(新高考)高考英语二轮复习热点04 语法填空专练（解析版）

热点0热点04语法填空【命题趋势】在一篇200左右词的短文中留出十个空白，所设空白分有词填空和无词填空二种。有词填空题考查：时态、语态、形容词或副词的级、非谓语动词和简单构词法。无词填空考查：代词、冠词、连词、介词和情态动词。要求考生根据空白所在句的句式结构及句子间的逻辑关系，用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填写，以便使短文准确无误。本题型主要考查考生在文章中正确使用英语语法知识的能力。【满分技巧】答题原则：以句子为单位来考虑含有空白的句子。答不出时，再考虑设空所在句与前句或后句的关系。A.有词填空题这类题在一个设空处可填一至三个词，其中考查最多、最难的是用动词的正确形式填空。这包含对时态、语态、非谓语动词及构词法知识的考查。首先要确定该空应该使用谓语动词(时态、语态、)还是用非谓语动词。规律是：每个句子(从第一个词到句号或叹号算作一个句子)都遵循这个等式：谓语数-1=连词数。其中一个破折号(若后面是句子)、分号、冒号算作一个连词；连接并列成分的连词，承接上文的连词，以及when、if、though与非谓语动词连用时的不计数。在填含有已给动词的空白时，依据已知的谓语动词和连词的数量所构成的等式来判断。若左边(前面)再加1等式才成立，需要填谓语动词；若相等，需要填非谓语动词(详见下列《技巧应用》)B.无词填空题这类题一个空白只许填一个词，其中考查最多、最难的是填从属连词。判断是否填连词的方法也是根据上述等式(遇到难句、长句、复杂句，才使用)来考虑：即,若右边(后面)再加1等式才成立,需要填连词。考查代词、冠词、连词、介词、形容词或副词的级和情态动词的填空题相对较简单。将在《技巧应用》或《限时检测》中详述。【热点话题】阅读、健康、运动、社会热点、垃圾分类、文化介绍等英语语法填空高考考点整理从句引导词1定语从句(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum39openedin1759.(which/that本句考查定语从句)（2019全国2卷）NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.（which非限制性定语从句）（2018全国1卷）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014_____showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.（that/which定语从句，指物，在从句中做主语故用关系代词）（2018全国2卷）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernmentstaredasoil-testingprogramgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers.（that/which定语从句，指物，在从句中做主语故用关系代词）（2017全国1卷）Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.（which非限制性定语从句）（2016全国1卷）ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter...（when非限制性定语从句，先行词是时间，在从句中做时间状语）2宾语从句(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57．couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.（what考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。）（2015全国2卷）Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly___thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.（how引导宾语从句）3同位语从句（2019全国1卷）Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencetheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.（that同位语从句）谓语动词的的变式1时态(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)Newmethods65．(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.(meant句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。)(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)Byabout6000BC，people61(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.(haddiscovered句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by+过去时间译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填haddiscovered.)(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,38(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.（formed句子中有明确的过去时间状语，因此谓语部分用过去时）（2019全国1卷）InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements.（havereported现在完成时，标志是inrecentyears）（2019全国2卷）Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene（declare）shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.（declared一般过去时）（2019全国2卷）IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66（make）overtheyears.（havemade现在完成时，标志是overtheyears）（2018全国1卷）Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit___(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.（is一般现在时）（2018全国2卷）Since2011,thecountry(grow)morecornthanrice.（hasgrown 现在完成时，标志是since）（2018全国2卷）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment(start)asoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers.（started一般过去时，标志为过去时间点2005年）（2017全国2卷）Later,engineers______(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）,whichbecameknowntothetube.（managed根据全文时态判定为一般过去时）（2016全国2卷）Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.（make祈使句用动词原形）2语态（主被动）(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood59．(need).(wasneeded句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填wasneeded。)(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40．(call)galleriesorrooms.(arecalled本句考查一般现在时的被动语态)（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）Theyareeasy68(care)forandmakegreatpresents.（tocare这个是主动形式表示被动含义，本句中与谓语部分的形容词有关）（2017全国1卷）Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.（areremoved主语是fatandsalt，be动词是复数形式，被动表示脂肪和糖从食物中被除去）（2017全国2卷）Steamengines_____(use)topullthecarriages...（wereused根据全文判定时态为一般过去时，根据主语engines判定为复数，被动表示蒸汽引擎被用于...）（2016全国1卷）I______（arrow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.（wasallowed首先文章是一般过去时的记叙文，其次我是单数，被允许为被动语态）3主谓一致(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection41．(be)ondisplay.（is主语是collcetion为单数，谓语也用单数）（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62(carry)specialsignificance.（carries表语从句的主语是decorating由介词with引导的词语不是主语，谓语动词与with等介词前面的主语保持一致）（2019全国1卷）threearedeclining,six(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.（are主语six指发现的六个企鹅种群，为复数）（2017全国1卷）Fastfood(be)fulloffatandsalt;（isfood是不可数名词，be动词用单数）（2016全国2卷）Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow(be)oftenacceptable.（is动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数）4非谓语的变化（不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词）(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，63．(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(making句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。makeuseof和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。)(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology60．(change)lives.(tochange句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填tochange。)(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselves(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walk)througharainforest.(walking现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的动作)（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes65(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.(decorated过去分词作后置定语修饰宾语them)（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）Theyrepresenttheearth63(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.（coming本句的谓语动词是represent，coming是现在分词作后置定语修饰宾语earth）（2019全国1卷）Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.（toperform考查动词不定式，本句本句为主系表结构，后跟动词不定式作状语。）（2019全国1卷）Scientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.（noting现在分词作介词宾语）（2019全国2卷）A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded”WomanOfTheYear”for（be）Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.（being现在分词作介词宾语）（2019全国2卷）Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans（retire）fromher36-year-oldbusiness.（toretire）（2019全国2卷）Whenwegotacall（say）shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.（saying现在分词作后置定语，主动）（2018全国1卷）Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong___(see)thebenefit.（tosee动词不定式作非谓语表目的）（2018全国1卷）Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof___(die)earlybyrunning.（dying动名词作介词宾语）（2018全国2卷）Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.（toimprove动词不定式作非谓语表目的）（2018全国2卷）China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.（feeding）（2017全国1卷）Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.（toprocess动词不定式作宾语，berequiredtodosth.被要求做某事）（2017全国1卷）by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.（eating动名词作介词宾语）（2017全国2卷）Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,_____(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.（laying动名词作included的宾语，也可根据diggingup和building判定）（2016全国1卷）IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter_____(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.（permitted过去分词作后置定语，表被动）（2016全国1卷）Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude_____(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.（introducing动名词作宾语）（2016全国2卷）Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely(bring)yourworkhome.（tobring动词不定式，可能做某事islikelyto...）（2015全国1卷）Astudyoftravelers___(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.（conducted过去分词作后置定语，表被动）虚词1介词(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)Sometimeafter10，000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56．，throughagriculture.(in句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“theylived_____”应是之前名词theworld的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：theylivedintheworld.livein+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。)(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）)Museumsmustcompete45．people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.（for句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:competefor，意为:“为了……竞争”。故填for。）（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）Bambooplantsareassociated67health,abundanceandahappyhome.(with本题考查介词的搭配方法与…有联系)（2019全国1卷）Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.（of/for介词搭配，...的方法）（2017全国1卷）Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（医学界）amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease.（as作为）（2017全国2卷）astheytravelledtoandwork.（from和to对应，表示人们上下班）（2016全国1卷）ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbackmydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,（to回到，追溯到gobackto）（2016全国2卷）Mostofusaremorefocusedourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.（on专注于...focuson...）2连词(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson58．huntingandgathering，sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.(than句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more…than，意为“比……更”故填than。)(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）)Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.(or连词，表示选择性)（2019全国2卷）IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto.（but转折连词，not...but...不是...而是...）（2018全国1卷）Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglifewalking,cyclingorswimming.（than比较连词，因前面出现比较级moreeffective）（2018全国2卷）Cornuseslesswaterriceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.（than比较连词，因前面出现比较级lesswater）（2016全国2卷）So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductivepossiblebeforelunch.（as...as...）3冠词(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)Then，with64．riseofscience，changesbegan.(the句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。withtheriseof译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。)（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）Theplumtreesare70firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).（the序数词前用定冠词）（2019全国1卷）Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining...（the特指已发现的19个企鹅亚种群）（2019全国2卷）Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasjoke.（a不定冠词，一个玩笑）（2018全国2卷）Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.（the）（2017全国1卷）Asresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.（aasaresult作为结果，固定搭配）（2017全国2卷）Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover____top.（the在什么顶上）（2016全国1卷）whileoneisbeingbottle-fed,_____otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.（the两者中的另一个，one...theother...）（2016全国2卷）Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhile（a一会儿forawhile）实词（谓语动词已单列）1名词(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe62．(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，making(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(seasons句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。)(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）)Historical44．(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.高考（accuracy形容词变名词，其作句子的主语）（2020年全国卷Ⅱ）ChineseNewYearisa61(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.（celebration动词变名词作表语）（2019全国1卷）InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.（belief动词变名词作宾语）（2018全国1卷）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall_____（cause）.（causes可数名词单数变复数，因为有all修饰）（2018全国1卷）Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto_____(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.（strengthen名词变动词）（2018全国2卷）Thisswitchhasdecreased(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.（pollution动词变名词作宾语）（2017全国1卷）Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（医学界）asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.（effects可数名词单数变复数，因为有some修饰）（2017全国2卷）Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible____(crowd)ontheroadsabove...（crowds）（2017全国2卷）Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe_____(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.（introduction动词变名词，表示电动引擎和电梯的引进）（2016全国1卷）Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop(attract).（attraction动词变名词，top是形容词，修饰名词）（2016全国1卷）Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew____(day)withhissister...（days可数名词有few修饰用复数）（2016全国2卷）Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof(achieve).（achievement成就感）（2016全国2卷）Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatwork...（studies根据谓语动词show可知主语为名词复数）2代词(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine42．(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistory.(themselves反身代词作谓语动词的宾语)（2018全国1卷）Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive____atry.（it指代running，作宾语）（2017全国2卷）However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing_____everyday.（it代指前文的therailway，作宾语）（2016全国1卷）Onmurecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby______(it)mother.（its首先代指上文twin，其次修饰mother，用形容词性物主代词）3形容词（2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)）Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36．(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.（wealthy名词变形容词作定语）2020年全国Ⅱ卷）The69(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.（beautiful名词变形容词）（2019全国1卷）...leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.（higher形容词比较级，标志是than）（2019全国2卷）Wearesoproudofher.It’s(wonder).（wonderful名词变形容词）（2018全国1卷）Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears____(long)thannon-runners.（longer形容词比较级，标志是than）（2018全国1卷）Runningischeap,easyandit’salways____(energy).（energetic名词变形容词作表语）（2018全国2卷）AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.（global名词变形容词作定语）（2017全国1卷）Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.（worse根据上下文和even确定用比较级，表示比上文情况更糟糕的是...）（2017全国1卷）However,be(care)nottogotoextremes.（carefulbe动词后跟形容词作表语）（2017全国2卷）ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost______(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.（successful名词变形容词作定语修饰lines，且前面有形容词高级的标志themost）（2016全国2卷）Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof(great)andlessimportance.（greater形容词比较级，跟less相对）4副词（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.（certainly形容词变副词）（2019全国1卷）Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied;（poorly形容词变副词）（2019全国2卷）Heryearsofhardworkhave（final）beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.（finally形容词变副词）（2018全国2卷）Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange.（actually形容词变副词）（2017全国2卷）anditmusthavebeen_____(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.（fairly副词修饰形容词unpleasant，相当地）（2016全国1卷）Thetitlewillbe_____(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.（officially副词修饰动词）（2016全国2卷）...wearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks(regular).（regularly形容词变副词修饰动词）语法填空近五年高考真题A（2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ)）话题：中国新年的装饰品难度：★★建议用时：10分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa61．(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62．(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth63．(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore64．decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes65．(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.66．(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated67．health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy68．(care)forandmakegreatpresents.BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The69．(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare70．firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.B（2020年浙江省高考英语试卷（7月））话题：人类如何征服世界难度：★★建议用时：10分阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Sometimeafter10，000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived___56___，throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson___57___couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson___58___huntingandgathering，sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood___59___(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology___60___(change)lives.Byabout6000BC，people___61___(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe___62___(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，___63___(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，with___64___riseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods_____65_____(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso，thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.C（2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷））话题：人类如何征服世界难度：★★建议用时：10分阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,___36___(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig___37___untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,___38___(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum___39___openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic___40___(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection___41___(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine___42___(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor___43___(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical___44___(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete____45____people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.D（2019全国1卷）话题：介绍北极圈的北极熊难度：★★建议用时：10分阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.8.69.70.E（2019全国2卷）话题：介绍一位90岁的英国职员难度：★★建议用时：10分A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61（be）Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，62sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63（final）beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene64（declare）shehadnoplans65（retire）fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid，“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66（make）overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks，31-whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness-saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid，“Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68（say）shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s70(wonder）.”0.F（2018全国1卷）话题：介绍运动员能够活的更长久的原因难度：★★建议用时：10分Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears__61__(long)thannon-runners,Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong_62__(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_63__(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit_64___(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife_65__walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__66___showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall__67___（cause）.Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto___68__(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways_69___(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive_70_atry.8.69.70.G（2018全国2卷）话题：介绍中国饮食的变化难度：★★建议用时：10分Dietshavechangedinchina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis63(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment68(start)asoil-testingprogram69givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.8.69.70.H（