物流与供应链管理培训课程课件

CHAPTER1LogisticsandtheSupplyChain物流与供应链管理第一章物流与供应链管理CHAPTER1LogisticsandtheSupHowmuchdoyouknowaboutLogisticsandtheSupplyChain？HowmuchdoyouknowaboutLog2CONTENTSOFCHAPTER1Section1EconomicImpactsofLogisticsSection2Logistics:WhatItIsSection3TheIncreasedImportanceofLogisticsSection4TheSystemsandTotalCostApproachestoLogisticsSection5LogisticalRelationshipswithintheFirmSection6MarketingChannelsSection7ActivitiesintheLogisticalChannelSection8LogisticsCareersSummaryKeyTermsQuestionsforDiscussionandReview第一章目录第一章目录第一节物流对经济的影响第二节物流是什么第三节物流日益增长的重要性第四节物流系统方法和总成本方法第五节公司内部的物流关系第六节营销渠道第七节物流渠道中的活动第八节物流职业本章小结重要术语、讨论和复习题CONTENTSOFCHAPTER1Section13LearningObjectives1Tolearnthedefinitionoflogistics2Tounderstandtheeconomicimportanceoflogistics3Tolearnofrecenteventsandtheirinfluencesonlogisticspractices4Togainanunderstandingoflogisticspracticeswithinafirm5Tolearndifferentpricingpolicies6Toknowaboutlogisticscareers本章学习目标第一章学习目标1理解物流的定义2理解物流的经济重要性3了解最新事件及它们对物流实践的影响4理解公司内的物流实践5了解不同的定价策略6了解物流职业LearningObjectives1Tolearn4Section1EconomicImpactsofLogistics物流对经济的影响第一节物流对经济的影响Section1EconomicImpactsofLLookatthispicture,whatdoyouthinkabouttheeconomicimpactsoflogistics?Lookatthispicture,whatdo6EconomicImpactsofLogisticsMacroeconomicImpacts:

MicroeconomicImpacts:

Animportantcomponentinanycountry’seconomyPlayanimportantroleinanation’seconomicgrowthanddevelopment第一节物流对经济的影响CanaffectindividualconsumerssuchasyouEconomicImpactsofLogisticsM7EconomicImpactsofLogisticsMicroeconomicImpactsofindividualcanbeillustratedthroughtheconceptofeconomicutility.Economicutilityisthevalueorusefulnessofaproductinfulfillingcustomerneedsorwants.第一节物流对经济的影响物流对微观经济中个体的影响可以用经济效用的概念加以解释。EconomicImpactsofLogisticsM8EconomicUtilityEconomicUtilityPossessionUtilityFormUtilityPlaceUtilityTimeUtility拥有效用形式效用地点效用时间效用第一节物流对经济的影响EconomicUtilityEconomicPosses9PossessionUtilityThevalueorusefulnessthatcomesfromacustomerbeingabletotakepossessionofaproduct.Youtakepossessionofthefarmbyleasing,butyoudonothavetherightofownership.第一节物流对经济的影响PossessionUtilityThevalueor10FormUtilityAproductisbeinginaformthat(1)canbeusedbythecustomerand(2)isofvaluetothecustomer第一节物流对经济的影响Youneedonlyacupofmilk,buttheshoponlysalesmorethantenboxesoncetime.Doesthemilkintherightformforyou?FormUtilityAproductisbeing11PlaceUtilityHavingproductsavailablewheretheyareneededbycustomers,productsaremovedfrompointsoflesservaluetopointsofgreatervalue.第一节物流对经济的影响Howcanyoubuytheproducts,ifthefactorystandsinGuangdongprovinceandyouliveinNanchang?PlaceUtilityHavingproductsa12TimeUtilityHavingproductsavailablewhentheyareneededbycustomers第一节物流对经济的影响ThericeisusuallyreapedatJulyandOctober,butwehavetoeateverymonth.TimeUtilityHavingproductsav13LogisticsEconomicUtility第一节物流对经济的影响createLogisticsPlaceUtilityTimeUtilityFormUtilitywarehousetransportallocationLogisticsEconomic14SummaryofSection1EconomicImpactsofLogisticsMacroeconomicImpactsMicroeconomicImpactsEconomicUtilityPossessionUtilityFormUtilityPlaceUtilityTimeUtility第一节物流对经济的影响物流对经济的影响包括：宏观经济方面的影响微观经济方面的影响：可以用经济效用进行解释。经济效用包括拥有效用、形式效用、地点效用、时间效用。SummaryofSection1Economic15SummaryofSection1Now,canyoutellmehowlogisticsimpactonnationalandindividualeconomy?Showyouranswers.第一节物流对经济的影响SummaryofSection1Now,can16Section2Logistics:WhatItIs物流是什么第二节物流是什么Section2Logistics:WhatItILogistics:WhatItIsCanyoudefinewhatlogisticsis?第二节物流是什么Logistics:WhatItIsCanyou18Section2Logistics:WhatItIs1Since1980,Logisticshasbeenreferredtobyanumberofdifferentterms:第二节物流是什么BusinesslogisticsDistributionIndustrialdistributionLogisticsLogisticsmanagementMaterialsmanagementPhysicaldistributionSupplychainmanagementTheyaresimilar,butnotthesameSection2Logistics:WhatIt19Section2Logistics:WhatItIs2CSCMPdefinedlogisticsas:Thisauthoritativedefinitionwasadoptedbymanytextbooks.第二节物流是什么“Logisticsisthatpartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers’requirements.”Section2Logistics:WhatIt20Section2Logistics:WhatItIs2美国供应链管理专业协会关于物流的定义:这个权威定义被许多教材采纳。第二节物流是什么物流是供应链管理的一部分，它以满足顾客需求为目标，对从起始点到消费点的产品、服务以及相关信息的正向、逆向流动和存储进行有效率的、有效果的计划、实施和控制。Section2Logistics:WhatIt21LogisticsisthatpartofthesupplychainmanagementMeanslogisticscanaffecthowwellorhowpoorlyanindividualfirmanditsassociatedsupplychaincanachievegoalsandobjectives.第二节物流是什么物流是供应链管理的一部分，意味着物流会影响到单个企业以及它相关的供应链会多好或多糟糕的实现其目标。Logisticsisthatpartofthe22Plans,implements,andcontrols

Meanslogisticsinvolvedtheallthreeactivitiesbutnotjustoneortwo.第二节物流是什么计划、实施和控制意味着物流包括这三项活动，而不是其中的一项或两项。Plans,implements,andcontrol23Theefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageEffectivenessmeanshowwellacompanydoeswhattheysaythey’regoingtodo.Efficientmeanshowwellorpoorlycompanyresourcesareusedtoachievewhatcompanypromisesitcando.第二节物流是什么效果是指公司承诺要做的事情做得怎么样？效率是指公司为了做到公司许诺的事情，其资源是多么好或多么糟糕地被使用。Theefficient,effectiveforwa24ForwardandreverseflowandstorageForwardlogisticsisthosedirecttowardthepointofconsumption.Reverselogisticsisthoseoriginateatthepointofconsumption.第二节物流是什么正向的物流是指向消费点的流动和存储，逆向的物流是从消费点开始的流动和存储。Forwardandreverseflowands25Goods,services,andrelatedinformationInthecontemporarybusinessenvironment,logisticsisasmuchabouttheflowandstorageofinformationasitisabouttheflowandstorageofgoods.第二节物流是什么在当代商业环境中，物流中信息的流动和存储与货物的流动和存储同样多。Goods,services,andrelatedi26Tomeetcustomers’requirementsIt’simportantforseveralreasons.One,acustomerfocusiseasybutcommunicatingwithcustomersishardforcompanies.Second,differentcustomershavedifferentlogisticalneedsandwants.Socompaniesshouldconsider

tailoredlogisticsapproachesbutnotmasslogisticsapproaches.第二节物流是什么以顾客需求为目标很重要。因为，第一以顾客为中心容易但真正与顾客良好沟通难；第二不同的顾客有不同的物流需要，因此企业应考虑剪裁式物流而非大量物流Tomeetcustomers’requirement27Tailoredlogisticsapproaches,MasslogisticsapproachesTailoredlogisticsapproachesGroupsofcustomerswithsimilarlogisticalneedsandwantsareprovidedwithlogisticsserviceappropriatetotheseneedsandwants.

MasslogisticsapproachesAone-size-fits-alllogisticsapproach,inwhicheverycustomergetsthesametypeandlevelsoflogisticsservice.Tailoredlogisticsapproaches,28SummaryofSection2Whatislogistics“Logisticsisthatpartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers’requirements.”第二节物流是什么物流是供应链管理的一部分，它以满足顾客需求为目标，对从起始点到消费点的产品、服务以及相关信息的正向、逆向流动和存储进行有效率的、有效果的计划、实施和控制。SummaryofSection2Whatisl29SummaryofSection2Now,canyoutellmewhatlogisticsis?Writedownyouranswerandexplain.第二节物流是什么SummaryofSection2Now,can30Section3TheIncreasedImportanceofLogistics物流日益增长的重要性第三节物流日益增长的重要性Section3TheIncreasedImportaTheIncreasedImportanceofLogisticsWhylogisticsbecamemoreandmoreimportant?第三节物流日益增长的重要性TheIncreasedImportanceofLo32TheIncreasedImportanceofLogisticsAReductioninEconomicRegulationGlobalizationofTradeTheGrowingPowerofRetailersTechnologicalAdvancesChangesinConsumerBehaviorKeyreasons第三节物流日益增长的重要性重要原因：经济管制的放松、消费者行为的改变、技术进步、零售商权力的增大、贸易的全球化TheIncreasedImportanceofLo331AReductioninEconomicRegulation

第三节物流日益增长的重要性Allowedindividualcarriersflexibilityinpricingandservice允许承运人弹性定价和服务放松对承运人的行政控制Relaxedgovernmentcontrolofcarriers’ratesandfares,entryandexit,mergersandacquisitions,andmore1AReductioninEconomicRegu341AReductioninEconomicRegulationProvidedcompanieswiththeabilitytoimplementthetailoredlogisticsapproach.Allowedlargebuyersoftransportationservicestoreducetheirtransportationcostsbyleveraginglargeamountsoffreightwithalimitednumberofcarriers.第三节物流日益增长的重要性允许承运人弹性定价和服务，一方面让企业能够实施剪裁式物流，另一方面允许大型的运输服务购买者在有限的几个承运人之间平衡运费。1AReductioninEconomicRegu352ChangesinConsumerBehaviorChangesinConsumerBehaviormarketdemassificationchangingfamilyrolesrisingcustomerexpectationsSuchchangeshaveimportantlogisticalimplications.第三节物流日益增长的重要性市场细分化、不断改变的家庭角色、不断增加的顾客期望等顾客行为的变化具有重要的物流意义2ChangesinConsumerBehavior363TechnologicalAdvancesHavehadprofoundinfluencesforbusinessmanagementandlogistics：第三节物流日益增长的重要性TechnologicalAdvancesofComputerhardware,softwareandcapacityfacilitatelogisticalactivities.Internetisapowerfultoolforimprovinglogisticaleffectivenessandefficiency.3TechnologicalAdvancesHaveh374TheGrowingPowerofRetailers第三节物流日益增长的重要性Powerretailersoftenwieldgreaterpowerthanthecompaniesthatsupplythem.Manypowerretailersrecognizesuperiorlogisticsasanessentialcomponentoftheircorporatestrategies.Wouldyoulistsomecompanieswhoispowerretailer?4TheGrowingPowerofRetaile38ThinkaboutWhoispowerretailer?Wal-MartCarrefourRT-MARTAMcDonald's第三节物流日益增长的重要性ThinkaboutWhoispowerretail395GlobalizationofTradeInternationallogisticsismuchmorechallengingandcostlythandomesticlogistics.Why?第三节物流日益增长的重要性5GlobalizationofTradeIntern40SummaryofSection3Keyreasonsfortheincreasedimportanceoflogistics1AReductioninEconomicRegulation2ChangesinConsumerBehavior3TechnologicalAdvances4TheGrowingPowerofRetailers5GlobalizationofTrade第三节物流日益增长的重要性物流越来越重要的主要原因：经济管制的放松、消费者行为的改变、技术进步、零售商权力的增大、贸易的全球化SummaryofSection3Keyreaso41SummaryofSection3Now,wouldyouexplainwhylogisticsbecamemoreandmoreimportant?Discussyouropinionswithyourclassmates.第三节物流日益增长的重要性SummaryofSection3Now,woul42Section4TheSystemsandTotalCostApproachestoLogistics物流的系统方法和总成本方法第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法Section4TheSystemsandTotalTheSystemsandTotalCostApproachestoLogistics1SystemsApproachindicatesthatacompany’sobjectivescanberealizedbyrecognizingthemutualinterdependenceofthemajorfunctionalareasofthefirm.第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法MajorfunctionsofafirmMarketingProductionFinanceLogisticsTheSystemsandTotalCostApp441SystemsApproachGoalsofafirmMarketinggoalsProductiongoalsFinancegoalsLogisticsgoals第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法interdependence各职能目标与总目标，各职能目标之间及内部均会互相作用1SystemsApproachGoalsMarketi451SystemsApproachExample:SatisfyingcustomerneedsandwantsthenumberofStock-keepingunits(SKUs)第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法满足顾客需求最小存货单位数量1SystemsApproachExample:Sat461SystemsApproach第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法LogisticsInboundlogisticsMaterialsmanagementPhysicaldistributionmaterialsintoafirmMaterialsandcomponentswithinafirmFinishedproducttocustomerMovementandstorage物流包括内向物流、物料管理、分销配送1SystemsApproach第四节物流的系统方法和472TotalCostApproach总成本方法第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法Builtonthepremisethatallrelevantactivitiesinmovingandstoringproductsshouldbeconsideredasawhole.TheuseofthisapproachrequiresanunderstandingofCosttrade-offs总成本方法的前提是所有与移动和存储产品相关的活动应该被看作是一个整体。该方法的使用需理解成本权衡的概念。2TotalCostApproach总成本方法第四节482TotalCostApproach总成本方法Costtrade-offs:changestooneactivitycausesomecoststoincreaseandotherstodecrease第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法成本权衡是指一个物流活动的变化会导致一些成本的增加，而另一些成本的减少。2TotalCostApproach总成本方法Cost492TotalCostApproach总成本方法第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法Thekeytothetotalcostapproachisthatallrelevantcostitemsareconsideredsimultaneouslywhenmakingadecision.Theobjectiveistofindtheapproachwiththelowesttotalcostthesupportsanorganization’scustomerservicerequirement.总成本方法的关键是在制定决策时，同时考虑所有相关成本项目，目的是以最低的总成本找到支持公司的顾客服务要求的方法。2TotalCostApproach总成本方法第四节50SummaryofSection4UnderstandTheSystemsandTotalCostApproachestoLogisticsSystemsApproach系统方法TotalCostApproach总成本方法Costtrade-offs成本权衡第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法SummaryofSection4Understan51SummaryofSection4Now,haveyouunderstandSystemsApproachandTotalCostApproachinlogistics?Trytoexpressyourunderstanding.第四节物流的系统方法和总成本方法SummaryofSection4Now,have52Section5LogisticalRelationshipswithintheFirm公司内部的物流关系第五节公司内部的物流关系Section5LogisticalRelationshDoyouremember?GoalsofafirmMarketinggoalsProductiongoalsFinancegoalsLogisticsgoalsinterdependence第五节公司内部的物流关系各职能目标与总目标，各职能目标之间及内部均会互相作用。Doyouremember?GoalsMarketin54LogisticalRelationshipswithintheFirm第五节公司内部的物流关系LogisticsFinanceMarketingproductionRelationships关系LogisticalRelationshipswithi551Financelogisticaldecisionsareonlyasgoodasthequalityofcostdatawithwhichtheyareworking.第五节公司内部的物流关系logisticsinterfaceswithfinanceareaCapitalbudgetingdecisionsInventoryInventoryassetInventoryvalueInventoryfloat资金预算决策库存物流部门经常与财务部门打交道，部分原因是物流决策完全取决于财务部门处理的成本数据的质量。1Financelogisticaldecisions562Marketinglogisticsstrategiescanfacilitatecustomersatisfactionthroughreducingthecostofproducts,whichcantranslateintolowerpricesaswellasbringingabroadervarietyofchoicesclosertowherethecustomerwishestobuyorusetheproduct.第五节公司内部的物流关系物流策略可以通过降低产品成本来提高顾客满意度，即不仅提供更低的价格，而且在顾客希望购买或使用的地点将多种选择提供给顾客。2Marketinglogisticsstrategie572MarketingOutboundlogisticscanbeapositive(ornegative)marketingasset,withkeyrelationshipsbetweenoutboundlogisticsandthefourprimarycomponentsofthemarketingmix.第五节公司内部的物流关系marketingmixPlacePriceProductPromotion营销组合：地点、价格、产品、促销2MarketingOutboundlogistics58MarketingmixPlaceDecisions第五节公司内部的物流关系Fromlogisticsperspective:

Frommarketingperspective:

reachingcustomersThemosteffectivewaytomoveandstoretheproduct物流关注产品以最有效率的方式移动和储存；市场营销关注接近顾客MarketingmixPlaceDecisions第五59MarketingmixPriceDecisionsControllogisticscostsespeciallytransportationcostsbyusingpricingmethods.第五节公司内部的物流关系MostcommonpricingmethodsFOBoriginpricingsystemsFOBdestinationpricingsystems最常见的两种定价方法：装运港船上交货定价系统和目的港船上交货定价系统MarketingmixPriceDecisions第五60FOBoriginpricingsystemsFOBoriginpricedoesnotincludeanytransportationcostsThepurchaserisresponsiblefortheselectionofthetransportationmode(s)andcarrier(s)EasyforthesellertoadministerSelleryieldssamenetfromeachsale.DifficulttoadoptuniformretailpricesLandedcostsaredifferent装运港船上交货定价系统的报价中不包括任何运输成本。买方负责选择运输方式和承运人。优点是卖方容易管理，而且每笔销售获得相同收益。缺点是：由于抵岸成本不同，难以制定统一的零售价格。FOBoriginpricingsystemsFOB61FOBdestinationpricingsystemsFOBdestinationpriceincludesboththepriceoftheproductandthetransportationcostThesellerhastheprerogativetoselecttransportationmode(s)andcarrier(s)Eachpurchaserendsupwiththesamelandedcost.目的港船上交货定价系统的报价中同时包括产品价格和运输成本。卖方负责选择运输方式和承运人。买方的抵岸成本相同。FOBdestinationpricingsystem62FOBdestinationpricingsystemsPhantomfreight:buyerslocatedcloserthanaveragepaymorethantheirshareoffreightcharges.Freightabsorption:buyerslocatedfurtherthanaveragepaylowerfreightchargesthanthesellerincursinshipping虚假运费是指比平均距离短的买方支付了比其应付运费更多的费用。运费吸收是指比平均距离更远的买方实际支付的费用低于卖方的运送费用。FOBdestinationpricingsystem63FOBdestinationpricingsystemsAdvantages:EnablesacompanytoexpandthegeographicareaEasiertoapplyauniformretailpriceThesellercontrolsthelogisticsnetwork目的港FOB的优点，扩展了产品销售的地理范围，易于实行统一的零售价，卖方控制物流网络。FOBdestinationpricingsystem64FOBdestinationpricingsystemsDrawbacks:Thevariousdistributionactivitiesandthetrade-offsamongthemcannotbeunderstandinashortperiodoftimeThebuyerswholocatedclosertothesellersubsidizethetransportationcostofthefurtherones.目的港FOB的缺点：认识不同配送活动和它们之间的权衡不是短时间内可以实现的，离卖方较近的公司补贴了那些离卖方较远公司的运费。FOBdestinationpricingsystem65MarketingmixProductDecisions第五节公司内部的物流关系NumberofproductofferingsAmountofparticularSKUstoholdProductdesignHowdotheyinterfaceproductdecisionsbetweenmarketingandlogistics?MarketingmixProductDecisions66MarketingmixPromotionDecisionsRequireclosecoordinationbetweenmarketingandlogistics.AvailabilityofhighlyadvertisedproductsHavinganewproductinplaceonthescheduledreleasedate–notearlier,notlater.第五节公司内部的物流关系许多促销决策需要营销与物流的紧密协调。比如：大力宣传的产品的可获得性，新产品按计划日期（不提前，不推迟）供货。MarketingmixPromotionDecisio673ProductionThemostcommoninterfacebetweenproductionandlogisticsinvolves:ThelengthofproductionrunsPostponement第五节公司内部的物流关系生产过程的长短生产延迟productionrunsPostponementlongshortlatesttimeatplantproductionlogistics3ProductionThemostcommonin68SummaryofSection5LogisticalRelationshipswithintheFirm1Finance2MarketingMarketingmix3Production第五节公司内部的物流关系SummaryofSection5Logistica69SummaryofSection5Now,haveyouunderstandthelogisticsrelationshipswithfinance,marketingandproduction?Trytoexpressyourunderstanding.第五节公司内部的物流关系SummaryofSection5Now,have70Section6MarketingChannels营销渠道第六节营销渠道Section6MarketingChannels第六节MarketingChannels“setsofinterdependentorganizationsinvolvedintheprocessofmakingaproductorserviceavailableforuseorconsumption.”第六节营销渠道营销渠道可以看做是相互依赖的组织的集合。这些组织共同参与使得产品或服务可供消费者使用的流程。MarketingChannels“setsofint72MarketingChannelsMembersofMarketingChannelsManufacturersWholesalersRetailersChannelIntermediaries第六节营销渠道营销渠道成员主要有：制造商、批发商、零售商和渠道中介MarketingChannelsMembersofM73MarketingChannelsMarketingChannelsOwnershipchannelNegotiationschannelFinancingchannelPromotionschannelLogisticschannel第六节营销渠道营销渠道包括：所有权渠道，协商渠道，财务渠道，促销渠道和物流渠道。MarketingChannelsMarketingCh74MarketingChannelsOwnershipchannelAssumesownershipandassociatedrisksoftheinventoryofgoodsNegotiationschannelBuyandsellagreementsarereachedFinancingchannelPaymentsforgoodsPromotionschannelPromotinganeworexistingproductLogisticschannelMovingandstoringproductthroughoutthechannel第六节营销渠道各个渠道的功能MarketingChannelsOwnershipch75ChannelIntermediaries/FacilitatorsOwnershipchannelBanks,publicwarehousesNegotiationschannelBrokersFinancingchannelBanks,insurancecompaniesPromotionschannelAdvertisingagencies,publicrelationsagenciesLogisticschannelFreightforwarders各个渠道中的渠道中介第六节营销渠道ChannelIntermediaries/Facili76SummaryofSection6DefinitionofMarketingChannelsMembersofMarketingChannelsMarketingChannelsinclude:Ownershipchannel,Negotiationschannel,Financingchannel,Promotionschannel,LogisticschannelChannelIntermediaries/Facilitators第六节营销渠道SummaryofSection6Definitio77SummaryofSection6Now,howmuchdoyouknowaboutmarketingchannels?Listthemembersofaparticularmarketingchannel,andintroduceitsfunctions.第六节营销渠道SummaryofSection6Now,how78Section7ActivitiesintheLogisticalChannel物流渠道中的活动第七节物流渠道中的活动Section7ActivitiesintheLogActivitiesintheLogisticalChannel第七节物流渠道中的活动CustomerserviceDemandforecastingFacilitylocationdecisionsIndustrialpackagingInventorymanagementMaterialshandlingOrdermanagementPartsandservicesupportProductionschedulingProcurementReturnedproductsSalvageandscrapdisposalTransportationmanagementWarehousingmanagementActivitiesintheLogisticalC80ActivitiesintheLogisticalChannel第七节物流渠道中的活动Customerservice顾客服务Demandforecasting需求预测Facilitylocationdecisions设施选址决策Industrialpackaging工业包装Inventorymanagement库存管理Materialshandling物料搬运Ordermanagement订单管理Partsandservicesupport零配件和服务支持Productionscheduling生产作业计划Procurement采购Returnedproducts退货Salvageandscrapdisposal残料和废料处理Transportationmanagement运输管理Warehousingmanagement仓储管理ActivitiesintheLogisticalC81Section8LogisticsCareers物流职业第八节物流职业Section8LogisticsCareers第八节LogisticsCareersAsageneralist,thelogisticianMustunderstandthefunctionalrelationships,bothwithinandoutsidethefirmAsaspecialist,thelogisticianMustunderstandtherelationshipsbetweenvariouslogisticsactivitiesmusthavetechnicalknowledgeofthevariouslogisticsactivities第八节物流职业物流师既是通才又是专才LogisticsCareersAsageneral83LogisticsCareersLogistics-relatedjobs:LogisticsanalystConsultantCustomerservicemanagerLogisticsengineerPurchasingmanagerTransportationmanagerWarehouseoperationsmanager第八节物流职业与物流相关的工作LogisticsCareersLogistics-rel84Doyouknowwhotheyare?第八节物流职业Right:LeeScott,CEOofWal-Martfrom2000to2009Left:MikeDuke,CEOofWal-Martsince2009Theybothbegancareersinthelogisticsarea.Doyouknowwhotheyare?第八节85SummaryofChapter1ThedefinitionpromulgatedbyCSCMPTheeconomicimpactsoflogisticsReasonsfortheincreasedimportanceoflogisticssince1980.SystemsandtotalcostapproachestologisticsLogisticsrelationshipswithinafirmVariousinterfacesbetweenmarketingandlogisticsAbriefdescriptionofanumberoflogisticsactivitiesAbrieflookatlogisticscareers第一章小结SummaryofChapter1Thedefini86KeyTermsChannelintermediaries渠道中介Cashflow现金流Co-branding联合品牌Costtrade-offs成本权衡Economicutility经济效用FIFO先进先出FOBoriginpricingsystems装运港船上交货定价FOBdestinationpricingsystems目的港船上交货定价第一章重要术语KeyTermsChannelintermediarie87KeyTermsFormutility形式效用Freightabsorption费用吸收Inventoryfloat库存浮动Inventoryturnover库存周转Landedcosts抵岸成本LIFO后进先出long-termfinancing长期筹资Marketingchannel营销渠道Phantomfreight虚假运费Placeutility地点效用第一章重要术语KeyTermsFormutility形式效用第一章88KeyTermsPossessionutility拥有效用postponement延迟Reverselogistics逆向物流Short-termfinancing短期筹资Supplychain供应链Stock-keepingunits(SKUs)最小存货单位Stockouts缺货Systemsapproach系统方法Timeutility时间效用Totalcostapproach总成本方法第一章重要术语KeyTermsPossessionutility拥有89QuestionsforDiscussionandReview1.Diditsurpriseyouthatlogisticscanbesuchanimportantcomponentinacountry’seconomicsystem?Whyorwhynot?2.Howdoeslogisticscontributetotimeandplaceutility?3.Howcanaparticularlogisticssystembeeffectivebutnotefficient?4.Explainthesignificanceofthefactthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.5.Discussthreereasonsforwhylogisticshasbecomemoreimportantsince1980.第一章讨论和复习题QuestionsforDiscussionandR90QuestionsforDiscussionandReview6.Whichreasonfortheincreasedimportanceoflogisticsdoyoubelieveismostimportant?Why?7.Whatisthesystemsapproachtoproblemsolving?Howisthisconceptapplicabletologisticsmanagement?8.Brieflydiscusseachofthefourbasicaspectsofthemarketingmixandhoweachinterfaceswiththelogisticsfunction.Inyouropinion,whichcomponentofthemarketingmixrepresentsthemostimportantinterfacewithlogistics?Why?9.Brieflydiscusstheownership,negotiations,financing,promotion,andlogisticschannel.第一章讨论和复习题QuestionsforDiscussionandR91THEENDOFCHAPTER1ThanksforYourCooperationTHEENDOFCHAPTER1ThanksforCHAPTER1LogisticsandtheSupplyChain物流与供应链管理第一章物流与供应链管理CHAPTER1LogisticsandtheSupHowmuchdoyouknowaboutLogisticsandtheSupplyChain？HowmuchdoyouknowaboutLog94CONTENTSOFCHAPTER1Section1EconomicImpactsofLogisticsSection2Logistics:WhatItIsSection3TheIncreasedImportanceofLogisticsSection4TheSystemsandTotalCostApproachestoLogisticsSection5LogisticalRelationshipswithintheFirmSection6MarketingChannelsSection7ActivitiesintheLogisticalChannelSection8LogisticsCareersSummaryKeyTermsQuestionsforDiscussionandReview第一章目录第一章目录第一节物流对经济的影响第二节物流是什么第三节物流日益增长的重要性第四节物流系统方法和总成本方法第五节公司内部的物流关系第六节营销渠道第七节物流渠道中的活动第八节物流职业本章小结重要术语、讨论和复习题CONTENTSOFCHAPTER1Section195LearningObjectives1Tolearnthedefinitionoflogistics2Tounderstandtheeconomicimportanceoflogistics3Tolearnofrecenteventsandtheirinfluencesonlogisticspractices4Togainanunderstandingoflogisticspracticeswithinafirm5Tolearndifferentpricingpolicies6Toknowaboutlogisticscareers本章学习目标第一章学习目标1理解物流的定义2理解物流的经济重要性3了解最新事件及它们对物流实践的影响4理解公司内的物流实践5了解不同的定价策略6了解物流职业LearningObjectives1Tolearn96Section1EconomicImpactsofLogistics物流对经济的影响第一节物流对经济的影响Section1EconomicImpactsofLLookatthispicture,whatdoyouthinkabouttheeconomicimpactsoflogistics?Lookatthispicture,whatdo98EconomicImpactsofLogisticsMacroeconomicImpacts:

MicroeconomicImpacts:

Animportantcomponentinanycountry’seconomyPlayanimportantroleinanation’seconomicgrowthanddevelopment第一节物流对经济的影响CanaffectindividualconsumerssuchasyouEconomicImpactsofLogisticsM99EconomicImpactsofLogisticsMicroeconomicImpactsofindividualcanbeillustratedthroughtheconceptofeconomicutility.Economicutilityisthevalueorusefulnessofaproductinfulfillingcustomerneedsorwants.第一节物流对经济的影响物流对微观经济中个体的影响可以用经济效用的概念加以解释。EconomicImpactsofLogisticsM100EconomicUtilityEconomicUtilityPossessionUtilityFormUtilityPlaceUtilityTimeUtility拥有效用形式效用地点效用时间效用第一节物流对经济的影响EconomicUtilityEconomicPosses101PossessionUtilityThevalueorusefulnessthatcomesfromacustomerbeingabletotakepossessionofaproduct.Youtakepossessionofthefarmbyleasing,butyoudonothavetherightofownership.第一节物流对经济的影响PossessionUtilityThevalueor102FormUtilityAproductisbeinginaformthat(1)canbeusedbythecustomerand(2)isofvaluetothecustomer第一节物流对经济的影响Youneedonlyacupofmilk,buttheshoponlysalesmorethantenboxesoncetime.Doesthemilkintherightformforyou?FormUtilityAproductisbeing103PlaceUtilityHavingproductsavailablewheret