高考英语二轮复习大题优练5 七选五 说明文（解析版）

七选五说明文七选五说明文大题优练5优选例题优选例题A【2020·全国I卷】AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWeallwantittoacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.1Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.●2Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.3Youwillmakemistakestimeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有同情心)response?“Thatdidn’tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.”●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.4●Nowthatyou’velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon’tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.5Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.ESetanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?【答案】BFDCA【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了自我接纳的一些方法，如不要和他人比较，原谅自己所犯的错，认识自己的优点等。1.根据空格处下一句及下文可知后面作者是提出了一些自我接纳的方法，B项（从哪里开始呢？）符合语境，故选B。2.根据文章结构可知，此处为小标题，且根据空格处后文“Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.”可知，你的生活是你自己的，不要去和别人比较，故选F。3.根据空格处下句“Youwillmakemistakestimeandtimeagain.”（你会一次又一次地犯错误。）可知D项（记住，你只是人。）符合语境，故选D。4.空格处上一句列举了一些小的成就，C项（任何小的成就都值得庆祝。）符合语境，故选C。5.根据空格处上文可知，列举完了优点，也要列举缺点，在日记中写下为什么觉得自己不够好。A项（又一次感觉到失望吗？）符合语境，故选A。B【2020·全国II卷】Emoji(表情符号)andWorkplaceCommunicationInAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly,withusersinthehundredsofmillions,bothatworkandplay.6.It’sbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.Writtencommunicationscanoftenreadascoldanddull.Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.7,encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.Inanygivenoffice,employeescanrangefromage22to70andbeyond,andfindingcommongroundincommunicationstylecanbeachallenge.8.Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicatevisually,forthoseusedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲线).Thegoodnewsisthatit’ssimpletolearnandcanbeworththeeffort.Thereisalsothematteroftone(语气).Whohasn’treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday?9.Emojicanhelpcommunicationfeelfriendlier,andevenaseriousnotecanbesoftenedwithanencouragingsmile.10,andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome.Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you’llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.A.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB.EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE.GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF.StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform【答案】DAGBF【解析】本文为说明文，主要讲述表情符号在工作交流中的积极影响。6.考查细节支撑句。根据36空前的关键词InAsia和platforms，以及空后的76percentofemployees和westerncountries，可知不仅是亚洲，在西方国家也很受欢迎，故D选项（这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延）符合。其中platforms词汇复现，故选D。7.考查细节支撑句。根据37空前可知书面交流通常被认为冷漠和无趣，空后的“encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication”是说鼓励更好更频繁的交流，可知选A。8.考查细节支撑句。根据38空前rangefromage22to70andbeyond和空后的youngergenerations，可知选G。9.考查过渡衔接句。根据39空前“谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？”，可知B选项（甚至一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好）符合。故选B。10.考查主旨概括句。根据上文阐述的内容，40空是一个主题句。空格后句说：表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果，空处也应该是表情符号的积极影响，所用and连接。因此选项F（研究表明，更友好的沟通会使得工作场所更加让人愉快）符合。故选F。模拟优练模拟优练A【山东省青岛市2021届高三下学期3月统一质量检测英语试题】Shootingdownanice-coveredtrack,abobsledcangofasterthan80milesanhour.1Theanswerisacombinationofathleticsandscience.Atthestartofarace,thecrewspushtheirsled,buildingupspeedbeforetheyjumpinfortheride.Formonthsbeforetherace,thecrewmembershavebuiltupexplosivepowerintheirlegs.Thatmeansdoingalotofjumpsandsprints.Italsomeanspushingheavysleds!Thepushisthecrew’sonlychancetoaddspeed.2Thedesignofthesled’srunners(滑板)reducestheirfrictionwiththeice.3Theymaynotmeltenoughiceforafastride.Runnersthataretooroundedmaybecometoowarm,softeningtheiceandslowingthesleddown.4Therulesstatethatallrunnersmustbemadeofthesametypeofsteel,andcrewsmaypolishthemusingonlyapprovedmaterials.Beforeeachrace,officialscheckthetemperatureoftherunners.Runnersmaynotbemorethanafewdegreeswarmerthantheice.5Butrememberthesledmustnotbetoofast—thecrewstillneedstobeabletoreachthebottomsafely.A.Whydopeoplegoforthesport?B.Crewspolishtheirrunnersforafastride.C.Theriderssitinsideahardshell,calledcowling.D.Howdobobsledsgofasterthancarsonahighway?E.Ahotrunnerwillmeltmoreiceandmaypossiblygofaster.F.Runnersthataretooflatwouldspreadthefrictionoverawidearea.G.Allotherworkgoesintokeepingotherforcesfromslowingthebobsleddown.【答案】DGFBE【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪橇滑雪这项运动的一些情况。1.根据上文“Shootingdownanice-coveredtrack,abobsledcangofasterthan80milesanhour.”（滑下冰雪覆盖的赛道时，大雪橇的时速可以超过80英里。）以及后文“Theanswerisacombinationofathleticsandscience.”（答案是体育运动和科学相结合。）可知，上文提到大雪橇的时速，后文则提到答案，说明本句是一个关于大雪橇速度的疑问，后文则给出回答。故D选项（大雪橇在高速公路上如何比汽车跑得更快？）符合语境，故选D。2.上文提示：在比赛开始时，队员们推着他们的雪橇，在他们跳下去之前加快速度。在比赛前的几个月，队员们在他们的腿上积累了爆发力。这意味着要做大量的跳跃和冲刺跑。它也意味着推沉重的雪橇！把雪橇往前推是队员们增加速度的唯一机会。上文提到队员要为推动沉重的雪橇在比赛前几个月进行训练，本空为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这一做法的原因。故G选项（所有其他的工作是为了防止其他力使雪橇减速。）符合语境，故选G。3.根据上文“Thedesignofthesled’srunners(滑板)reducestheirfrictionwiththeice.”（雪橇滑板的设计减少了与冰的摩擦。）以及后文“Theymaynotmeltenoughiceforafastride.Runnersthataretooroundedmaybecometoowarm,softeningtheiceandslowingthesleddown.”（它们可能无法融化足够的冰来快速行驶。弧度太圆的滑板可能会因变得太热而软化冰面，从而使得雪橇减速。）可知，本段主要是关于滑板的设计说明，且后文提到了弧度太圆的滑板的缺点，可推测本句与后文并列也是在列举弧度不够好的滑板，F选项中friction对应上文中friction。故F选项（弧度过平的滑板会使滑板的更大面积产生摩擦力。）符合语境，故选F。4.根据后文“Therulesstatethatallrunnersmustbemadeofthesametypeofsteel,andcrewsmaypolishthemusingonlyapprovedmaterials.”（规则规定，所有的滑板必须由相同类型的钢材制成，并且队员只能使用经过批准的材料来打磨它们。）可知，本段主要说明的是滑板的打磨问题，B选项中polish对应后文中polish。故B选项（为了快速滑行，队员会擦亮他们的滑板。）符合语境，故选B。5.根据上文“Beforeeachrace,officialscheckthetemperatureoftherunners.Runnersmaynotbemorethanafewdegreeswarmerthantheice.”（每次比赛前，工作人员都会检查滑板的温度。滑板的温度不会比冰面高几度。）可知，上文提到滑板的温度不会超过冰面，本空为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续就滑板的温度问题展开说明。E选项中hot与上文warmer相对应。故E选项（热的滑板会融化更多的冰，可能会跑得更快。）符合语境，故选E。B【内蒙古包头市2021届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题】LittleHabitsMakeaBigDifferenceEverythingaroundusischangingatamazingspeed,itseemsbutsomethingswillalwaysremainthesame.6Someofourdailyhabitshavethepowertoalwaysgiveushappinessandleadustowardsuccess.Herearesomelittlehabitsthatcanmakeabigdifference:7Manystudieshavelinkedearlyrisingwithsuccess.Anearlymorningwake-upcarriesbenefitsincludingbetterplanningandanticipation(预料)ofproblems,andmoretimetodothethingsthatmakeyouhappy.Happinesscomestothosewhoarecurious.8Aslongasyoulive,therewillalwaysbesomethingtolearn,andaslongasyoufollowyourheartandyourpassions,youwon’tmissoutonlearning.Believeinyourselfandallthatyourare.9Confidenceisthekeytosuccess—thethingthatletsyoulookatthepastwithoutregret,staygroundedinthepresent,andprepareforthefuturewithoutfear.Adaywellspentgetsyouagoodnightsleep.Enoughsleepmakesyoufeelhealthierandhappier,andit’smorethanliftingupyourmoodorremovingexhaustion.Adequatesleepisakeypartofyourhealthandinnerhappiness.10Itdoesn’ttakeahugeefforttomakeasignificantchangeinyourlife—usingoneortwotinyhabitsmaybeallyouneed.Getstartedtodayandyou’llsoonbeexperiencingtherewards.A.That’swhyhabitsaresopowerful.B.Thegroundworkofallhappinessisgoodhealth.C.Earlytorisemakesyouhealthy,wealthyandwise.D.Thehabitofrespectmeanstreatingeveryonewithkindness.E.Nothingwillevermakeyouhappierthanhavingfaithinyourself.F.Whenyourestbetter,youcanlivebetterandachievemorehappiness.G.Thereisnostageinlifewhenwecan’tbelearningsomethingvaluable.【答案】ACGEF【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养成几个好习惯可以对人生有很有益的影响。6.根据上文可知，虽然我们周围的一切变化的速度非常快，但是有些事情总是不变，这就是习惯的力量，故选A。7.根据下文可知，本段介绍的是早起的好处，早起经常与成功联系在一起，所以作为本段的标题，这里也应该说早起的好处，故选C。8.根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是人只要活着，总有要学习的东西。时常保持着好奇心，喜欢学习的人总会感到快乐。因此G选项（人生中的任何一个阶段都能够学到珍贵的东西。）符合题意，故选G。9.根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是要相信自己，自信是成功的关键，E选项中的havefaithinyourself正是此意，故选E。10.根据上文可知，本段讲述了休息的重要性，休息得越好，会感到越快乐，故选F。C【江西省九校2021届高三下学期一模联考英语试题】HowtoBakeAbsolutelyAnythingIfyou’veneverbakedbefore,thisguidewillexplainthebasicfoundationsofbaking,offertipsforbakingspecificfoodgroups,andsuggestafewrecipestogetyoustartedbaking.11Readthewholerecipebeforeyoustart.We’veallgottenhalf-waythrougharecipeonlytofindwedon’thaveanybuttermilk.Plus,aquickreadcanhelpyouprepareforwhat’sahead,particularlyifthereareanytechniqueswithwhichyou’renotfamiliar.Usebutterattherighttemperature.12Itistherightconsistencyforcreamingwithsugar.Biscuitandpiepastryrecipescallforice-coldbutterinordertocreatetheflakiestlayers.Ifyourbutterisn’tthecorrecttemperature,yourbakeswon’tmixupthewaytheyshould.13Whenitcomestobaking,it’salwayspreferabletomeasureyouringredientsbyweightratherthanvolume.Thisensuresyougetexactlytherightproportions.Itmaynotbecriticalforsomethingsimplelikeapanofcake,butit’simportantwithpickybakeditems,suchasmacarons.Freezecookiedough.Weknowhowtemptingitistogetyourcookiesintheoventhesecondyou’redonemixingupyourdough.14Anditpreventscookiesfromspreadingtoomuch.Donotskipthisstep!Coolcakescompletelybeforefrosting.Alwaysletyourcakes,cupcakes,andcookiescoolcompletelybeforefrostingthem.Iftheyaretoowarm,thefrostingwillsliderightoffthetopofyourcakeormeltanddipin.15Ifyoudon’thaveone,takethecoveroffyourironingboardandusetheboardasacoolingshelf.A.Usetherightbutter.B.Weighallyouringredients.C.Iftheyar