初中英语 数词

第四讲数词第一部分：数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目；序数词表示顺序。考点一基数词0〜12：各自独立的单词，要单独记。one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。13〜19:在个位数或个位数变形后的词尾加'teen。thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen。20〜99：逢十在个位数或个位数变形后的词尾加'ty；表示“几十几”时，在几十和个位数的基数词之间加连字符。twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety，twenty-one；ninety-nine。101〜999:整百用1〜9的基础词加hundred表示，几百几十或几百几十几，先说几百，再加and,再加末尾两位数或个位数。onehundredandone，twohundredandthirty-eight。1000以上的数：先将数字从右往左数，每三位数加一个逗号隔开，从右往左依次读作thousand（千）million（百万）、billion（十亿），逗号中间的数字按三位数读。hundred，thousand，million，billion在表示确切的数字时，不能使用其复数形式；在表示不确切的数字时，如成百上千、成千上万，可以使用其复数形式，且要与of连用，其前可以用afew,many，several等修饰。Thecomputeronlycostmetwothousandyuan.这台电脑仅花了我2000元。Therearethousandsofpeopleinthehall.大厅里有成千上万人。基数词在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语或同位语。Thethreehappilygotothemuseum.那三个人高兴地向博物馆走去。（作主语）Tomhasfourapples.Ihavefive.汤姆有4个苹果，我有5个。（作宾语）Sixboysareplayingbasketballontheplayground.六个男孩正在操场上打篮球。（作定语）Mybrotherisseven.我弟弟七岁了。（作表语）Theytwotriedtofinishtheworkintheshortesttime.他们两个试图在最短的时间内完成工作。（作同位语）【典例精析】（）1.—Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?—Aboutfour.A.hundredsofB.hundredC.hundreds（）2.TheearthquakeinYa'anleftpeoplehomeless.A.twothousandsB.thousandsofC.twothousandsofD.twothousandof考点二序数词序数词一般由与之相对应的基数词加'th构成，个别特殊形式的需要单独记；20以上的序数词仅最后一个词为序数词形式，其他的词还是基数词形式。first，second，third，fourth，fifth，sixth，twenty-seventh，thirty-eighth，forty-ninth。基数词变序数词口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾要加-th；—二三，特殊记，词尾分别tdd（first，second，third）；八去t，九去e，ve要用f替；-ty变作-tie，再加-th莫忘记；若遇几十几，只变个位就可以。序数词前一般加定冠词the，但是其前面也可以加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一，再”的意思，内含顺序性。Hisfatherhashadtwocars,butnowhe'sgoingtobuyathirdone.他爸爸已经有两辆车了，现在准备买第三辆。注意：当序数词前有物主代词、名词所有格等限定词时，不再用定冠词the。序数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Thefirstisthemostimportant.第一个是最重要的。（作主语）Theyfoundthesecondquickly.他们很快就找到了第二个。（作宾语）Shewasthethirdintheexam.她考试得了第三名。（作表语）Weallagreedwiththesecondplan.我们都同意第二个方案。（作定语）注意：为了书写的便利，序数词在拼写时常用阿拉伯数字加该词词尾的最后两个字母表示。third=3rdtwenty-fifth=25th【典例精析】（）1.Susanlivesonthefloorandweareneighbors.A.fourB.fourthC.fourteenD.forty（）2.Tomanyforeigners,Guangzhouhasbecometheirhometown.A.twoB.secondC.thesecond（）3.Tofinishthetask,we'vetriedthreetimes,andafterdinnerwe'lltrytime.A.thefourthB.afourthC.fourthD.four（）4.Mymotherboughtmeasweaterformybirthday.A.twelfthB.twelveC.thetwelfth考点三分数、百分数及小数□・分数的表示法与读法分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。先读分子，再读分母。分数的几种特殊读法：1/2读作ahalf1/4读作onefourth或aquarter3/4读作threefourths或threequarters分数前有整数时，整数和分数之间要用and来连接。如果分数中含有1/2有如下表达法：“基数词+and+ahalf+名词复数”或“基数词+名词（单数/复数）+and+ahalf”。twoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf注意：“半杯/瓶/篮子”通常用“halfan/a…”来表示。halfabasketofapples半篮苹果halfabottleofhoney半瓶蜂蜜□・百分数的表示法百分数通常用“基数词+percent”来表示。常构成短语“基数词+percentof”。注意：分数或百分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数通常由分数或百分数后面的名词而定：分数或百分数后面的名词为不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；分数或百分数后面的名词为可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。TwofifthsofthewaterinthebottlewasbedrunkbyTom.汤姆喝了瓶子里2/5的水。OnethirdofthestudentsinmyclassarefromCanada.我们班1/3的学生来自加拿大。□・小数的表示法及读法小数点前后的数字都要用基数词表示。小数点读作point，小数点前的数字按照普通基数词读，小数点后的数字需一一读出。1.5读作onepointfive13.78读作thirteenpointseveneight【典例精析】（）1.There'remanystudentsinourschool.ofthemgirls.A.Onethird;isB.Onethird;areC.Twothirds;is（）2.It'ssaidthatofthewateraroundtheworldpolluted.A.twothird;hasB.twothirds;haveC.twothird;areD.twothirds;is（）3.Forbreakfast，Iusuallyhaveandtwopiecesofbread.A.acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcup考点四时间表示法□・年份的表示法及读法一般情况下，年份直接用数字表示。读的时候，将表示年份的四个数字按前后分为两组，每组的数字按基数词读。1980读作nineteeneighty如果年份的前两个数字为非“零”数字，后两位数字都为“零”，则先读出前两位数，然后将后面的两个“零”读为hundred。1600读作sixteenhundred第三个数字为“零”（其他数字不是“零”）的年份，将“零”读为Oo1808读作eighteenOeight4・千年的一些读法2000读作twothousand2010读作twothousandandten□.日期的表示法及读法英语中的日期，可以用“月、日、年”的顺序表示，即“月份+序数词/基数词+年份”；也可以用“日、月、年”的顺序表示，即“基数词+月份+年”。需要注意的是，日期读的时候只能按照序数词来读。December25（th）,1997读作Decemberthetwenty-fifthnineteenninetyseven7May,1983读作Maytheseventhnineteeneightythree□.年代的表示方法年代用数词的复数形式表示。inthe1980s二十世纪八十年代注意:表示“几十”的数词的复数形式还可以用来表示人的岁数，其结构为“inone's+数词的复数形式”。inhisforties在他四十多岁的时候□.时刻的读法顺读法:小时和分钟数依次读。3:25读作threetwenty-five。倒读法：分钟在前，小时在后，中间加介词to或past。前半个小时用“分钟数+past+已过钟点数”；后半个小时用“（60'分钟数）+to+下一个钟点数”。3:25读作twenty-fivepastthree3:55读作fivetofour特殊读法:30分钟=half；15分钟=aquarter；45分钟=threequarters。3:30读作halfpastthree或threethirty3:15读作aquarterpastthree或threefifteen或fifteenpastthree3:45读作aquartertofour或threefortyfive或fifteentofour【典例精析】（）1.AboutofthestudentsinGradeNinethisyearwereborninthe.A.threefive;1996B.threefifths;1990sC.thirdfifth;1997D.thirdfifths;1990s（）2.—Hurryup!It's.We'reaskedtofinishitby5o'clock.Youmeanwe'veonlygot20minutesleft.A.5:20B.4:20C.4:40D.5:40考点五编号表示法the+序数词+名词thefourthpage第4页名词+基数词（名词和基数词的首字母都要大写）RoomTwenty20房间No.+基数词+名词No.5Bus5路公共汽车【典例精析】（）1.Theyarethestudentsof.A.grade7B.Grade7C.7thgradeD.Grade7th（）2.—Whatshouldwedonow,Mr.Clark?PleaseturntoPageandlookatthepicture.A.Twelve;fifthB.Twelfth;fifthC.Twelve;fiveD.Twelfth;five考点六倍数、年龄、长、宽及重量等的表示法倍数的表达：“一倍”用once表示，“两倍”用twice表示，两倍以上用“数词+times”表示。年龄、长及宽等的表示方法：基数词+表示度量的词[year(s)/meter(s)/kilometer(s)/kilo(s)/+形容词(long/wide/high/deep)]。threeyearsold3岁twometerstall2米高tenmeterslong10米长onemeterdeep1米长注意：表示某人多少岁的生日，往往用序数词。onherforty'thirdbirthday在她43岁生日时“数词+单数名词+形容词”可以构成复合形容词，词与词之间需用连字符连接。这样的形容词只能作定语，并且里面的名词总是用单数，末尾的形容词可以省略。athree-month-longvacation3个月的假期athree-year-oldboy一个3岁的男孩【典例精析】()1.Wehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlistenwespeak.A.astwicemuchasB.twiceasmuchasC.asmuchastwiceD.asmuchtwiceas()2.一Howoldisyourdaughter?一.Wehadaspecialpartyforherbirthdayyesterday.A.Nine;nineB.Nine;ninthC.Ninth;ninth考点七数词和冠词的关系序数词前要加定冠词the；但基数词前不加冠词。Sundayisthefirstdayofaweek.星期天是一周的第一天。“a/an+序数词”表示“又一，再一”。Hefailedtwice,buthetriedathirdtime.他失败了两次，但他又尝试了一次。“ofthe+基数词”表示范围。Sheisthetallestgirlofthethree.她是三个女孩中个子最高的。4•序数词前已有指示代词、物主代词或every时，不再用定冠词。ThisismyfirsttriptoHongKong.这是我第一次到香港旅行。序数词与名词构成的复合名词前不用定冠词。asecond-handcar一辆二手汽车序数词用作副词时，前面不用定冠词。Hecameoutfirstinthecompetition.他在比赛中得了第一名。在一些由序数词构成的固定词组中不用定冠词。atfirst起先fromfirsttolast自始至终firstofall首先secondtonone首屈一指，最佳的学以致用：一、汉译英1.两个半小时2.22路公交车成千上万的4.2000米长5.201房间二、根据汉语提示完成句子Hebecameasuperstar(在他30多岁时).Thestoryhappenedon(2013年3月9日).Mr.Readlivedonthe(12楼).Themeetingwillbeginat(8点40分).(50英里)notalongdistance.Janewas(第八)intheline.课后家庭作业：一、单项选择。()1．ThegovernmentofQinghaiisbuildingcheapandgoodhousesforthepeople.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof()2．—Howwasyourweekend?—Great!Itwasmygrandfather'sbirthday.Weenjoyedourselves.A．seventyB．seventiethC．theseventiethD．seventeenth()3．—Howmuchisthenewcar?—Abouteightyyuan.A．thousandB．thousandsofC.thousandsD.thousandof()4．—Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?—Thereareforty-fivestudents.Onethirdofthemaregirls.areboys.A．ThreefifthsB．TwothirdsC．ThreefourthsD．Ahalf()5．ofhisworkswerewritteninhis.A．Onethird;fiftiesB．Onethird;fiftyC.Onethirds;fifties()6．—Whatdoesthefreshjuicecontain?—ofthejuiceorange.It'sverypure.A．Fourfifth;areB．Fourfifths;areC．Fourfifth;isD．Fourfifths;is()7．Mayisthemonthofayear.A．fiftyB．fifteenC．fifthD．five()8．Somescientiststhinkthatitwilltakeofyearstomakerobotsdomostworkforhumans.A．hundredsB．hundredC．thousand()9．ThevolunteerssentbookstoamountainvillageschoolonChildren'sDay.A．twohundredsofB．twohundredofC．twohundredsD．twohundred()10．Hewrotehisnovelwhenhewas.A．five；fiftiesB．fifth；fiftyC．fifth；fiftieth()11．—OurschoolisgoingtoholdtheCultureFestival.—Isee.Andwecantakepartinactivities.A．tenth；tenthB．ten；tenthC．tenth；tenD．ten；ten()12．Theactionfilmhasattractedmillionsofyoungpeopletothecinema.A．130-minuteB．130-minutesC．130minuteD．130minutes()13.Kateisgirl.She'sveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aneighteen-year-oldC.aneighteen-years-oldD.aeighteen—years-old()14.Tofinishthetask,we'vetriedthreetimes,andafterdinnerwe'lltrytime.A.thefourthB.afourthC.fourthD.four()15．—Let'sgotothebookstoreathalfpastninetomorrowmorning．一It'stoolate.Let'smakeit.A.aquartertonineB.twentytotenC.aquartertoten()16.It'ssaidthatofthewateraroundtheworldpolluted.A.twothird;hasB.twothirds;haveC.twothird;areD.twothirds;is()17.studentstookthecollegeentranceexamontimethemorningofJune7thinSouthChina,thoughitrainedheavily.A.Thousandsof;inB.Manythousands;onC.Thousandsof;on()18.一Haveyoufinishedyourtoday'swork?一No,Ineed.A.twoanotherhoursB.anothertwohoursC.moretwohoursD.twootherhours二、用所给单词的正确形式填空Nineplusthree(make)twelve.Veryfew(know)hisaddressinthetown.Thestudentsinourschool(have)anEnglishdictionary.Inthecountry,therich(become)richer;thepoor,poorer.Thepairofshoes(be)wornout.Theenvironmenthereisbetternowandthere(be)lesspullution.Thewholeclass(be)greatlymovedathiswords.There(be)somepolicearoundhere.Nooneexcepttwostudents(be)lateforthemeeting.Allbuthimandme(be)goingtotheexhibition.三、完型填空。FarleyworkedfortheCanadiangovernment.Oneday,hewas__1__tolearnmoreaboutwolves.Dowolveskilllotsofcaribou(北美驯鹿)？Dotheykillpeople?Theygavehimlotsoffoodandclothesandguns.Thentheyputhimonaplaneandtookhimto__2__.Theplaneputhimdownandwentaway.Therewerenohousesorpeopleinthisplace.Buttherewerelotsofanimalsandlotsofwolves.Peopletellterriblestoriesaboutwolves.Theysaywolvesliketokillandeatpeople.Farleyrememberedthesestories,andhewas__3__.Hehadhisgunwithhim__4_.Thenoneday,hesawagroupofwolves.Therewasamotherwolfwithfourbabywolves.Afatherwolfandanotheryoungwolflivedwiththem.Farleywatchedthesewolveseveryday.Themotherwasavery__5__mother.Shegavemilktoherbabies.Shegavethemlessonsaboutlife.Theylearnedhowto__6__food.Thefatherwolfgotfoodforthemother.Theyoungwolf__7__thechildren.Theywereanice,happyfamily—wolffamily!Farleydidnotneedhis__8__anymore.Inashorttime,hegotonwellwiththefamily.Farleywatchedthemforfivemonths.Helearnedthatmanystoriesaboutthewolveswere__9__.Wolvesdonoteatpeople,andtheydonoteatmanylargeanimals.Andhealsolearnedbadthingsaboutmen.Itwasmenwhokilledmanycaribouandwolves.Later,Farleywroteabookaboutwolves.Hewantedpeopleto__10__themandnottokillthem.()29.A.seenB.toldC.heardD.found()30.A.asmalltownB.abigcityC.afarplaceD.alonelyvillage()31.A.afraidB.happyC.angryD.tired()32.A.attimesB.allthetimeC.onceaweekD.everyafternoon()33.A.badB.goodC.hungryD.thirsty()34.A.cookB.makeC.getD.pick()35.A.shoutedatB.lookedintoC.laughedatD.playedwith()36.A.foodB.clothesC.gunD.plane()37.A.notgoodB.nottrueC.noteasyD.notclear()38.A.growB.haveC.teachD.Understand四、阅读理解。ABecareful!Somepeoplemayusethetruthtodeceive.Whensomeonetellsyousomethingthatistrue,butmissesimportantinformationthatshouldbeincluded,hecancreateafalseimpression(印卩象).Forexample,someonemightsay,"Ijustwon100dollarsonthelottery(彩票).Itwasgreat.Itookthatticketbacktothestoreandtheygaveme100dollars!"Thismanisawinner,right？Maybe,maybenot.Wethendiscoverthathepaid200dollarsfor200tickets,andonlyoneticketwon.He'sreallyabigloser(失败者)！Hedidn'tsayanythingthatwasfalse,buthedidn'tgivetheotherimportantinformation.That'scalledahalf-truth.Half-truthsarenotlies(谎言；说谎)，butinfacttheyaredishonest.Advertisementssometimesusehalf-truths.It'sagainstthelawtolieinadvertisements,sotheytrytodeceivewiththetruth.Anadvertisementmightsay,"Nine-tenthsofdoctorsbelievethatFancyPillswillbegoodtocancer."Itdoesn'ttellyouthattheyonlyaskedtendoctorsandnineofthemworkfortheFancyCompany.Thiskindofthinghappenstoooften.It'sasadfactoflife:Liesarelies,andsometimesthetruthcanlieaswell.()39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"deceive"meaninChinese?A、坦白B.引人注意C.获胜D.欺骗()40.Whenpeopletellpartofthetruth,.A.theyarereallylyingB.theyarelotterylosersC.theymaywantyoutobuysomethingD.theymaynotbehonest()41.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thetruthcanbeusedbydishonestpeople.B.Allliesarehiddeninthetruth.C.Nine-tenthsofdoctorsworkforFancyCompany.D.Advertisementsarefulloflies.()42.Whatdoesthewriterclearlywantpeopletodo?A.Thinkcarefullywhentheyreadorhearsomething.B.Spendnomoneyonlotterytickets.C.Nevertrustanyonenomatterwhattheysay.D.Alwaystellthetruth.()43.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Tellt