英语真题含有二真题1986年-2009统一卷

2008年入学统一考试英语试Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDANSWERSHEET1.(10Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreinligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis大1家tosayitanyway.He 大2家bird,ascientistwhoworks 大3 anyinstitution.Hepopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot大4家thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.大5家he,however,mighttrembleatthe大6家ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetheranothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly大7家thatonegroupofhumanityismoreinligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin大8家areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,大9家12-15pointsabovethe大10家valueof100,andhavecontributed大11家totheinlectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe大12家oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,大13.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,大14,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen大15家tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof大16家education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)大17家ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheinligenceanddiseasesareintimay大18.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas大19家themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis大20家stateofaffairs.[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]la[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B]disproportiona[C]indefini [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]given [B]got [C]carried [D]put[A] [B] [C]administering[D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] patible[C] [D]Section ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelodepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthatthey ewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysical.Thekindsof althatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunay,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecowithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoWomenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletoWomenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbyWomenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincowithMenandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithDr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatneedextradosesofchemicalstohandlehavelimitedcapacityfortoleratingaremorecapableofavoidingareexposedtomoreAccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstodomesticandirregularanddurableandtrivialandThesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line6,Para.5)showsAlvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingAlvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdAlvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentAlvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbyWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheStrainofStress:NoWayResponsestoStress:GenderStressysis:WhatChemicalsGenderInequality:WonderItusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.Nolonger.TheInternet–andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit–ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofTechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsiicensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorthebackgroundinformationofjournalthepublicationroutineoflaboratorytherelationsofauthorswithjournalthetraditionalprocessofjournalWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDIt ernment-fundedItintroducesaneffectivemeansofItupsetsprofit-makingjournalItbenefitsscientificresearchAccordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinitprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificitbringshugeprofitstoscientificitemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificitfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificWiththeopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredcoverthecostofitssubscribetothejournalpublishingallowotheronlinejournalstouseitcompletethepeer-reviewbeforeWhichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheTheInternetisposingathreattoAnewmodeofpublicationis ethenewchannelforPublicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineIntheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today’speople–especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller.“Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,”saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondof20,demandscaloriesandnutrients–notably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,oage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight–5′9″formen,5′4″forwomen–hasn’treallychangedsince1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthc.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.“Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbyteticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,”saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.Geneticumscanchange,butdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,“youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.”WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleillustratethechangeofheightofNBAshowthepopularityofNBAplayersinthecomparedifferentgenerationsofNBAassesstheachievementsoffamousNBAWhichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtotheGeneticNaturalLivingDailyOnwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyNon-AmericansaddtotheaverageheightoftheHumanheightisconditionedbytheuprightAmericansarethetallest ageintheLargerbabiestend etallerinWelearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearthegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformthedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremaingenetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingtheexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeThetextintendstolusthechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclichumanheight ingevenmoreAmericanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthteticpatternofAmericanshasIn1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecameoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw–havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-chopGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong–andyetmostdidlittletofightit.Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivayexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas“likehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryintheialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates.Still,JeffersonfreedHemings’schildren–thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximay150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedshowtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthedemonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisstresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.revealsomeunknownaspectofhisWemayinferfromthesecondparagraphDNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryinitsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatehistoriansdeliberaymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson’spoliticalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasHispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsHisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildHisattitudetowardsslaverywasHisaffairwithaslavestainedhisWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheSomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromSlavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttoSlaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsSlaverywasregardedasapeculiarWashington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfrommoralmilitaryfinancialpoliticalPartBInthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingyourdesk,andngalmostanythingelseinsteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepageonlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsit,standup,orliedowntowrite.(41)是大家网Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenext,butdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccurstoyounow,workitintothedraft.是大家网Grammar,punctuation,andspellingcanwaituntilyourevise.onwhatyouaresaying.Goodwritingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthaninanervoussearchforerrors.是大家网Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatway,and,ifyouhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceisewhere,youwillnotloseanywritingontheotherside.Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessor,youcantakeadvantageofitscapacitytomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjustafewsimplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscsocheckspellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyourwriting.(44)是大家网Theseprintoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions.Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaper,youcandeletematerialthatisunrelatedtoyourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaperconvincing.Thestudentwhowrote“TheA&PasaStateofMind”wiselydroppedaparagraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestowardwomen.(45)是大家网Rememberthatyourinitialdraftisonlythat.Youshouldgothroughthepapermanytimes–andthenagain–workingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas.Youmayevenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite.Thesentenceswithineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnectoneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts.Awkwardorwordyphrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedandproddedintoshape.Tomakerevisingeasier,leavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinessothatyoueasilyaddwords,sentences,andcorrections.WriteononlyonesideoftheAfteryouhaveclearlyandadequaydevelopedthebodyofyourpaper,payparticularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.It’sprobablybesttowritetheintroductionlast,afteryouknowpreciselywhatyouareintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleavethereaderwithafinalimpression.It’sworthremembering,however,thatthoughacleancopyfreshoffaprintermaylookterrific,itwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwritingthathavegoneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksandprinttheirpageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseofpowerfailuresorotherproblems.Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwrite,justsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhavedevelopedatopicintoatentativethesis,youcanassembleyournotesandbegintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhaveAlthoughthisisaninterestingissue,ithasnothingtodowiththethesis,whichexplainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy’sdecisiontoquithisjob.Insteadofincludingthatparagraph,sheaddedonethatdescribedLengel’scrabbedresponsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheA&P“policy”heenforces.Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettingin“A&P,”thestudentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohisrefusaltoacceptLengel’sstoreByusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosay,youwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyofgoodwritersdon’tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesastheywrite.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisinlectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,but(46)hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.Hediedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwit,suchasdistinguishedHuxley.(47)Heasserted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurely trainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemory,too,hedescribedasextensive,buthazy.Sopoorinonesensewasitthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.(48)Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerofreasoning.This,hethought,couldnotbetrue,becausethe“OriginofSpecies”isonelongargumentfromthebeginningto,andhasconvincedmanyablemen.Noone,hesubmits,couldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.Hewaswillingtoassertthat“Ihaveafairshareofinvention,andofcommonsenseorjudgment,suchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthave,butnot,Ibelieve,inanyhigherdegree.”(49)Headdshumblythatperhapshewas“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully.”Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedinentyorthirtyyears.Uptoofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.Formerly,too,pictureshadgivenhimconsiderable,andmusicverygreat,delight.In1881,however,hesaid:“NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic.”(50)Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.SectionIIIPartYouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.Writehimalettertomakeanapology,suggestaYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETDonotsignyourownname oftheletter.Use“LiMing”Donotwritetheaddress.(10PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youdescribethedrawingexplainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(2020082008招生考试英语（一）答案详SectionIUseof selectedpreparedobligedobligedpleased【答案】【考点】词义辨【难度系数】之一。但是，不管怎么样，GregoryCochran说出来”。显然，从语义上应该可以看出GregoryCochran表述这一观点是一种主动行为，从而排除A和C；而从第一句可以看出他所研究的这一课题也不应该是一个让人高兴的，故排除D。因此答案只有B。uniqueparticularspecialrare【答案】【考点】固定搭【难度系数】【解析】从文章内容看，显然该空填入的词应该是用来形容Cochran是一个什么样的人的。从上文我者对Cochran正面评价，突出其优秀性，四个词中只有D能表达这种语义，故答案为D。本题从另一个角度来说，ararebird是一固定搭配，指一类人。其他三个词与bird搭配都不能指人，同样得出答案为D。【难度系数】independently只能与选项Aof搭配，意思是“不依赖于，独立于”。原文句子意思是（他工作独立工作独立 ，故本题选A项subsequentlypresentlypreviously y【答案】【考点】逻辑搭【难度系数】C。OnlySoEvenHence【答案】【考点】逻辑搭【难度系数】【解析】上文提到Cochran使一种观点广为人知，本句however 的递进，四个选项中，C能表达这一含义，故答案为C[A[Aatthe)thought (atthesightof)(atthecostof)(attheriskof)【难度系数】。C和Dadvisessuggestsss[D]【答案】【考点】词义辨【难度系数】【解析】空所在的句意为：他了一篇，不仅一群人比另一群人智商高，还解释了导致这因此也不合适；因此答案为B。(in)progress(in)fact(in)need在危难(急)(in)question【答案】【考点】固定搭【难度系数】体，是一个发源于中欧的特殊民族。从含义上看，A和C明显不合文意。而infact是副词性的词组，放在be动词之后，排除掉B项。D代入文中，“正在讨论的这个群”，与前面提到这个观点还在争议中刚好吻合。故答案为D。attainingscoringreachingcalculating【难度系数】B。normalcommonmeantotal【答案】【考点】词义辨【难度系数】【解析】912-15分，能够表达普通人的得分当然只能用平均值，C符合此意，故为正确答案。unconsciouslydisproportionay不成比例indefiniy不确定地，无期限unaccountably【难度系数】B。missionsfortunes，运interestscareers【难度系数】D。affirmwitnessobserveapprove【答案】【考点】词义辨【难度系数】moreoverthereforehowevermeanwhile【难度系数】系，后句谈到没联系，这是一种转折关系，故答案为C。givenup(to)gotover(to)carriedonputdown(to)【答案】【考点】词汇搭【难度系数】【解析】空所在的语境是：前者（高智商）被为社会影响。从句后的effect我们可以判断这是对前者产生原因的说明，四个选项，只有D项表达这种含义，故答案为D。assessingsupervisingadministeringvaluing【答案】【考点】词义辨【难度系数】【【解析】空所在句子的内容显然是对前面谈到的社会效果的具体举例， 功于对教育的重视，四个选项中，只有D能表达这一含义，故正确答案为Ddevelopmentorigin，起consequenceinstrument【答案】【考点】词义辨【难度系数】【解析】从前文的theformer可以判断出，这里的thelatter显然与其是并列关系，前面谈到theformer的是产生的原因，那么这里自然也是谈到thelatter的原因，四个选项中能表达这一含义的只有C。linkedintegratedwovencombined【答案】【考点】词义辨【难度系数】【解析】空所在的句子内容把文章中前面谈到的智商和疾病结合在一起了，从上文我们应该可以判断故答案为A。limited(to)[B][B]subjected(to) (经受converted(to)directed(to)【答案】【考点】词义辨【难度系数】别的进化压力。四个选项，显然只有B填入空中能够使句意通顺，故答案为B。[A][A] 的, patible不相容的，不能并存的 inevitablecontinuous【答案】【考点】词义辨【难度系数】方面又饱受疾病的困扰，显然这是一个看似的结论，A正能表达这种状况，故答案为A。，。然而甚至是他这样一个人到自己将要做的事，心里也会发怵。他与另外两名科学家一起了一篇，其中不仅表明一个人类族群比其他族群，还解释了导致这一结果的过程，。 于中欧的某个特定民族，而这个过程是自然选择10012-15分；而且他们对西方的学术和文化生这些人不同寻常的历史致使他们承受了独特的进化压力，进而导致了这 的状态SectionIIReadingPart【答案】【考点】推理判【难度系数】， 临压力时容易患病的原因”。morevulnerabletostress和biologically分别与文中的susceptibleto depressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostress和sexhormones对应。因此A项为正确C项。B。D。【【补充】英文 名人名言(2003年text2)，类比(2005年text1，text2和年text3)，举几个典型事例(2004年text1，2007年text2)，比较(2004年text2 【答案】【考点】事实细【难度系数】【解析】Dr.Ychuda的研究从这写内容我们容易判断出答案为D。而不是说女性需要的化学物质来缓解焦虑，故排除A项；第三段第三句提到女性压力的能力或许比更好，排除B项；原文提到女性需要 压力，而不是逃避，C选项属于偷换概念， [A][A]家 的、临时[B][B]无规律的 [C[D【答案】【考点】事实细【难度系数】【【解析】文章在第四段所的 和具有偶然性的动态情况中。慢性的另一种理解为持久的，反复则对应于频繁，C项正与此对应。A项和D项都与该段不一致。B选项与第三句对应，是压力的性质，也不符合题意。24．第五段第五行的句子“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck”表明。[A][C[D【答案】【考点】推理判【难度系数】【解析】第五段是一个具体实例，从语境来看，该段通过描述阿尔瓦雷兹承受各种家庭责任来说明女要付房租等日常开支，这与B项中所指的薪水几乎不能满足日常生活开销相吻合，故正确选项为介绍，并没有介绍，并没有 联系，故排除；D项完全曲解了“paycheck”的意义，望文生义将paycheck拆pay和check而编造的选项，所以排除。[A[B][B]对压力的反应 差[C 【答案】【考点】主旨大【难度系数】【【解析】从整个文章结构来看，文章主要围绕女为了反衬女性压力，故D为正确答案。A选项概括范围过大，脱离了文章以女性为中心的讨论。B选项和C选项都只涉及到文章的一个方面，并非文章全貌。Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesame这是一个复合句。句子主干的宾语由从句构成，现在分词结构causingconditions为伴随动【译文】对动物和人类的研究表明：以某种方式影响压力反应，使雌性在承受压力时比处于同Thekindsofinteralthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,unfortunay,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shot【解析】这是一个复杂复合句，由两个并列句构成。第一个分句是一个复合句，主语部分that引导的定语从句修饰，句子主干位Thekinds…tendtobeindomesticsituations… 【译文】女员，且通常都不 的四四 catchupchronica3.diffuse3.diffusev.散布 ；扩4.dosen5.5.exposev. functionnobservevone-shotastressed-outasusceptibleawear-and-tearn.wearout尽管在现活某些方面女仍在努力追但至少在一个不太好方面女性显得遥领先据纽约退伍理医院的首医师胡说，“在面对压时，女性比更易患抑和焦虑症”。 努力努力 期编辑的背景知实验报告的流[C]作者与[C]