101 英语高考“七选五”阅读理解真题详解1

【陕西省高中英语李胜文名师工作室出品】2020高考英语“七选五”阅读理解专项突破原创系列资料101英语高考“七选五”阅读理解真题详解12019年全国卷I【高考真题解题例析】为了让大家能把上面所提到的解题原则、方法和步骤能运用到具体的解题实践之中，下面以2019年英语高考全国卷I中的“七选五”阅读理解试题的解答为例来说明如何解题。项目卷别语篇类型主题语境标题阅读总量段落数与文本结构易读度题号考查技能句际关系设题类型与层次2019全国卷I说明文人与自我之生活与学习：呼吸新鲜空气和接近自然有利于身心健康有259+74=3334递进式结构70.536连接转折段落层次37同义+重复例证语篇层次38同义解释段落层次39同义递进段落层次40连接总分语篇层次2019年全国卷I无标题4段段递进式结构说明文259+74=333人与自我之生活与学习：呼吸新鲜空气和接近自然有利于身心健康【高考真题】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”

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Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.37Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情绪).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【语篇解析】IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?主题Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”

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Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.起引入主题总37Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情绪).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.airyou’rebreathingthenaturalworldandhealingthesun’srays,VitaminDhealthhealthhealth【解题过程】第一步，快速浏览文章与选项，判定语篇类型和主题语境。快速浏览文章的标题、首段和选项，关键信息“freshairisgood”会突显出来，再由首段最后一句可知文章标题中所提出的问题得到了回答，从而可以断定本文是说明文类语篇，主题语境是人与自我，主题语境内容是健康生活方式——呼吸新鲜空气和接近自然有利于身心健康。判定了语篇类型和主题语境内容后，这时要琢磨这样一篇说明文会以怎样的语篇结构说明新鲜空气有利于健康。第二步，逐段阅读，充分利用语篇文本结构、段落结构、上下文逻辑关系、句式结构、词汇衔接等来断定每空应填入的选项。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?主题Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”

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Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?起引入主题总37Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情绪).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.airyou’rebreathingthenaturalworldandhealingthesun’srays,VitaminDhealthairhealthGreeneryhealthsun’sraysandfreshairA.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.第一段首句引入文章话题，根据36空后一句中的“theanswer”可以断定36空应该是一个问句，选项中有两个问句，但由于答案是“YES”，可以断定前面是一个一般疑问句，可以排除B选项，E选项是一般疑问句，在语意上与文章的标题相对应，并且还用了一个“but”与前一句构成转折关系，所以36空选E选项。本空是段落层面的考查，解题时综合运用了篇章标题、段落内句子之间的逻辑关系、句子结构与标点符号、关键词等信息作出正确判断。读完第二段的内容，根据语篇关键信息词“freshair”和段落重现的信息词“breathe”可知本段主要说明了呼吸新鲜空气的好处是“allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain”，但是备选答案中没有与之相对应的选项，这时需要结合生活常识联想到肺是人体呼吸和供氧器官，从而能断定37空应填入A选项，只有肺里清洁，呼吸才能畅通无阻，才能让人充满活力。本空尽管设空在句首，但并不是对段落主旨句的考查，所填入的选项Freshaircleansourlungs与下文之间是程序上的先后关系，即呼吸新鲜空气——使肺得到清洁——吸入的氧进入肺之后到达肌肉和大脑，共同说明呼吸新鲜空气对人体的益处。本空是语篇层面的考查，解题时综合运用了关键信息词、生活常识、篇章结构和段落结构。第三段的首句提到了自然界与疾病痊愈之间关系的研究，句中的“healing”后一句中的“Intheseplaces”“patients”和“recovery”以及G选项中的“recoverycenters”和“HealingGardens”可以推断处38空应填入G选项，除了词汇重现和语意关联外，设空后一句中的“theseplaces”是对选项中“HealingGardens”的指代。本空是段落内句子层面的考查，上下文之间构成解说关系，解答本题时综合运用到了词汇衔接和指代。本段接下来的内容转到了亲近自然、观赏绿色植物对人的治愈作用，似乎偏离了文章的主题，但正是有了自然界中的绿色植物，才有新鲜的空气。读到本段的最后一句可知，本段后半部分一直在说明（病人）身处绿色自然界中的益处，根据39空的前一句和后一句可知，此处应该与身处绿色自然界中的益处有关，所以应填入C选项，说明在自然界中能让“我们”精神焕发。尽管本段后半部分的人称在“patients”和“we”之间跳转，但39空后一句中的“it”和“us”分别代C选项中的“Beinginnature”和“our”，39空后一句与选项C之间构成递进关系，进一步说明身处自然之中的益处。本空是段落内句子层面的考查，解题时综合运用到了指代、语意关联和句子之间的逻辑关系。读完第四段可知本段主要说明的是太阳光能提供有益人体的维生素D，似乎再次偏离文章的主题，但是仔细想一下，就会把新鲜空气与太阳光联系起来，户外有新鲜空气，户外呼吸新鲜空气就难免接受阳光照射，不过也有好处。根据设空后的内容与关键信息词“sun’srays”可知40空应填入D选项，说明呼吸新鲜空气的附带益处是晒太阳，选项中的“sunlight”与后一句中的“sun’srays”是同义表达，D选项与后一句构成总分和解说关系。本空是对语篇层面的考查，解题时综合运用到了主旨概括、同意表达和常识。第三步，将已确定的答案代入原文快速通读检查。在这一过程中，也可进一步理清文本的篇章和段落结构，确保答案正确无误。分析完解题过程后，来全面梳理一下语篇文本结构特征和解题时的思路。整个语篇围绕呼吸新鲜空气以及呼吸新鲜空气时接近自然有利于身心健康为主线展开说明，第一段点明主旨后，接下来的二、三、四段并没有像典型的说明文以平行并列的