高中伴随状语解析

伴随状语定义1•伴随就是陪衬，可有可无，若去掉后，也是完整的句子。状语可修饰动词（初中）；状语也可修饰句子（高中）3•伴随状语还可表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步和方式分词分词现在分词ChattingwithTom,Ihadalotoffuninthepub.(原因)Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.(原因)Helayonthegrass,lookingintothesky.(伴随)Walkingalongthestreet,Iranacrossmyoldfriend.(时间)现在分词做状语：1）现在分词与句子主语之间构成■关系2）现在分词可在句子中充当时间、原因、条件、伴随等状语3）现在分词做状语，可在前面加上when,if,unless,although等连词，使句义更明确。amcacross(When)Walkinginthestrectj(l)camcacrossanoldfriendofmine,j时间i■■■■■BNotknowinghisaddress,^ljcanftwritet(ihinii原因:(If)Usingvourhead,willfindaway.辭…Laughingandtaiking^hej>wcntintotheclassroom.隔葫(Though)workingfrommorningtillnight,<^ig^fa1jhivp)didn'tgetenoughmoney.I工昜Walkinginthestreet,Ienmeacrossunoldfriendnfmine.=When1waswalking•一Notknowinghisaddress,1can7twritetohim”=BecauseIdon*tknowhisaddress^1Usingyourhead・youwillfindaway,=Ifyouu£eyourhead,you・・.wBF止ntWorkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidi/tgetenoughmoney,=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrom…、he…Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV1=HesatonthesofaandwatchedTV.

Question1:句子的主语谓语伴随状语从句中的现在分词与本句主语的关系表时间:Walkingdownthestreet,IrantoSue.Climbingtothetopthemountain,wesawamagnificentview.*特别强调同时发生，可用上when/whileWhile(when)flyingovertheEnglishChannel,thepilotsawtheAtlanticOcean.表原因，可放句首或句末：Beingsick,Istayedathome.Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.表让步:Althoughknowingallthis,theystillmademepayforthedamage.表结果:Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoor.表方式:Hestood,leaningagainstthewall.(伴随)Question2:以上都是同时发生或时间相隔很短发生的动作，那么如何表示相隔时间较长的前后两种动作呢*用现在分词的完成时态表示时间前后或因果关系，某种动作发生在真正的谓语动作之前。Havingnoteddownournamesandaddress,thepolicemandismissedus.以上doing与havingdone皆属于现在分词伴随状语的主动语态，是因为主句的主语也是伴随状语的主语.Question3:那如果主语与动词间的被动关系呢过去分词Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheedached.AskedwhathadhappenhekeptsflenLAskedwhathadhappenhekeptsflenLGivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Leftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn'tfeciafraidatall.lheteacherenteredtheclassniom,followedbysomestudents^门Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached,原因=Becauscmyhendwashitbyitached.Askedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.时间=Whenhewasaskedwhathokeptsilent.Givenmoretimc^wcwouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.条件=Ifweweregiveninorctiine^wewouldLeftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn'tfeelafraidatall.il：步

Th亡teacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.伴随=1heteacherenteredtheclassroom,andliewasfollowedhy…Summary1:ii去分词(短语)做状语，过去分词与句子主语C之间构成一被动关系*找出下列句子的主语：Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Bittenbyasnake,hewastakentohospital因).Thoughdefeated,hedidn'tlose让步a*rt.(某些过去分词作状语表状态，常见的有：lost迷路，丢失lostindeepthought陷入深某些过去分词作状语表状态，常见的有：lost迷路，丢失lostindeepthought陷入深思absorbedin专心于dressedin穿着…tiredof厌倦于…worriedabout担心…basedor基于/建立在…的基础上陷入沉思中，他并没有听到那个声音。Tir^dofthElongspeech*hestartedtoreadanovel.庆倦了那个冗长的演讲，他开始读起小说来。Dr电inwh汁e,thegirllookedlikeanangcLSummary2:it去分词（短语Summary2:it去分词（短语）可在句子中做时间、原因.条件.让步、伴随等状语，相当状语从句或是一个并列句（伴Summary3:过去分词作状语，有时可以在其前边加上when,while,if,uniess,although,once等连词，以起到强调的作用，使句意更加明确。(When)Askedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.(If)Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodoitbetter.(Although)Leftaloneathome,thelittleboydidntfeelafraidatall.二、with结构with作伴随状语，或说明造成某一局面的原因。至于是用现在分词，还是过去分词得看与主句主语的关系是被动或主动。withtimepassingby随着时间的流逝Hesatonthechairwithhiseyesclosed.他坐在椅子上，眼睛闭着.with的复合结构可以分以下几种：with+名词+形容词/副词：表处于一种状态.Heoftensleepswithwindowsopen他经常开着窗户睡觉.Thereisatemplewithnotablein.with+名词+介词短语.Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookunderhisarm.with+名词+现在分词.这种结构表动作的主动和正在进行.Theoldwomanleftherhousewithwaterrunning.with+名词+过去分词,这种结构表被动和已完成.Thethiefwastakentothepolicestationwithhishandstiedtohisback.with+名词+不定式,这种结构表动作的将来式.Themanagerhasbeenbusythesedayswithalotofworktodo.三、独立主格结构的讲析1.概念：有时一个名词/代词+一个其他结构，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句或并列句，人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构。2.独立主格的结构1）名词／代词+doingRiverrising,theyhadtoleftforsafety.2）名词／代词+todoMuchworktodo,theyhadtoworkforextrahours.3）名词／代词+doneAlltheworkdone,theywentforlunch.4）名词／代词+adj.／adv.Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.Hewaslyinginbed,lighton.5）名词／代词+介宾短语Hewalkedin,caneinhand.在这种结构中，名词／代词在逻辑上是后一部分的主语，这种结构在句子中只能作状语。注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with，构成with+复合宾语结构。如：Withtheproblemsettled,thecomputerrestarted.Youshouldnotspeaktootherswithyourmouthfulloffood.Heleftthebathroom,withthewaterrunning.四、形容词短语做伴随状语：形容词短语做伴随状语时，通常表状态。例如：1．Fullofapologies，themanagerapproachedus．经理向我们走来，嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话。2．Hewastooexcited，unabletosayaword．他太激动了，一句话也说不出来。3．Hestaredatthefootprint，fulloffear．他盯着脚印，满心恐惧。单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态，不表动作。例如：1.Hesatthere,silent.他一声不响地坐在那儿。2．Breathless，sherushedinthroughthebackdoor．穿过后门，他气喘吁吁地冲了进来。Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。Confidentofthevictory,theplayersarefightinghard.运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心，奋力拼搏。Question4:什么时候可以省略怎么省略在含有状语从句的复合句中，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。一、在含有状语从句的复合句中zLwhen?whilesa為once?whenever引导的时间状语从句；2.if,unless引导的条件状语从句；彳3』hough,although；evenif,eventhough引导的让步状语从句；4.asthoughtasif,as引导的方式状语从句；I5.wherever引导的地点状语从句若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和WhetVWhikinBejpng（在北京的时候），1paidavisittotheSummerPalace.Whrn/Asqyoungnmn（当是个年轻人的时候人AbrahamLincolnwasastorekeeperandapostmaster.Hehasnomoney,[fany（要是有的话人hewillyiveus.4Unle丽repaired（衿非修理）,themachineisofnouse-Ifmo冀attritionto（要是给更多的关注hThebovcouldhaveturnedoutbetter.*AgirlstoodatthegateoftheschoolasiftMldn目with丹tfachb（跟老师讲话）•伴随状语出现的条件由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法：一、使用分词形式Thedogenteredtheroom,followinghismaster（这条狗跟着主人进了屋）。Themasterenteredtheroom,followedbyhisdog（主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗）。二、用with复合结构Thelittlegirlswereplayingwithsnowwiththeirhandsfrozenred（小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了）。Theworkerswentoutofwork,talkingandlaughingalltheway（工人们下班了，一路有说有笑）。三、用独立主格结构LastyearIcameherebyclimbingoverthewall,swordinhand.Thelittleboygoestoschool,thelittledogaccompanyingh