京津城际轨道桥涵工程监理实施细则中英文结合

PAGE京津城际轨道交通工程第一标段施工监理实施细则(第二版)ImplementationDetailsofConstructionSupervisionTheJing-JinIntercityTransitRailwayProjectSupervisionSectionIJVledbySupervisionCompanyofFSDIMay,2006目录Content1、工程建设项目概况Generalintroductionofengineeringconstructionproject1-31.1开工必备的资料………..….…11.2工程的技术特征……………..21.3工程投资…………………31.4设计及施工承包单位名称32、监理工作范围Rangeofsupervisionwork……………….……..3-43、监理工作目标Aimforsupervisionwork4-63.1“三控制”目标…………...…….43.2“两管理”目标………..……...4-53.3“一协调”目标……………53.4安全控制目标……………53.5环境保护目标…………………….………64、桥梁钻孔桩基础Thefoundationofbridgecast-in-placepile……..………...6-124.1桥梁钻孔桩基础施工准备的监理………………..……6-74.2钻孔桩施工过程的监理………………….…………….…7-94.3钻孔桩质量检验标准（如下表）………….……………9-114.4施工单位应提交以下资料…………………..…………11-125、预应力混凝土Prestressconcrete………………..12-225.1预应力混凝土梁施工准备的监理………………….…12-135.2预应力混凝土梁施工过程的监理…………….…..…..13-175.3预应力混凝土梁质量检验允许偏差……….……..…..17-215.4施工单位应提交以下资料……..…...…21-226、水泥粉煤灰碎石桩CFGpile………………..………22-266.1水泥粉煤灰碎石桩施工准备的监理22-236.2水泥粉煤灰碎石桩施工过程的监理23-246.3水泥粉煤灰碎石桩的质量检验24-266.4施工单位应提交以下资料267、进度控制ScheduleControl…………………….…26-377.1进度控制主要监理方法……………….……….…26-287.2进度控制的监理措施…………..……..28-297.3关于编制进度计划的要求………………….….……..29-378、安全生产、环保、水保监控SupervisionandControlofSafetyProduction,EnvironmentalProtectionandWaterConservation…………..…37-528.1安全、环保、水保及文明施工管理的任务……….……378.2环保、水保监理的内容与方法……………..…….…37-418.3文明施工措施………..……………41-428.4安全施工的监理措施………………..42-458.5文明施工、环保、水保检查…………….….………45-529、监理工作程序Routineforsupervisionwork….…….….…..52-649.1设计图纸检查和会审程序……….…53-629.2实施性施工组织设计审查程序……………….……62-639.3见证平行试验实施办法………………….…………63-6410、监理的巡视检查Supervisorpatrolinspection……………64-6510.1监理巡视检查的量化指标……...…64-6510.2监理人员巡视检查的主要内容……………...……….6511、旁站Continuousinspection…………...…...…65-7611.1桥涵工程………………….….……67-7511.2旁站工作制度………………..……75-76)施工监理实施细则ImplementationDetailsofConstructionSupervision1、工程建设项目概况Generalintroductionofengineeringconstructionproject京津城际轨道交通工程位于华北地区，连接北京、天津两大直辖市，地处环渤海湾地区的中心地带，该地区是全国经济、技术最发达的地区之一。Jing-Jinintercityrailtransitprojectislocatedinthenortharea,whichlinkstwometropolisesbetweenBeijingandTianjin.StandintheheartlandoftheBoHaiWanareawheretheoneofmostdevelopedareainthenationalis.本工程起自北京南站（不含）DK0+900，终于天津站（含）DK115+730.71，线路全长115.2km（其中北京范围48.397KM,天津范围65.607KM）。全线设北京南、亦庄、永乐、武清、天津等5座车站，其中北京南和天津站为城际列车始发站，亦庄、永乐和武清站为中间站。正线桥梁长度101km，占线路总长的88%；路基长度14.2km，占线路总长度的12％，均为软土或松软地基路堤；除天津站外,其余线路均铺设无碴轨道。线路经行地区地形平坦开阔，海拔高程40.0m左右逐步下降至0.5m左右。其中：北京至永乐间为冲、洪积平原，地势由西北向东南缓倾。TheprojectstartswiththeperipheryofBeijingsouthstationDK0+900,andendwithTianjinstationDK115+730.71,with115.2kmspans(include:Beijingsection48.397km,Tianjinsection65.607km).Therearefivestationslayupontheallrailway,Beijingsouthstation,Yizhuangstation,Yonglestation,WuqingstationandTianjinstation,etc.BeijingsouthstationandTianjinstationastwooriginatorsofintercityrailtransit,andYizhuangstation,YonglestationandWuqingstationasenroutestations.Themaintrackisallsubgradeandembankmentinsoftsoil,besidesbridgespans101km,occupyapercentoftheallwayis88%;subgradespans14.2km,occupyapercentoftheallwayis12%,ballast-lesstracklayoutalllineexceptTianjinstation.Theareaforlinerunningisflatandwide,theheightstepfallfromaround40.0mtoaround0.5m.Thereinto:Beijing-Yonglesectionisalluvium-plain,thephysiognomyslowinclinedirectfromnorthwesttosoutheast.新建铁路京津城际轨道交通工程建筑安装工程费第一监理标段约30亿元,第二监理标段约40亿元。本监理标段属新建铁路京津城际轨道交通工程第一监理标段，其范围为北京南站（不含）DK0+900～DK50+124内的建安工程（含亦庄车站、永乐车站，本里程范围内的房建工程、制梁工程、扶壁式挡墙、路基、桥涵、轨道、四电工程及其它附属工程），工程建设工期预计36个月（含联合调试期6个月），计划于2008年8月1日开通。Thefirstlotconstructioninstallation’scostfornewJing-JinintercityrailtransitprojectisaboutthreebillionsYuan,thesecondlotisaboutfourbillionsYuan.ThissupervisionlotbelongstothefirstlotofnewJing-Jinintercityrailtransitproject,withintherangeoftheperipheryBeijingsouthstationDK0+900~DK50+124constructionengineering,thetimelimitforprojectconstructioninestimateis36months(containsunitedebugperiodfor6months),thelinewouldruninAug,1st,2008inplanning.本监理标段主要工程有：亦庄、永乐两个车站，特大桥3座41523.6延米，其中跨北京环线特大桥15.6KM,凉水河特大桥21.56KM,杨村特大桥4.37KM,路基工程、制梁及铺架工程、四电工程。Thesupervisionlotmainlycontains:Yizhuangstationproject,Yonglestationproject,threeextralongbridges45233.6linear-meters,Beijinglooplineextralongbridge15.6km,Liangshuiheextralongelevatedstructurebridge21.56km,Yangcunextralongbridge4.37km,subgradeproject,bridgemanufactureprojectandpowersupply&communication&signal&overheadcontactlineequipmentproject.1.1开工必备的资料Dataneededforstartingthework如需开工，必须提供以下资料：Forthestartoftheproject,followingdatashouldbesupplied:（1）业主提供资料Datasuppliedbytheowner设计文件；Designdocument,施工单位的投标文件；Tenderdocumentofconstructioncompanies,业主提供的其它相关文件。Otherdatasuppliedbytheowner.（2）监理提供资料Datasuppliedbythesupervision监理合同；Supervisioncontract,管理程序；Managementprocedures,监理规划；Supervisionplan,业主对施工监理要求的其它资料。Otherdataandinformationrequiredbytheowner.（3）建设规范、标准Constructionnormandstandard该工程采用的国家和铁道部或委员会颁布的主要行业标准、规范和规章：Mainstandards,normsandregulationsissuedbytheStateandrelevantministriesorcommittees,citedbytheproject:GB/T19000《质量管理和质量控制等系列标准》-GB/T19000qualitymanagementandqualitycontrolseriesstandard《高速铁路各工程的施工和验收规范》（未定）-Constructionandacceptancenormsofeverysubjectofhigh-speedrailway(undetermined)《铁路路基施工规范》（TB10202-2002，J161-2002）-ConstructionCodeofRailwaysubgrade(TB10202—2002,J161—2002)《铁路路基工程施工质量验收标准》（TB10414-2003，J285-1004）-Acceptancestandardofconstructionqualityofrailwaysubgradeengineering(TB10414-2003,J285-1004)《钢筋混凝土工程的施工和验收规范》（GBJ240-83）-Constructionandacceptancenormsofreinforcedconcreteengineering(GBJ240-83)《桥梁和铁路涵洞施工规范》（TB10203-2002，J162-2002）-Constructionnormofbridgeandculvertofrailway(TB10203—2002，J162—2002)《铁路施工质量和铁路涵洞验收标准》（TB10415-2003，J286-2004）-Acceptanceofstandardofconstructionqualityofbridgeandculvertofrailway(TB10415—2003,J286—2004)《地基施工和验收标准》（GBJ202-83）-Constructionandacceptancenormsoffoundation(GBJ202－83)中华人民共和国，铁道部和委员会颁布的相关规范和标准；-OthernormsandstandardsissuedbytheStateofChina,ministriesandcommittees其它相关的施工规范和标准。-Otherconstructionrelatednormsandstandards（4）工程的基本资料Basicdataoftheproject工程项目名称Projectname:工程项目地点ProjectLocation:1.2.工程的技术特征Technicalfeaturesoftheproject线路第一标段长度约49.224千米（双线），主要工程规模如下：Lengthofmainline,Section1isabout49.224km(doubletrack).Mainvolumesofengineeringworks:NumberTypeofconstructionUnitProjectQuantity工程数量Notes备注1Stations车站个32Piles梁No2Bridge桥梁km座4Subgrade路基km5Slopeprotection防护㎡6Buildingarea建筑面积㎡7Earthworkm38Reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土方量m39Aquisitionedland征地面积㎡10Removedbuilding房屋拆迁㎡11Temporarylandacquisition(forconstruction施工临时用地㎡12Removedinfrastructurefacilities(pipesandcables)管线拆迁m1.3.工程投资Investmentoftheproject京津城际轨道交通线路DK0+900-D50+124段站前工程投资约InvestmentofSection1ofBeijing-TianjinIntercityTransitRailProject,DK0+900-D50+124,isaboutRMB….billion1.4设计及施工承包单位名称Designerandcontractor京津城际轨道交通线路第一标段的设计单位：铁四院DesignerofSection1ofBeijing-TianjinIntercityRailProject:FSDI施工单位：中铁第Contractor:BureauNo2&6ofChinaRailway2、监理范围Rangeofsupervisionwork根据《监理合同》，业主委托监理单位对施工承包单位在施工质量、建设工期和建设资金使用等方面，代表建设单位实施监督、管理。TheownerhasconsignedsupervisionJVtosuperviseandmanageinconstructionquality,constructionschedule,fundusage,etc.oftheconstructioncompaniesonbehalfoftheowner.监理联合体对京津城际高铁客运专线的监理范围：第一标段起讫里程为DK0+900-D50+124，总长49.224千米的站前工程的施工任务。从施工准备到工程保修结束的土建、设备及安装工程的全过程施工监理工程。SupervisionrangeofSino-GermanyIntegratedSupervisionJVofPassengerDedicatedRailwayLineBeijing–Tianjin,Section1:DK0+900~DK50+124withatotallengthof49.224Kmhigh-speedrailwaylineconstruction,wholesupervisionfromconstructionpreparationtomaintenanceaftercompletion,includingcivilengineeringandequipmentinstallation.根据《监理合同》，本工程监理阶段分为：施工准备阶段、施工阶段、保修阶段。InaccordancewithSupervisionContract,thissupervisioncanbedividedintothreestages:constructionpreparationstage,constructionstage,maintenancestage.第一监理标段监理工作范围：北京南站（不含）DK0+900～DK50+124内的建安工程（含亦庄车站、永乐车站、本里程范围内的房建工程、制梁工程、扶壁式挡墙、路基、桥涵、轨道、四电工程及其它附属工程）。包括工程的施工准备，施工过程，联合调试及试运行，缺陷责任期的全过程的监理。Theworkboundofthefirstsupervisionlot:theperipheryofBeijingsouthstationDK0+900~DK50+124constructionproject(contains:YizhuangstationandYonglestation,buildingproject,girdermanufactureproject,retainingwall,subgrade,bridgeandculvert,trackandpowersupply,telecommunication,signaling&overheadcontactlineequipmentproject,alsootherauxiliaryprojects).Italsocontainsthepreparationforconstruction,constructionschedule,testsectionandtestrunning,thewholecourseforsupervisinginthetourofbugduty.联合体项目部负责本标段工程建设全过程的监理工作，对整个标段监理工作负管理、协调、监督责任；负责对本标段工程质量、安全、进度、投资控制工作，职业健康、环保水保管理工作；负责施工图现场核对；审核实施性施工组织设计、关键技术方案、施工安全质量措施及变更设计等，并提出合理化建议；对采用的新工艺、新材料、新技术、新设备等提出意见；参与联合调试工作。ProjectJVisresponsibleforthewholecourseforsupervisinginthisconstructionlot,managementandharmonizationofsupervisiontaskoftheentireSection1.JVisresponsiblefortheSection1projectquality,safety,schedule,investment,controlemployment,professionhealthiness,environmentandwaterprotectionmanagement;JVisalsoresponsibleforcheckingthesiteshopdrawing,constructionorganizationdesign,keytechnicsblueprint,theconstructionsafetyandapplicationofdesignchanges,proposesrationalization;suggestthenewtechnics,newmaterial,newtechnology,newfacilitiesandsoon,takepartinunitedebugemployment.监理人严格按《铁路建设工程监理规范》（TB10402—2003）、现行的铁路工程建设标准、规范、规程及相关文件、业主有关监理的工作要求开展监理工作。StrictlyapplyingtheSupervisioncodeofrailwayconstructionengineering(TB10402-2003),activatethestandard,thecriterion,therulesandauxiliarydocumentsofrailwayconstructionengineering,owner’srequirements,anddevelopsthesupervisiontask.3、监理工作目标Aimforsupervisionwork3.1.“三控制”目标“ThreeControl”Aim3.1.1质量控制目标ProjectQualitycontrol工程质量总目标：建成我国客专线示范线、精品线，达到世界一流的工程质量。工程质量分项目标如下:Generalaimisprojectquality:Setupanationalpassengertransportspecialrailwaylineasexampleandsuper-excellencelinewhichreachthehigh-classqualityinternationally.Sub-aimofprojectqualitylistsasfollows:1）杜绝设计、施工的重大质量事故。Strictlypreventthedesignandtheconstructionworkfromfatalaccident.2）单位工程一次验收合格率达到100%。Therateofwhichtheprojectunitschecksandacceptuptogradeonetimeonlyreaches100%.3）一次开通成功，基础设施达到设计速度目标值的要求。Succeedinrunningonceandbasicapparatusreachestherequirementofthedesignspeedtargetvalue.4）竣工文件做到真实可靠，齐全整洁，实现一次交验合格。Succeedinrunningonceandbasicapparatusreachestherequirementofthedesignspeedtargetvalue.3.1.2进度控制目标Schedulecontrol本标段重点工程以施工承包合同工期为控制目标，站前工程于2007年9月15日完工，确保2008年8月1日开通。Theaimtocontrolofimportantprojectforthelotisworkcontractconstructiontimelimitforaprojectinworkcontract,andserviceandpreparationprojectwouldcompleteinSep,15th,2007.InsurebeopentotrafficinAug,1st,2008.3.1.3投资控制目标Investmentcontrol控制在铁道部批准的设计概算范围内，确保不突破。Insureitbecontrolledintherangeofthedesign’sbudgetary-estimatewhichisapprovedbyTheRailwayDepartment.3.2.“两管理”目标“TwoManagement”Aim3.2.1合同管理目标：Contractmanagement:在合同的授权范围内，督促业主与承包人全面履行合同，公正地处理工程变更、延期、索赔等合同管理事宜，维护业主、承包人的合法权益，保证合同正常执行。Withintherangeofcontractauthorization,supervisingandurgingownerandcontractorcarryingoutthecontract,andfairtreatwiththecontractmanagementwhichcontainstheengineeringmodification,thedeferment,counterclaim,andsoon.Therearealsotheresponsibilitiesthatvindicatetheownerandcontractor’slicitrightsandinterests,ensurethecontractperforminguptosnuff.3.2.2信息管理目标：Informationmanagement:通过对工程的项目施工监理过程中各类信息的采集、加工和处理，为监理工程师决策提供依据，做到办事有要求，验收有数据，变更有指令，计量支付有凭证。Accordingtothedata’scollection,processingandtransactinginthecourseofsupervisingtheprojectconstruction,supplyingsupervisorgistfordecision.Weneedrequirementforwork,dataforcheckingandaccepting,dictateforalterationandwarrantforpayment.3.3、“一协调”目标“OneHarmonization”Aim在合同授权范围内协调双方合同关系，及时避免或减少合同履行中产生的争议或纠纷，以“弄清事实、分清是非、明确责任、适用条款”为前提，坚持协商为主、调解优先的原则处理争议或纠纷。Harmonizingtherelationshipbetweenthedoubleofcontractintherangeofauthorization,avoidingorreducingthedisputedandbotherduringthecontractisperforming,withcooperationandintermediationasthefirstinbothering.3.4安全控制目标SafetyControlAim实现“四无、一杜绝、一控制、一达标”的目标。“四无”：无职工因工死亡事故、无重大交通责任事故、无重大火灾事故及无机破事故。Nohumanlifelooseduringwork,Nofataltrafficaccident;Nofatalfireaccident;Nofacilityexplosionaccident.“一杜绝”：杜绝行车和人身安全的重大、大事故及行车险性事故的发生。Preventtheaccidentduringoperationandofpersonnel.“一控制”：职工年重伤频率控制在0.5‰以下。Thefatalbodilyharmofpersonnelmustbecontrolledbelow0.05%.“一达标”：安全生产达国标。Toachievenationalstandard.3.4.1.监理工作包括审核、检查并改进承包单位的安全管理制度：Supervisionreviews,checksandimprovesthesafetymanagementsystemofcontractorscomprising:安全管理制度建立；Safetymanagementsystemmustbeestablished;施工组织设计中必须制定分项工程的安全操作细则，并向施工作业人员交底；Safetyoperationdetailedrulesforeverysubjectmustbeimplementedinconstructionanddesignorganizationsanddistributedtoconstructionworkers.施工人员须参加相应等级的安全培训；Workmanmustpasstheadequatelevelofsafetytraining,施工人员未经参加安全培训并取得资格者不得上岗。Workmanisnotallowedtobeondutywithoutapermit,coveringtheirsafety-training;3.4.2.施工现场安全管理体系应包括：Safetymanagementsystemofconstructionsitesincludes:油库设置Oildepotstorageequipment,通讯设备存放Storingofsignalequipment,易燃易爆材料存放Storingofflammableandexplosivematerials,消防管理Firecontrolmanagementsystem,恶劣天气防止Managementsystemunderextremeweatherconditions.3.4.3.根据基本安全规则及制造商指导进行的施工机械使用及技术安全状况检查Usageofconstructionmachinesinaccordancewiththebasicsafetyrulesandrecommendationsoftheproducer.3.4.4.对施工单位作业过程进行安全检查Safetyrelatedcheckofthecontractor’sconstructionprocess.3.5环境保护目标EnvironmentProtectionAim建设绿色铁路通道，保护周边生态环境，将工程施工对环境的影响尽量减至最小，全面达到京津城际轨道交通铁路建设环保要求。Constructgreenrailtransit,protectenvironmentfromengineeringeffectandreachtheenvironmentalrequirementofJing-Jinintercityrailtransitprojectconstruction.监理方应根据规章制度发布口令或通过现场控制对承包单位的环保措施进行管理。主要环保措施应涉及施工过程中对水源和土壤的保护。任何不符合环保要求的施工作业将不获认可和批准。任何违反或忽视环保法令的行为将上报给业主。Tocontrolcontractor’senvironmentprotectionmeasuresaccordingtoregulationthroughsupervisionordersandsitecontrol.Mainmeasuresofenvironmentprotectionrefertowaterandsoilconservationduringtheconstruction.Theworksnotsatisfyingtheenvironmentprotectionrequirements,concerningwaterandsoilconservation,willnotbeacceptedandapproved.Brakingordisregardingtheenvironmentalprotectionruleswillbereportedtotheowner.涉及以下条款的作业将被严格控制：Withinthistaskthefollowingshouldbecontrolled:长期或暂时施工对环境造成的影响Influenceofpermanentandtemporaryconstructiononenvironment,施工对水资源造成的影响Influenceofconstructiononwaterresources使用过后取土场和弃土场的恢复Soilborrowpitsanddiscardingsoilyardrehabilitationafteruse.污水处理Disposalofpollutedwater.施工场地的环境保护Environmentalprotectionoftheconstructionyard.3.5.1.施工现场周围水系的恢复Rehabilitationofriversaroundtheconstructionsite.3.5.2.施工影响区的恢复Rehabilitationoftheareasinfluencedbyconstruction.3.5.3.混凝土混合站的环境保护Environmentalprotectionofconcretebatchplant.3.5.4改良土施工过程中的环保措施Environmentprotectionmeasuresduringimprovedsoilconstruction4桥梁钻孔桩基础Thefoundationofbridgecast-in-placepile4.1桥梁钻孔桩基础施工准备的监理Thesupervisionforbridgecast-in-placepileinpreparation4.1.14.1.1.1熟悉铁路客运专线桥梁施工、质量验评规范，主要有：Befamiliarwiththebridgeconstructionandqualitycheckspecificationforpassengertransportspecialline(PDL)☆《客运专线铁路桥涵工程施工技术指南》“TheconstructiontechnologyguidetoPDL”☆《客运专线铁路桥涵工程施工质量验收暂行标准》“Thebridgeandculvertchecktemporary-standardforPDL”☆《客运专线高性能混凝土暂行技术条件》“Thetemporarytechnical-conditionforhigh-poweredconcrete”☆《铁路混凝土工程施工质量验收补充标准》“Theauxiliarystandardforcheckingtheconcreteprojectquality”☆《铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工规范》（TB10210）“Theconstructioncriterionforconcreteandpavingproject”(TB10210)4.1.1.2熟悉本工程项目建设单位拟定的有关规定及各种报表文件。F4.1.1.3建立监理工作各项制度，使监理工作程序化、标准化、规范化。4.1.1.4建立监理项目贯彻ISO9002标准的运行体系，并建立贯标岗位责任制。Establishpracticesystem4.1.1.5学习了解信息管理系统。4.1.2对施工单位施工准备工作的监理。supervisethepreparationforconstruction4.1.2.1参与设计与施工单位的交桩工作，审查施工单位制定的测量方案，督促施工单位做好复测、放线、桩点保护等工作。Takepartin4.1.2.2督促施工单位编写施工组织设计方案，并对施工组织设计进行审查，提出审查意见，由施工单位修改完善。Superviseandurgeconstructionunit4.1.2.3参加设计单位向施工单位进行的技术交底。Thedesignunitstellconstructionunitstheirrealintentionsoftechnology.4.1.2.4检查施工单位场地平整、道路硬化、临时工程修建、障碍物拆除、管线改移等工作。Checktheworklikegroundunknit,roadrigidification,temporaryprojectbuild,barrierbackout,pipe-linetransferring4.1.2.5要求施工单位对进场施工机械、设备、工具等进行报验，检查其是否齐全、合格、完好，是否有设备维护保养计划，检查机械操作人员的上岗证。Thelistofenter-sitemachines,facilitiesandtoolsshallbesubmitted,checkwhethertheyarecomplete,eligibleandwhole,andhavethemaintainplanforfacilitiesornot,checkthe4.1.2.6检查施工单位工地试验室，要求具有试验室临时资质，有一名中级职称以上试验工程师作为试验室负责人，仪器经质监站标定。Checkthesitelaboratory4.1.2.7要求施工单位对进场的水泥、钢筋、砂、石等主要原材料按验标规定进行检验，监理单位按施工单位抽样数量20%见证检验或10%平行检验。严格检查出厂合格证及质量证明文件等有关资料。Requiretheconstructionunittocheckthemainmateriallikescement,rebar,ballastandstonebasedonstandardregulation;thequantityofsampleis20%aswitness-verification4.1.2.8检查施工单位混凝土配合比和砂浆配合比的试验，要求科学合理、有利质量、与原材料相符。Checkthematchratiobetweenconcreteandmortartestholdbyconstructionunit,requirethatitisscientific,reasonable,begoodfor4.2钻孔桩施工过程的监理Supervisionforthecast-in-placepileconstructionprocess4.2.1准备工作●钻孔前应按设计桩位置埋置坚实稳定不漏水的护筒，护筒顶应高出施工水位或地下水位2.0m，并高出施工地面0.3m，护筒顶面中心与设计桩位偏差不得大于5cm。倾斜度不得大于1%。Thesteadyandwatertightcasingshallbeburiedandinstalledinpositionofpilebeforedrillingthehole,andthetopofcasingshallbe2.0metershighabovetheleveloftheconstructionorgroundwater,0.3metershighaboveconstructionground;Thewarpbetweencentre-pointofcasingtopanddesignpositionofpileshallbelessthan5centimeters.Gradientshallbelessthan1%.●试桩按设计要求及有关规定进行。Thetestforinstallingpileshallbeperformedaccordingtorelativeregulations4.2.2钻孔Drilling钻孔时应按下列要求进行：Therequirementfordrillinglistbelow:●安装钻机时底架要平、要稳。钻头和钻杆中心对准护筒顶面中心，偏差不得大于5cm。Theunderframeshallbeplaneandsteadywhenthedrillsareinstalled.Theaiguille’sanddrillpipe’scentrepointaimsatthecenterpointofcasingindesign,andthewarpshallbelessthan5centimeters.●钻孔时钻杆（或吊绳）要保持垂直（随时用线铊检查），避免钻孔倾斜。成孔时孔位中心偏差不得大于10cm；倾斜度不得大于1%孔深。Drillpipeneedkeepvertical(checkedbyplumbatanymoment)whendrill,avoiddrillingaskew.Thewarpbetweenthecenterofcompletiveholeandstandardshallbelessthan10centimeters,andgradientshalllessthanonepercentofthehole-depth.●钻孔时应严防发生坍孔、缩颈、弯孔、卡钻、掉钻等事故。Theaccidentslikecollapse,shrinking,bend,block,fallaiguillesandsoon,itisprohibitedstrictly.●出现事故，应及时处理并予记录。严重时应会同有关单位共同研究解决，不得隐瞒。Theaccidentmustbetreatedandrecorded.Thrashouttheaccidentwithrelativecompanywhenitissevere,nohiding.●钻孔应一次成孔，不得中途停顿。并及时填写钻孔记录。Theholeshallbeaccomplishedoncetime,nohaltinperiod.Fillthereportfordrillingintime.4.2.3清孔●钻孔至设计高程经检查后，应立即进行清孔。检测沉碴厚度。灌注水下混凝土前容许沉碴厚度为：Aftereverythinglikesdrillandheightindesignischecked,theholeshallbecleanedatonce,checkthethicknessofballast.Beforecastingtheconcrete,thicknessofballastis:●柱桩不大于5cm，磨擦桩不大于20cm。Ofcolumnpileless5centimeters,andfrictionpilelessthan20centimeters.●清孔后应即抓紧吊放钢筋笼及灌注水下混凝土，隔时过久，应复查沉碴厚度，超过规定应重新清孔。Aftercleaningthehole,therebargabionshallbesuspendedandplaced,andconcreteshallbegroutedatonce.Iftheintervalistoolong,thethicknessofballastwillberechecked,anditneedscleaningagainwhenthicknessexceedsthestandard.●钢筋笼宜整体吊放。分段吊放时，上下段必须焊接顺直，安装后应定位牢固，以免灌注时产生下沉和上浮现象，钢笼筋骨架制作允许偏差符合相关规定。Rebar-gabionhadbetterbesuspendedandplacedwhole.Theupsideanddownsidemustbeweldedsmoothlyandstraightwhenpartsofrebar-gabionaresuspendedandplacedrespectively,rivettherebarfastenhardafterinstallation,avoidsubsidenceandunstableduringgrouting.Theallowablewarpofrebar-gabionproductionmustbecontrolledwithintheareaofrelativeregulation.4.2.4钢筋笼R●钢筋笼所用钢筋质量与制作应符合钢筋砼结构中有关质量要求和规定。所用接头均须焊接。Thequalityandtechnicsofrebarshallberequiredaccordingtotherelativestandardinreinforcedconcretestructure.Alloftie-inmustbewelded.●钢筋骨架允许偏差为：钢筋骨架长度±100mm，钢筋骨架直径±20mm，主筋间距±0.5d（d为主筋直径）。Allowablewarpofrebar-gabionproductionis:thelengthofrebarframework±100mm;diameterofrebarframework±20mm;thespacebetweenmainrebar±0.5d(“d”replacesdiameterofmainrebar)●钢筋笼宜整体吊放。分段吊放时，上下段必须焊接顺直。安装后应定位牢固（如焊接在钢护筒上），以免灌注时产生下沉或上浮现象。Rebar-gabionhadbetterbesuspendedandplacedwhole.Theupsideanddownsidemustbeweldedsmoothlyandstraightwhenpartsofrebar-gabionaresuspendedandplacedrespectively,rivettherebarfastenhardafterinstallation(forexample,itcanbeweldedwithsteelcasing),avoidsubsidenceandup-floatduringgrouting.4.2.5灌注水下混凝土G●水下混凝土质量、操作及检验标准应符合验标要求。水泥用量不宜少于350Kg/m³，当掺用外加剂时可酌予减少，但不得少于300Kg/m³。水泥的初凝时间不少于2h。陷度18~22cm，骨料宜用河砂、卵石，粗骨料粒径可采用1~4cm。Thestandardofunderwater-concretequality,groutingoperationandinspectionshallbeaccordwithcontractrequirement,thedosageofcementshallbe350Kg/m³atleast,300Kg/m³atleastwithmixing-additive,Thefirstcoagulate-timeofcementis2hoursatleast.Concavityofcementis18~22cm;gravelandscreeisusedascrushstone,anddiameterofcrushstoneis1~4cm.●柱桩在灌注水下混凝土前，应射水（或射风）冲射孔底3~5min翻动沉淀物，立即灌注水下混凝土，射水（风）压力应比孔底水压大0.05MPa。beforegroutingunderwater-cement,thesettlingshouldbeturnedoverfor3~5min(launchcurrentorairflow),andthenitshallgroutingunderwater-concreteatonce,thepressureoflaunchingcurrentmustbe0.05MPamorethantheoneatthebottomofhole.●灌注过程中应设专人经常测量导管埋入混凝土中深度（不得小于1m，并不宜大于3m）。灌注过程中如因导管漏水或拨出混凝土面，坍孔、机械故障、操作失误或其它原因，造成断桩事故，应予重钻或会同有关单位研究处理。Duringgrouting,itneedsthatsomebodysurveythedepthofpipewhichinsideconcrete(morethan1m,lessthan3m).iftheaccidentofintermittingpilehappenasaresultofpipe-leakageorpipecome-outfromconcrete,mechanicalfailure,mistakeofoperation,hole-collapseandotherreasonsduringgrouting,itshallbere-drilledortreatedwithrelativeunit.●水下混凝土灌注面应高出桩顶设计高程以上1.0m左右，以便清除浮碴，确保桩身质量。Thegroutingtopofunderwater-concretemust1.0mmoreorlessabovethetopofpileindesign.Cleantheunstableballasttomakesureofpilequality.●水下混凝土灌注时，必须坚持全程旁站，并督促施工单位做好详细施工记录。thewitnessshallbeheldallprocessofgroutingunderwater-concrete,andtheconstructionshallmakeadetailedreportforconstruction.4.2.6桩身质量检测桩的质量检测应符合下列规定：Qualitycheckforpileshallaccordwithstandardlistbelow:●每根桩作混凝土检查试件至少一组。onegroupoftest-pieceshallbecheckedatleastduringcheckingtheconcretequality.●结构重要或地质条件较差、桩长超过50m的桩或设计有要求者，可预埋3~4根超声波检测管对水下混凝土质量做超声波检测。必要时可适当加大检测管直径。threeorfourultrasonic-detector-pipecanbepre-buriedtocheckthequalityofunderwater-concreteifthestructureisimportantorgeologicalconditionisweak,thelengthofpilemorethan50moritisrequiredspeciallyindesign,thediameterofdetector-pipeshallbeincreasedsuitablewhenitneeds.●大桥、特大桥、地质条件较差或有抗震要求者，应对部分钻孔桩进行低应变动测法检测桩身混凝土质量，并符合现行《铁路工程基桩无损检测规程》（TB10218）的规定。SomeprojectsshalluseDynamicCheckMethodtoensureconcretequalityofpilebody,suchasbridgeproject,superbridgeproject,projectwithpoorgeological-conditionortheaseismaticrequirement,thecheckshallaccordwith“RegulationsForCheckingPileFoundation”(TB10218).●对质量有疑问的桩，应钻取桩身混凝土进行检测。Theconcreteshallbedrilledandtestedwhilepileshavepotential-trouble.●大桥和特大桥或结构需要控制的柱桩的桩底沉渣厚度，按设计要求进行钻孔取样检测。thedepthofbottomballastshallbesampling-testinbridgeproject,superbridgeprojectandframe-controlpile.4.3钻孔桩质量检验标准（如下表）Inspectionstandardforcast-in-placepilequality(Asfollows)钻孔桩质量检验标准检查项目质量标准检查规定备注要求值或容许误差质量要求频度方法混凝土抗压强度不小于设计要求符合施工技术规范2组/每根钻或每一工作班标养28天强度轴线偏位群桩<100mm1/每桩用经纬仪检查单排桩<50mm1/每桩用经纬仪检查倾斜度<1/1001/每桩用垂线检查孔深（m）不小于设计孔深符合验标要求1/每桩用测深锤检查钢筋骨架底面高程±50mm1/每桩尺量检查长度±1001/每桩尺量检查直径±201/每桩尺量检查主钢筋间距±0.5d1/每桩尺量检查d为主筋直径加劲筋间距±201/每桩尺量检查箍筋间距或螺距±201/每桩尺量检查垂直度1/1001/每桩尺量检查清孔后泥浆指标泥浆比重≯1.11/孔比重计粘度17~20s1/孔粘度计含沙量<2%1/孔含沙率测定仪沉淀厚度柱桩≯5cm磨擦桩≯20cm柱桩≯5cm磨擦桩20cm1/孔用测绳法孔径不小于设计直径1/每桩孔规（长>4~6d）d为桩径itemQualitystandardRegulationremarkAllowablewarpQualityrequirementsfrequencymethodStressintensityofconcreteRequirementindesignatleastAccordwithtechnicalregulation2/holeorwork-classStandard-maintainfor28daysOfaxes-lineGrouppile<100mm1/pileCheckedbytheodoliteLinepile<50mm1/pileCheckedbytheodolitegradient<1/1001/pileCheckedbytheodoliteDepthofhole（m）DepthindesignatleastContractcompliance1/pileCheckedbysounding-leadRebarframeUnderside-elevation±50mm1/pileSurveyedbyrulerlength±1001/pileSurveyedbyrulerdiameter±201/pileSurveyedbyrulerSpacebetweenmainrebar±0.5d1/pileSurveyedbyrulerd:diameterofmainrebarSpacebetweenauxiliaryrebar±201/pileSurveybyrulerSpacebetweenhoop±201/pileSurveybyrulerPlumb1/1001/pileSurveybyrulerSlurrydataaftercleaningholeRatiosofslurry≯1.11/holedensimetermucosity17~20s1/holeMucositySandiness-ratios<2%1/holeSandiness-ratios-surveyorThicknessofsedimentationPostpile≯5cmFrictionpile≯20cmPostpile≯5cmfrictionpile20cm1/holeLinemethodDiameterofholeDiameterindesign1/pileStandardofhole（length>4~6d）d:diameterofpileInspectionStandardForCast-in-placePileQuality4.4施工单位应提交以下资料：ThedatashallbesubmittedbyConstructionCompanylistbelow:4.4.1原材料、成品、半成品质量证明文件；Approvedquality-checkdocumentforrawmaterials,finishedproduct,semi-manufacturedgoods4.4.2原材料检验和试验报告；Rawmaterialscheck4.4.3施工记录、隐蔽工程检查验收记录和质量评定记录；Constructionreport,approvedinspectionreportforhiddenprojectandqualityassessedreport4.4.4混凝土强度、砂浆强度试件的试验报告；4.4.5变更设计或工程洽商记录；4.4.6开、竣工报告；Startingandcompletion4.4.7工程重大问题处理文件或会议纪要；Event-solvedreport4.4.8竣工图纸；Completion4.4.9工程总结。5、预应力混凝土Prestressconcrete5.1预应力混凝土梁施工准备的监理Supervisionforprestressconcretepreparationingirder5.1.1监理的准备工作Preparationsforsupervision5.1.1.1熟悉铁路桥梁施