproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints?Apintoflocalbeer.Abottleofimportedbeer.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride.Accordingtothearticle,theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis.moretastyB.easiertobuyC.betterpackagedD.moreenergy-savingTmoteanewbookadvertisetheimportedbeerinstructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprintencouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2Mostadultsfirmlybelievethataskidsreachtheirteens,theystarttotakecrazyrisksthatgetthemintrouble.Doteenagerssimplylovetakingallrisksmuchmorethanadults?Arecentstudysuggestsotherwise.Scientistsdesignedasimpleexperimentinvolving33teenagersandthreeotheragegroups.Intheexperiment,theresearcherstriedtodistinguishbetweentwoverydifferentkindsofrisk-taking.Thefirsttheycalledawillingnesstotakeknownrisks(whentheprobabilityofwinningisclear)andthesecondtheycalledawillingnesstotakeunknownrisks(whenthepossibilityofsuccessisuncertain).Thestudyofferedparticipantstheopportunitytoplaytwokindsofgames.Theyhadthechancetowinmoney,withonegameofferingaknownriskandtheotherofferinganunknownrisk.Oneachroundofthegame,eachparticipanthadtochoosebetweentakingasure$5andknownorunknownrisksofwinningalotmore.Ifononeparticularroundtheyhadpickedthe$5forsurechoice,thentheygot$5.Butifonthatroundtheyhadchosentotakearisk,therulesofthegamewilldeterminewhetherornottheyhadwon.Iftheydidwin,theywenthomewithbetween$8and$125.And,ofcourse,iftheylost,theywenthomewithnothing.Whatthescientistsfoundwasreallyquitesurprising.Itturnedoutthattheaverageteenagerwasveryhesitantwhenriskswereknown—morecarefulthancollegestudentsorparents-agedadults,andaboutascarefulasgrandparent-agedadults.Thismeansthatwhentheriskswereknown,teenagerswerenotriskyintheirbehavioratall.Onlywhentheriskswereuncleardidteenagerschoosethemmoreoftenthanothergroups.Underthosekindsofconditions,theyweremuchmorewillingtotakeariskthananyothergroup.So,whatdoesallofthismean?Theresearchsuggeststhatadultsshouldprobablyfocusmoreenergyontryingtoeducateteenagersaboutrisksthanlimitingthem.Teenagerswhounderstandtherisksassociatedwithadecisionaremorelikelytobecarefulintheirbehavior.ThisexperimentwascarriedoutbyA.dividingtheteensintothreegroupscomparingthereactionstodifferentrisksgivingequalamountofawardstotheparticipantsD.observingtheemotionalchangesoftheteenagerWhenfacingknownrisks,teenagerstendedtobe.A.ambitsB.cautiousC.anxiousD.curiousWhichgroupinthestudyweremorelikelytotakeunknownrisks?A.Teenagers.B.Collegestudents.C.Parent-agedadults.D.Grandparent-agedadults.Accordingtothestudy,parentsshouldfocuson.A.guaranteeingchildrentobecarefulsettingagelimitsondangerousactivitiesrespectingteenstomaketheirownchoicesguidingteenstolearnmoreabouttheeffectofrisksSharkattacksnotonlydisturbbeachactivities,butcanaffectassociatedtouristindustries.Sharknetsareacommonsolutiontopreventingsharkattacksonbeaches,buttheycausedangerstoseaecosystems.Seekingacost-effectivewaytomonitorbeachsafetyoverlargeareas,wehavedevelopedasystemcalledSharkSpotter.Itcombinesartificialintelligence（AI）,computingpower,anddrone（无人机）technologytoidentifyandwarnlifesaverstosharksnearswimmers.TheprojectisacooperationbetweentheUniversityofTechnologySydneyandTheRipperGroup,whichispioneeringtheuseofdrones—called“WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers”—inthesearchandrescuemovementinAustralia.SharkSpottercandetectsharksandotherpotentialthreatsusingreal-timeaerialimagery.Thesystemanalysesvideofromacameraattachedtoadronetomonitorbeachesforsharks,sendwarnings,andconductrescues.Developedwithtechniquesknownas“deeplearning”,theSharkSpottersystemreceivesimageryfromthedronecameraandattemptstoidentifyallobjectsinthescene.Oncecertainobjectsaredetected,theyareputintooneof16categories:shark,whale,dolphin,rays,differenttypesofboats,surfers,andswimmers.Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod（漂浮仓）togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent（驱逐装置）thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.InJanuary20xx,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.ThisuniquetechnologycombinesdynamicvideoimageprocessingAIandadvanceddronetechnologytocreativelydealwiththeglobalchallengeofensuringsafebeaches,protectingenvironments,andpromotingtourism.ASharkSpotteris.A.asolutiontomonitorsharksanequipmenttoidentifylifesaversatechnologytopreventsharkattacksaprojecttopioneertheuseofdronesWhenasharkisspottednearaswimmer,thesystemwillA.taketimelyactionB.analyzethevisualdataC.classifytheidentifiedobjectsD.turnon“deeplearning”modeTheexampleinthe5thparagraphshowsusthatthesystemisA.efficientinsavinglivesB.effectiveindetectingsharksC.smartindrivingsharksawayD.practicaloverthewholeseaareaWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofSharkSpotter?A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Negative.D.Objective.四、七选五Nowadays,WeChatisaboutexpressingouropinionsandWeiboisaboutcollectingthingswelike.Bothofthemdevelopourself-focus.Self-focussimplymeansyoupayattentiontohowyoufeel,thinkandbehave.Self-focusisn'tnaturallyabadthing.Particularlyinindividualstic（个人主义的、）cultures,wevalueourabilitytobeself-aware.1.Unfortunately,whenyouareregularlyfocusingonyourself,you'llnoticeanydissatisfaction,anxiety,orgeneraldiscomfortyoumightnothaveotherwise.2.Asaresult,self-focuscontributestoawiderangeofmentalhealthproblemslikeanxiety.Butquittingtec