年全国硕士生入学统一考试英语试题及答案9

PAGE28 1986-2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 PAGE大家网深情奉献！ 作者：阁明俊PAGE161987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1. Theskyscraperstandsout________thebluesky.[A]in[B]against[C]under[D]beneath2. Theyhavealwaysbeenongood________withtheirnext-doorneighbors.[A]friendship[B]relations[C]connection[D]terms3. Hello!Isthat21035?Pleaseputme________tothemanager.[A]across[B]up[C]through[D]over4. Whydoyoulookso________?Youneversmileorlookcheerful.[A]miserable[B]unfortunate[C]sorry[D]rude5. Eggs,thoughnourishing,have________offatcontent.[A]largenumber[B]alargenumber[C]thehighamount[D]ahighamount6. Jimalways________hisclassmatesinadebate.[A]backsout[B]backsaway[C]backsup[D]backsdown7. Mostofthepeoplewho________twoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.[A]havelivedout[B]havelivedthrough[C]havelivedon[D]havelivedoff8. Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe________whenyouarecamping.[A]putup[B]putupwith[C]putoff[D]putaway9. Isittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddown________newofficeblocks?[A]toaccommodate[B]toprovidefor[C]toincrease[D]tomakeroomfor10. Beinginnogreathurry,________.[A]wewentthelongroutewithscenery[B]thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference[C]wetookthelongscenicroute[D]ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicrouteSectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers,readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestion.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Text1Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,”whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.11. Peopleexpectthat________.[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer’sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuture[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftoday12. Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof________.[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop[B]arotatingdevicetopside[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting13. Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.14. Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.[C]Theyareusedforrescuework.[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.15. Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.[B]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.Text2InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy’sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes’expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythesun’srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.16. InancientGreece,theOlympicGames________.[A]weremerelynationalathleticfestivals[B]wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour[C]hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition[D]wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants17. IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames________.[A]onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegames[B]allGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,wereallowedtotakepart[C]allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompeteinGames[D]allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames18. TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics________.[A]hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished[B]variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors[C]wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld[D]wasconsideredunimportant19. Modernathletes’resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunnersbecause________.[A]theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults[B]theyaremuchbetter[C]detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast[D]theyaremuchworse20. Nowadays,theathletes’expensesarepaidfor________.[A]outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners[B]outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations[C]bytheathletesthemselves[D]bycontributionsText3Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain”sufferswithcivilization’severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamber,ahardyellowish-browngum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really”are.“Electricity,”BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathing,likeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereistotell.”Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,forexample,whosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat’swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat’swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.21. Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis________.[A]toexplainwhythingshappen[B]toexplainhowthingshappen[C]todescribeself-evidentprinciples[D]tosupportAristotelianscience22. Whatprinciplesmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears?[A]thespeculationsofThales[B]theforcesofelectricity,magnetism,andgravity[C]Aristotle’snaturalscience[D]Galileo’sdiscoveries23. BertrandRussell’snotionaboutelectricityis________.[A]disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists[B]inagreementwithAristotle’stheoryofself-evidentprinciples[C]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“how”thingshappen[D]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“why”thingshappen24. Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea________.[A]thattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse[B]thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really”are[C]thatthereareself-evidentprinciples[D]thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo25. Modernsciencecameintobeing________.[A]whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced[B]whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen[C]whenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingshappen[D]whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofrealityofreasoningSectionIII:StructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentence.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad,it________sixhours.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was[D]lastedANSWER:[D]26. Asscheduled,thecommunicationssatellitewentinto________roundtheearth.[A]circle[B]orbit[C]path[D]course27. WhenIsawJane,Istoppedandsmiled,butshe________meandwalkedon.[A]refused[B]ignored[C]denied[D]missed28. Itwasagoodgame,andattheendthe________wasArgentina3,WestGermany2.[A]mark[B]account[C]record[D]score29. Georgetook________ofthefineweathertodoaday’sworkinhisgarden.[A]chance[B]interest[C]advantage[D]charge30. Isthereanyonewho________theplansputforwardbythecommittee?[A]differs[B]opposes[C]disagrees[D]refuses31. Alltoo________itwastimetogobacktoschoolafterthesummervacation.[A]often[B]quick[C]fast[D]soon32. Inanaccidentwhentwocarsrunintoeachother,they________.[A]hit[B]knock[C]strike[D]collide33. Thenoisewascausedbyaboy________acatthroughthegarden.[A]catching[B]fighting[C]following[D]chasing34. Hedrovefastandarrivedanhour________ofschedule.[A]inadvance[B]ahead[C]abreast[D]infront35. Thisticket________youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.[A]gives[B]entitles[C]grants[D]creditsSectionIV:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)EXAMPLE:Forinstance,theautomobiletunnelmight________hugeventilationproblems.[A]make[B]bring[C]raise[D]createANSWER:[D]Chequeshave__36__replacedmoneyasameansofexchangefortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisveryconvenientforbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequitevaluelessinthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertain__37__whenheacceptsachequesandheisquite__38__hisrightsifonoccasion,herefusestodoso.Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled__39__.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge__40__ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.Afterexaminingseveraltrays,hedecidedtobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpaybyCheques.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquite__41__butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager’soffice.Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewithexactlythesamenamehadpresentedthemwithaworthlessChequenotlongago.Myfriendgotveryangrywhenheheardthisandsaidhewouldbuyanecklacesomewhereelse.Whenhegotuptogo,themanagertoldhimthatthepolicewouldarriveatanymomentandhehadbetterstay__42__thewantedtogetintoserioustrouble.__43__,thepolicearrivedsoonafterwards.Theyapologizedtomyfriendforthe__44__,butexplainedthatapersonwhohadusedthesamenameashiswasresponsibleforanumberofrecentrobberies.Thenthepoliceaskedmyfriendtocopyoutanotewhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.Thenote__45__:“Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.”Fortunately,myfriend’shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethief’s.Hewasnotonlyallowedtogowithoutfurtherdelay,buttotakethestringofpearlswithhim.36. [A]exactly[B]really[C]largely[D]thoroughly37. [A]danger[B]chance[C]risk[D]opportunity38. [A]within[B]beyond[C]without[D]outof39. [A]indifficulty[B]indoubt[C]inearnest[D]inquestion40. [A]amount[B]stock[C]number[D]store41. [A]inorder[B]inneed[C]inuse[D]incommon42. [A]whether[B]if[C]otherwise[D]unless43. [A]Really[B]Sureenough[C]Certainly[D]However44. [A]treatment[B]manner[C]inconvenience[D]behaviour45. [A]read[B]told[C]wrote[D]informedSectionV:VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46. Withallfactors(consider)wethinkthisprogrammayexcelalltheothersinachievingthegoal.47. Theyhadbeenworkingroundtheclockforacoupleofdays(hope)togetthedesignoutbeforetheircompetitorsdid.48. There’sageneralunderstandingamongthemembersoftheBoardofDirectorsthatchiefattention(give)totheundertakingthatisexpectedtobringinhighestprofit.49. Ifwedon’tstartoutnow,wemustrisk(miss)thetrain.50. Thistest(intend)toreinforcewhatyouhavelearntinthepastfewweeks.51. Themembersofthedelegationwereglad(stay)longerthanoriginallyplanned.52. Withfullknowledgeofhispastexperience,weknewallalongthathe(succeed).53. (Knownot)whatappropriatemeasurestobetakentocopewiththesituation,hewrotetohislawyerforadvice.54. It’snogood(write)tohim,heneveranswersletters.Theonlythingtodoistogoandseehim.55. (Come)whatmay,we’renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.SectionVI:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there’s[B]hardlysomething[C]left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anything56. In[A]hisresponseto[B]theadvertisement,Ed.repliedthathewaslookingforafull-timeposition[C]notapart-time[D]one.57. Noonewhohasseen[A]himwork[B]inthelaboratorycandeny[C]thatWilliamhasgreatcapabilitiesof[D]research.58. Neitherofthealternativesthathadbeenoutlined[A]atthelastmeeting[B]were[C]acceptableto[D]theexecutivecommittee.59. Airlinecompaniestodayrequire[A]thatallluggage’s[B]beinspected[C]beforepassengersareadmittedinto[D]thewaitingrooms.60. AlthoughAlicehasbeen[A]tothemountainsmanytimes[B]before,shestill[C]lovesvisitingit.[D]61. AnimportantfunctionoftheWorldHealthOrganizationistoimprove[A]thehealthy[B]andlivingconditionsforthesickandthepoorof[C]world[D]62. Theelementcarboniswidely[A]found[B]innature[C]inmanyformsincludingbothdiamondsaswellas[D]coal.63. Whilestillayoungboy[A]Bizetknewtoplay[B]thepianowellandas[C]hegrewolder,hewroteoperas,themostfamousofwhich[D]isCarmen.64. Despitethefactthat[A]theSouthPoleisassnow-covered[B]andstormy-weathered[C]astheNorthPole,itiscolder[D]thantheNorthPole.65. Climate[A]conditionsvarywidely[B]fromplacetoplaceandfromseasontoseason,butacertainorderandpattern[C]canbeidentifiable.[D]SectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(15points)66. 所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。67. 我们恳切希望你早日给我们一个答复。68. 即使你说服不了他，也不要灰心丧气。69. 这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。70. 你讲英语时，发音要准，否则人家就听不懂你的意思。SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)Havetherealwaysbeencities?(71)Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasmayseeminconceivabletous,butactuallycitiesarerelativelyrecentdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrend,however,isforsuchgroupstodisappear,whilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman’ssocialexistence.(72)Historically,citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.Anyhighdegreeofhumanendeavorandachievementhasbeencloselylinkedtolifeinanurbanenvironment.(73)Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.Tomostpeople,citieshavetraditionallybeentheareaswheretherewasaconcentrationofcultureaswellasofopportunity.(74)Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.WhathashappenedtothemodernAmericancity?Actually,theproblemisnotsuchanewone.Longbeforethiscenturystarted,therehadbegunatrendtowardtheconcentrationofthepooroftheAmericansocietyintothecities.Eachgreatwaveofimmigrationfromabroadandfromtheruralareasmadetheproblemworse.Duringthiscentury,therehasalsobeenthedevelopmentoflargesuburbanareassurroundingthecities,fortherichprefertoliveintheseareas.Withinthecities,sectionsmaybesharplydividedintohighandlowrentdistricts,the“rightsideoftown”andtheslums.Ofcourse,everyonewantstodosomethingaboutthisunhappysituation.Butthereisnoagreementastogoals.Neitheristhereanysystematicapproachorintegratedprogram.Opinionsareasdiverseasthepeoplewhogivethem.(75)Butonebasicdifferenceofopinionconcernsthequestionofwhetherornotthecityassuchistobepreserved.Perhapstransportationandthemeansofcommunicationhavereallymadeitpossiblefortheretobeanendtothebigcities.Ofcourse,thereistheproblemofpersuadingpeopletomoveoutofthemoftheirownfreewill.(76)Andthereisalsotheobjectionthatthecityhasalwaysbeenthecorefromwhichculturaladvancementhasradiated.Isthis,however,stillthecasetodayinthepresenceofeasytransportationandcommunication