度全国职称外语等级考试试卷及答案4

2008年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷

英语

(理工类B级)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1Shefoundmeverydull

A.dirty

B.sleepy

C.lazy

D.boring

2ThePresidentmadeabriefvisittoBeijing

A.short

B.working

C.forma

D.secret

3Hewaspersuadedtogivetheidea.

A.mention

B.accept

C.consider

D.drop

4Jackconsumesapoundofcheeseday.

A.eats

B.drinks

C.buys

D.produces

5Maryjusttoldusaveryfascinatingstory.

A.strange

B.frightening

C.difficult

D.interesting

6It'sagorgeousdayanyway

A.lovely

B.cold

C.normal

D.rainy

7Herlifeisbecomingmorediverse

A.generous

B.humorous

C.varied

D.romantic

8Foreignmilitaryaidwasprolongingthewar

A.broadening

B.worsening

C.extending

D.accelerating

9Shewasunwillingtogobutshehadnochoice.

A.unable

B.indecisive

C.ready

D.reluctant

10Sheis.slender，withdelicatewristsandankles

A.sick

B.weak

C.slim

D.pale

11Withimmenserelief,stoppedrunning

A.some

B.enormous

C.little

D.extensive

12Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata

A.collect

B.handle

C.analyze

D.investigate

13JackeventuallyOvertookthelasttruck

A.hit

B.passed

C.reached

D.led

14Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance

A.possible

B.profitable

C.easy

D.wise

15Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle.

A.factB.mystery

C.statement

D.game

第二部分，暂无第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1。个最佳选项。

TheSupercomputerNetwork

1Recently,tenlaboratoriesrunbygovernmentsindifferentpartsoftheworldhavebecomelinked.Theircomputershavebeenconnectedsotheycan“talk”toeachother.Thismaynotseemverydramaticnews，butitisthebeginningofadevelopmentthatwillincreasethepoweroftheInternettremendously.

2Thelnternetisaninterconnected(互联)systemofnetworksthatconnectscomputersroundtheworldandfacilitatesthetransmissionandexchangeofinformation.ThewaythatyouusetheIntermitisbyaccessingthisnetwork.Thisdependsonthepowerthatyoursystemallowsyoutouse.Thepowerofyourcomputerisresponsibleforhowfastyoucandownload(下载)files，howmuchdatayoucanstore，etc.Ifyourcomputerisoldandslow，accessingtheinformationcanbeverydifficult.

3Thenewdevelopmentininformationtechnologyhasbeencalled“thegrid”(网格技术)，anditwillbeanetworkofcomputersthatarelinkedtogether.The“grid”willworkinadifferentwayfromtheIinternet.enablingyoutogetthepowerofthebiggestcomputersintheworldonyourcomputer.Accessingtheinformationwillnolongerdependonthepowerofyourcomputer.Theideaisthatwhileyouaccessinformation，youwillalsohave‘accesstothepowerofthebiggercomputerstations.

4Oneadvantageofthisrevolutionaryideaisthatgeographicallocationwillbecomeirrelevant.The“grid”willdecidewhicharethebestpartsofaworldwidenetworktodothejobyouwant.ThismeansthatyoumaybeaccessingacomputerInJapantosolveaprobleminAlaska.

5The“grid”canbecomparedtohavinganefficientpersonalassistant.Youcangaveyourassistantataskand“he”willdoitforyou.Theassistantwilldothepreliminaryresearch，collectthedata，comparethemanddecideonthebestcourseofactionbyaccessinganyofthecomputercentersinthe“grid”thathappentohavetherelevantinformation.Ailyouhavetodoisassignthetask，sitbackandwait.

6Atpresent.possibleapplicationsofthe“grid”inscientificresearcharebeingexplored.WhileithastakenaboutfifteenyearsforInternetusetobecomewidespread，expertsbelievethatthe“grid”couldbeusandrunningforprivateindividualsfarmorequickly.Scientistsworking“grid’’projectsareconvincedthatitwillbeaswidelyusedasthewebinthenexttenyears.

23Paragraph2____________

24Paragraph3____________

25Paragraph4____________

26Paragraph5____________

AHowdoesthe“grid”work?

BPowershared

CJustmakearequest

DLimitationsofpresentInternetuse

EDistanceisnotaproblem

FAnewerafortheInternet

27Traditionallythepowerofyourcomputerdetermineshowfastyoucanaccess____________

28The“grid”willenableyoutogetonyourcomputerthepowerof___________

29The“grid”wouldbelike____________whocanperformyourtasksefficiently

30Itisbelievedthatthewidespreaduseofthe“grid”willbecomepossibleinthenext__________

Athebiggercomputerstations

Btheadvantage

Ctenyears

Dinformation

Eyourpersonalassistant

Ffifteenyears第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Sunspots

It'snotsurprisingthatsunspots(太阳黑子)wereobservedbyancientastronomers(天文学家).Thelargestsoupspoonthesuncanbeseenwithoutatelescope.Itwasnotuntiltheinventionofthetelescope(望远镜)intheearly17th.century，however，thatsystematicstudiesofsunspotscouldbeundertaken.ThegreatastronomerGalileowasamongthefirsttomaketelescopicobservationsofsunspots

Sunspotsareregionsofextremelystrongmagneticfields(磁场)foundonthesun’Ssurface.Asunspothasadarkcentralcoreknownastheumbra.Theumbraissurroundedbyadarkringcalledthepenumbra，wherethemagneticfieldspreadsoutward.Sunspotsappeardarkbecausetheyaregivingofflessradiation.Theyarecoolerthantherestofthesun’SsurfaceSunspotsarefrequentlyobserved’in-'pairsofinpairedgroups.Themembersofa.spotpairareidentifiedastheleadingspotandthefollowingspot.TheyareidentifiedbytheirpositioninthepairintermsofthedirectioninWhichthesunrotates(旋转)Thenumberofsunspotsatanyonetimevaries.Alargespotgroupmayconsistofasmanyas10groupsand300spotsacrossthesun.Thenumberofspotschangesinafairlyregularpatterncalledthesunspotcycle.Thelargestnumberoccursaboutevery11years.AtsunspotminimL{m，thereareatmostjustafewsmallspotsTheaveragelifetimeofanindividualspotgroupisroughlyonesolarrotation，whichisabout25days.Themostpersistentlargeslops，howevercansurvivefortwotothreemonths.

31.Carefulobservationsandsystematicstudiesofsunspots

A.weremadebyancientastronomers.

B.startedintheearly17thcentury.

C.weremadebyGalileoonly.

D.couldbemadewithoutatelescope.

32.Sunspotsarecoolerthantherestofthesun'ssurfacebecause

A.theyproducelessenergy.

B.theyareburiedinthesun.

C.theyarefarawayfrommagneticfields.

D.theyareclosetomagneticfields.

33Theleadingspotandthefollowingspotarethenamesof

A.twolargesunspots.

B.alargespotandasmallspot.

C.thetwospotsinaspotpair.

D.thecentralcoreandtheringaroundit.

34.Infinitenesssunspotactivityhadoccurredin1857,thenextonewouldhavebeenin

A.1858.

B.1862.

C.1865

D.1868

35Inthelastparagraphtheword"persistentmeans

A.important.

B.effective.

C.enduring.

D.visible第二篇WhereHaveAlltheBeesGone?

Scientistswhostudyinsectshavearealmysteryontheirhands.Allacrossthecountry,honeybeesareleavingtheirhives(蜂巢)andneverreturning.Researcherscallthisphenomenoncolony-collapse(群体瘫痪)disorder.Itisreposedthat25to40percentofthehoneybeesintheUShavevanishedfromtheirhivessincelastfall.Sofar,noonecanexplainwhy.

Colonycollapseisaseriousconcernbecausebeesplayanimportantroleintheproductionofaboutone—thirdofthefoodsweeat.Astheyfeed，honeybeesspreadpollen(花粉)fromflowertoflower.Withoutthisprocess，aplantcan’tproduceseedsorfruits.

Now，agroupofscientistsandbeekeepershaveteameduptotrytofigureoutwhat’ScausingthealarmingcollapseofSOmanycolonies.Theyhopetofindoutwhat’Scontributingtothedeclineandtopreventbeedisappearanceinthefuture.

Itcouldbethatdiseaseiscausingthedisappearanceofthebees.Toexplorethatpossibility,JayEvans，aresearcherattheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(SDA)BeeResearchLaboratory,examinesbeestakenfromcoloniesthatarecollapsing.“WeknowwhatahealthybeeshouldLookLikeontheinside.andwecanlookforphysicalsignsofdisease.”hesays.Andbeesfromcollapsingcoloniesdon’tlookveryhealthy.“Theirstomachsarewornparedtothestomachsofhealthybees，”‘Evanssays.Itmaybethataparasite(寄生虫)makingthebees’digestiveorgans.Theirimmune(免疫的)systemsmaynotbeworkingastheyshould.Moreover，theyhavehighlevelsofbacteriainsidetheirbodies.

Anothercauseofcolony—collapsedisordermaybecertainchemicalsthatfarmersapplytokillunwantedinsectsoncrops，saysJerryHayes，chiefbeeinspectorfortheFloridaDepartmentofAgriculture.Somestudies，hesays，suggestthatacertaintypeofinsecticide(杀虫剂)affectsthehoneybee’Snewelssystemandmemory.“Itseemslikehoneybeesaregoingoutandgettingconfusedaboutwheretogoandwhattodo”hesays.

1fitturnsoutthatadiseaseiscontributingtocolonycollapse，bees’genescouldexplainwhysomecolonieshavecollapsedandothershavenot.Inanygroupofbeestherearemanydifferentkindsofgenes.Themoredifferentgenesagrouphas，thehigherthegroup’Sgeneticdiversity.Sofarscientistshaven’tdeterminedtheroleofgeneticdiversityincolonycollapse，butit'sapromisingtheory，saysEvans.

36.Whatisthemysterythatresearchersfindhardtoexplain?

A.Honeybeesareflyingallacrossthecountry.

B.HalfofthehoneybeesintheUShavedied.

C.Honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesanddonotreturn.

D.Honeybeehivesareindisorder.

37.Researchersareseriouslyconcernedwiththephenomenonofcolony—collapsedisorderbecause

A.honeybeeshelpproduceone-thirdofthefoodsweeat

B.parasitesonbeesmayspreadeverywhere.

C.honeybeescannotfindenoughfoodelsewhere.

D.honeybeesfeedonflowers.

38.Whichofthefollowingisapossiblecauseofthecolony-collapsedisorder?

A.Populationexplosion.

B.Decreasingnumberofflowersaround.

C.Geneticallymodifiedproducts.

D.Diseasesandchemicals.

39.WhichofthefollowingexplanationsisgivenbyJerryHayestothephenomenon?

A.Bee-keepersdonotunderstandthehoneybee’Sbehavior.

B.Acertaintypeofchemicaldestroysthehoneybee’Snewelssystem.

C.Honeybeesareinfectedbyunwantedinsects.

D.Somecropsarepoisonoustothehoneybees.

40.Theword“diversity’inthelastparagraphmeans

A.variety.

B.makeup.

C.disorder.

D.distinction.第三篇ATaleofScottishRuralLife

LewisGrassesGibbon’sSunsetSong(1932)wasvoted“thebestScottishnovelofalltime”byScotland’sreadingpublicin2005.OnceconsideredshockingforitsfrankdescriptionofaspectsofthelivesofScotland’spoorruralfarmers，ithasbeenadaptedforstage，film。TVandradioinrecentdecades.

ThenovelissetonthefictionalestateofKinAddie，inthefarmingcountryoftheScottishnorthwestintheyearsuptoandbeyondWorldWarI.AtitsheartisthestoryofChris，whoisbothpartofthecommunityandalittleoutsideit.

GrassesGibbongivesusthemostdetailedandintimateaccountofthelifeofhisheroine(女主人公).Wewatchhergrowthroughachildhooddominatedbyhercruelbuthard—workingfather;experiencetragedy(hermother’ssuicideandmurderofhertwinchildren);andlearnaboutherfeelingsasshegrowsintoawoman.Weseehermarry，Loseherhusband，thenmarryagain.Chrishasseemedsoconvincingafiguretosomefemalereadersthattheycannot,believethatsheisthecreationofaman.

ButitwouldbemisleadingtosuggestthatthisbookisjustaboutChris.Itistrulyanovelofaplaceanditspeople.ItsopeningsectiontellsofKinAddie’slonghistory,inalanguagethatimitatestheplace’schangingpatternsofspeechandwriting.

Thestoryitselfisamazinglyfullofcharactersandincidents.ItistoldfromChris’pointofviewbutalsofromthatofthegossipingcommunity，acommunitywhereeverybodyknowseverybodyelse’sbusinessandnothingiseverforgotten.

SunsetSonghasasocialthemetoo.ItisconcernedwithwhatGrassesGibbonperceivesasthedestructionoftraditionalScottishrurallifefirstbymodernizationandthenbyWorldWarI.Gibbontriedhardtoshowhowcertaincharactersresistthewar.Despitethis，thewartakestheyoungmenaway,anumberofthemtotheirdeaths.Inparticular,ittakesawayChris’husband，EvanAvondale.ThewarfinallykillsEvan，butnotinthewayhiswidowistold，Infact.theGermansamen’tresponsibleforhisdeath，buthisownside.Heisshotbecauseheissaidtohaverunawayfromabattle.

Ifthenovelisabouttheendofonewayoflifeitalsolooksahead.Itisa“SunsetSong”butisconcernedtoowiththenewKinAddie，indeedofthenewEuropeanworld.GrassesGibbonwentontopublishtwoothernovelsabouttheplacethatcontinueitsstory.

41.WhatisSunsetSongmainlyabout?

A.TheFirstWorldWar.

B.Thebeautyofthesunset.

C.ThenewEuropeanworld

D.ThelivesofruralScottishfarmers

42.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofChris?

A.SheistheheroineofSunsetSong.

B.Shehadamiserablechildhood.

C.Sheisthecreationofman.

D.Shemarriedonlyonce.

43.Whatistheopeningsectionofthenovelmainlyconcernedwith?

A.TheclimateofKinAddie.

B.ThehistoryofKinAddie.

C.ThegeographyofKinAddie.

D.ThelanguagespokeninKinAddie.

44.WhokilledChris’husband，Evan?

A.Hisowntroops.

B.TheFrencharmy

C.TheGermans.

D.TheRussiansoldiers.

45.Theword“Sunset”inthetitleofthisnovelmostprobablymeans

A.theendoftheheroine’Slife.

B.theendoftenstory.

C.theendofthetraditionalwayoflife.

D.theendoftheday第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

RisingTuitionintheUS

EverySpring，USuniversityadministratorsgathertodiscussthenextacademicyear’sbudget.Theyconsiderfacultysalaries，utilitycostsfordormitories，newbuildingneedsandrepairstooldones.Theyrunthenumbersandconclude—itseems，inevitably—that，yetagain，thecostoftuitionmustgoup.

AccordingtotheUS’sCollegeBoard，thepriceofattendingafour-yearprivateuniversityintheUSrose81percentbetween2005and2006，thenumberscontinuedtorise.1993and2004.________(46)InAccordingtouniversityofficials.collegecostincreasesaresimplytheresultofbalancinguniversitycheckbooks.“TuitionincreasesatCedarvilleUniversityaredeterminedbyourrevenueneedsforeachyear,”saidtheuniversity’spresident，DrBillBrown.“Studenttuitionpaysfor78percentoftheuniversity’soperatingcosts。”Brown’sschoolisaprivateuniversitythatenrollsabout3，100undergradsandisconsistently.recognizedbyannualcollegerankingguideslikeUSNewsandWorldReport’sandThePrincetonReview’s.__________(47)

Tuitionatprivateuniversitiesissetbyadministrationofficialsandthensentforapprovaltotheschool’sboardoftrustees(监管)allofastate’spublicinstitutions.JohnDurham，assistantsecretary(董事)________(48)ThisboardoverseestotheboardoftrusteesatEastCarolinaUniversity(ECU)，explainsthatstatelawsaysthatpublicinstitutionsmustmaketheirservicesavailablewheneverpossibletothepeopleofthestateforfree.Durhamsai