考研英语真题1998年

考研英语真题1998年考研英语真题1998年考研英语真题1998年WORD格式整理版1998年PartⅠStructureandVocabularySectionADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]andChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus,[A]tohavecaught[B]tocatch[C]catching[D]havingcaught2.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.[A]needn'tdressup[B]didnotneedhavedressedup[C]didnotneeddressup[D]needn'thavedressedup3.IapologizeifI______you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.[A]offend[B]hadoffended[C]shouldhaveoffended[D]mighthaveoffended4.Althoughateenager,Fredcouldresist______whattodoandwhatnottodo.[A]tobetold[B]havingbeentold[C]beingtold[D]tohavebeentold5.Greatereffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage______avoided.[A]istobe[B]canbe[C]willbe[D]hasbeenDoingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue______itcomestoclassroomtests.[A]before[B]as[C]since[D]whenThereareover100nightschoolsinthecity,makingitpossibleforaprofessionaltobereeducatednomatter______hedoes.[A]how[B]where[C]what[D]when8.I'vekeptupafriendshipwithagirlwhomIwasatschool______twentyyearsago.[A]about[B]since[C]till[D]with9.Hewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,______insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.[A]beingconsidered[B]considering[C]tobeconsidered[D]havingconsidered10.______forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.[A]Haditnotbeen[B]Wereitnot[C]Beitnot[D]ShoulditnotbeSectionBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)AccordingtoDarwin,randomchangesthatenhanceaspecies'abilityforsurvivingarenaturallyselectedandpassedontosucceedinggenerations.A.aspecies'B.forsurvivingC.areD.tosucceedingNeitherrainnorsnowkeepsthepostmanfromdeliveringourletterswhichwesomuchlookforwardtoreceive.A.keepsB.whichC.somuchD.toreceiveIftheywillnotacceptacheck,weshallhavetopaythecash,thoughitwouldbemuchtroubleforbothsides.学习指导参照WORD格式整理版A.willnotacceptB.shallhaveC.thecashD.wouldbeHavingbeenrobbedoffeconomicimportance,thosestatesarenotlikelytocountforverymuchininternationalpoliticalterms.A.HavingbeenB.offC.notD.verymuchThemessagewillbethatneitherthemarketnorthegovernmentiscapableofdealingwithalloftheiruncontrollablepractices.A.willbeB.thatC.theirD.practices16.Thelogicofscientificdevelopmentissuchthatseparatesgroupsofmenworkingonthesameprobleminfar-scatteredlaboratoriesarelikelytoarriveatthesameansweratthesametime.A.suchB.separatesC.onD.far-scatteredYetnotalloftheseracesareintellectualinferiortotheEuropeanraces,andsomemayevenhaveafreshnessandvitalitythatcanrenewtheenergiesofmoreadvancedrace.A.intellectualinferiorB.andC.aD.energiesThemorethan50,000nuclearweaponsinthehandsofvariousnationstodayaremorethanampledestroyingeverycityintheworldseveraltimesover.A.TheB.morethanC.destroyingD.overTheuniverseworksinawaysofarremovefromwhatcommonsensewouldallowthatwordsofanykindmustnecessarilybeinadequatetoexplainit.A.removeB.wouldC.thatD.it20.Theintegrationofindependentstatescouldbestbebroughtaboutbyfirstcreatingacentralorganizationwithauthoritiesovertechnicaleconomictasks.A.couldbestbeB.firstC.withauthoritiesD.technicalSectionCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]andChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Themachineneedsacomplete______sinceithasbeeninuseforovertenyears.[A]amending[B]fitting[C]mending[D]renovating22.Thereweremanypeoplepresentandheappearedonlyforafewseconds,soIonlycaughta______ofhim.[A]glance[B]glimpse[C]look[D]sight23.Idon'tthinkit'swiseofyouto______yourgreaterknowledgeinfrontofthedirector,foritmayoffendhim.[A]showup[B]showout[C]showin[D]showoffThereturnsintheshort______maybesmall,butoveranumberofyearstheinvestmentwillbewellrepaid.[A]interval[B]range[C]span[D]termAthoroughstudyofbiologyrequires______withthepropertiesoftreesandplants,andthehabitofbirdsandbeasts.[A]acquisition[B]discrimination[C]curiosity[D]familiaritySheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswould______herlongeffort.[A]justify[B]testify[C]rectify[D]verify27.I'mverygladtoknowthatmybosshasgenerouslyagreedto______mydebtinreturn学习指导参照WORD格式整理版forcertainservices.[A]takeaway[B]cutout[C]writeoff[D]clearupSomejournalistsoftenoverstatethesituationsothattheirnewsmaycreateagreat______.[A]explosion[B]sensation[C]exaggeration[D]stimulationAccordingtowhatyouhavejustsaid,amItounderstandthathisnewpost______noresponsibilitywithitatall?[A]shoulders[B]possesses[C]carries[D]shares30.Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis______toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.[A]comment[B]reaction[C]impression[D]comprehension31.Please______yourselffromsmokingandspittinginpublicplaces,sincethelawforbidsthem.[A]restrain[B]hinder[C]restrict[D]prohibit32.Withouttelephoneitwouldbeimpossibleoncarryonthefunctionsof______everybusinessoperationinthewholecountry.[A]practically[B]preferably[C]precisely[D]presumably33.Preliminaryestimationputsthefigureataround$110billion,______file$160billionthePresidentisstrugglingtogetthroughtheCongress.[A]inproportionto[B]inreplyto[C]inrelationto[D]incontrastto34.Heisplanninganothertourabroad,yethispassportwill______attheendofthismonth.[A]expire[B]exceed[C]terminate[D]ceaseAlltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread______lettersfromtheirfamilies.[A]sentimental[B]affectionate[C]intimate[D]sensitiveSeveralinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto______,oratleastweaken,thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s,[A]revolt[B]revolve[C]reverse[D]revive37.Iwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolvedsomychoicewasquite______.[A]arbitrary[B]rational[C]mechanical[D]unpredictable38.Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepriceofvegetablesnolonger______accordingtotheweather.[A]altered[B]converted[C]fluctuated[D]modifiedThepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot______theirprospectofpromotion.[A]spur[B]further[C]induce[D]reinforceInwhat______toalastminutestayofexecution,acouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsatellites.[A]applies[B]accounts[C]attaches[D]amountsPartⅡGlozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterit;thebracketswithapencil.(10points)UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They,(41)thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe(42)学习指导参照WORD格式整理版man.Buttheyinsistedthatits(43)resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe(44)oftheEnglishpopulation.(45)contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla(46)agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.Thisview,(47)isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists(48)historyandeconomics,have(49)twothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was(50)bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.41.[A]admitted[B]believed[C]claimed[D]predicted42.[A]plain[B]average[C]mean[D]normal43.[A]momentary[B]prompt[C]instant[D]immediate44.[A]bulk[B]host[C]gross[D]magnitude45.[A]On[B]With[C]For[D]By46.[A]broadly[B]thoroughly[C]generally[D]completely47.[A]however[B]meanwhile[C]therefore[D]moreover48.[A]at[B]in[C]about[D]for49.[A]manifested[B]approved[C]shown[D]speculated50.[A]noted[B]impressed[C]labeled[D]markedPartⅢReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(40points)Passage1Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind'slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn'thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.Egypt'sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey'sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft--allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.Andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.Thisweek,intheheartofcivilizedEurope,SlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthestoopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheGzechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.Meanwhile,inIndia,theWorldBankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts,Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigation学习指导参照WORD格式整理版arepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon'tneedadamtobesaved.ThethirdsentenceofParagraph1impliesthat______.peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestorealitytheblindcouldbehappierthanthesightedover-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthingsfascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesightInParagraph5,"thepowerless"probablyrefersto______.[A]areasshortofelectricity[B]damswithoutpowerstations[C]poorcountriesaroundIndia[D]commonpeopleintheNarmadaDamarea53.Whatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?[A]Theybringinmorefertilesoil.[B]Theyhelpdefendthecountry.[C]Theystrengtheninternationalties.[D]Theyhaveuniversalcontrolofthewaters.54.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas______.[A]"It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk"[B]"Morehaste,lessspeed"[C]"Lookbeforeyouleap"[D]"Hewholaughslastlaughsbest"Passage2Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-87average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a"disjunction"betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace--allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing--areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.Twootherexplanationsaremomspeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyears,mayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBongPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch"re-engineering"hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost,Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO'sA1Rosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofm-engineeringconsultantsasmere学习指导参照WORD格式整理版rubbish--"theworstsortofambulance-cashing."55.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis______.[A]notasgoodasitseems[B]atitsturningpoint[C]muchbetterthanitseems[D]neartocompleterecovery56.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth______.[A]excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle[B]fallshortofbusinessmen'santicipation[C]meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople[D]failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomyTheauthorraisesthequestion"whataboutpainwithoutgain?"because______.[A]hequestionsthetruthof"nogainwithoutpain"[B]hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworkshewondersfftheofficialstatisticsaremisleadinghehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings,Passage3Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbriefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake'sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewtonTheschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics--butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked"antiscience"inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas"TheFlightfromScienceandReason,"heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and"ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,"whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademieswhohavequestionedscience'sobjectivity,Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview,Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareanti-science,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrtichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarning,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.学习指导参照WORD格式整理版Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless."Theterm'antiscience'canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,"notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science."Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthem-selvesasmoreenlightened."59.Theword"schism"(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans______.[A]confrontation[B]dissatisfaction[C]separation[D]contempt60.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento______.[A]discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience'spower[B]showtheauthor'ssympathywithscientists[C]explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops[D]exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities61.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofanti-science.The"moreenlightened"tendtotagothersasanti-science.Taggingenvironmentalistsas"anti-science"isjustifiable.62.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheissueof"sciencevs.anti-science"is______.[A]impartial[B]subjective[C]biased[D]puzzlingPassage4Emergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelopingmoreandmoreregionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.Thisdevelopment--anditsstrongimplicationsforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsaheadhasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica'smostdensely-populatedregionforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthenation'sheadcounting.Altogether,theUSpopulationroseinthe1970sby23.2millionpeople--numericallythethird-largestgrowtheverrecordedinasingledecade.Evenso,thatgainaddsuptoonly11.4percent,lowestinAmericanannualrecordsexceptfortheDepressionyears.AmericanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestinlargernumberssinceWorldWarⅡ,andthepatternstillprevails.Threesun-baitstates--Florida,TexasandCalifornia--togetherhadnearly10millionmorepeoplein1980thanadecadeearlier.Amonglargecities,SanDiegomovedfrom14thto8thandSanAntoniofrom15thto10th--withClevelandandWashingtonDC,droppingoutofthetop10.Notallthatshiftcanbeattributedtothemovementoutofthesnowbelt,censusofficialssay.Nonstopwavesofimmigrantsplayedarole,too--andsodidbiggercropsofbabiesasyesterday's"babyboom"generationreacheditschild-bearingyears.Moreover,demographersseethecontinuingshiftsouthandwestasjoinedbyarelatedbutnewerphenomenon:moreandmore,Americansapparentlyarelookingnotjustforplaceswithmorejobsbutwithfewerpeople,too.Someinstances:Regionally,theRockyMountainstatesreportedthemostrapidgrowthrate--37.1percentsince1970inavastareawithonly5percentoftheUSpopulation.Amongstates,NevadaandArizonagrewfastestofall:63.5and53.1percentrespectively.ExceptforFloridaandTexas,thetop10inrateofgrowthiscomposedofWesternstateswith7.5millionpeople--about9persquaremile.学习指导参照WORD格式整理版Theflightfromovercrowdednessaffectsthemigrationfromsnowbelttomorebearableclimates.Nowheredo1980censusstatisticsdramatizemoretheAmericansearchforspaciouslivingthanintheFarWest.There,Californiaadded3.7milliontoitspopulationinthe1970s,morethananyotherstate.Inthatdecade,however,largenumbersalsomigratedfromCalifornia,mostlytootherpartsoftheWest.Oftentheychose--andstillarechoosing--somewhatcolderclimatessuchasOregon,IdahoandAlaskainordertoescapesmog,crimeandotherplaguesofurbanizationintheGoldenState.Asaresult,California'sgrowthratedroppedduringthe1970s,to18.5percent--littlemorethantwothirdsthe1960sgrowthfigureandconsiderablybelowthatofotherWesternstates.Discernedfromtheperplexingpictureofpopulationgrowththe1980censusprovided,Americain1970s______.enjoyedthelowestnetgrowthofpopulationinhistorywitnessedasouthwesternshiftofpopulationunderwentanunparalleledperiodofpopulationgrowth[D]broughttoastandstillitspatternofmigrationsinceWorldWarⅡThecensusdistinguisheditselffrompreviousstudiesonpopulationmovementinthat______.itstressestheclimaticinfluenceonpopulationdistributionithighlightsthecontributionofcontinuouswavesofimmigrantsitrevealstheAmericans'newpursuitofspaciouslivingitelaboratesthedelayedeffectsofyesterday's"babyboom"Wecanseefromtheavailablestatisticsthat______.CaliforniawasoncethemostthinlypopulatedareainthewholeUSthetop10statesingrowthrateofpopulationwerealllocatedintheWestcitieswithbetterclimatesbenefitedunanimouslyfrommigrationArizonarankedsecondofallstatesinitsgrowthrateofpopulationTheword"demographers"(Line1,Paragraph7)mostprobablymeans______.[A]peopleinfavorofthetrendofdemocracy[B]advocatesofmigrationbetweenstates[C]scientistsengagedinthestudyofpopulation[D]conservativesclingingtooldpatternsoflifePassage5Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots,Unlikemostoftheworld'svolcanoes,theyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingplatesthatmakeuptheearth'ssurface;onthecontrary,manyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofaplate.Mostofthehotspotsmoveonlyslowly,andinsomecasesthemovementoftheplatespastthemhaslefttrailsofdeadvolcanoes.Thehotspotsandtheirvolcanictrailsaremilestonesthatmarkthepassageoftheplates.Thattheplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute.AfricaandSouthAmerica,forexample,aremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialisinjectedintotheseafloorbetweenthem.Thecomplementarycoastlinesandcertaingeologicalfeaturesthatseemtospantheoceanareremindersofwherethetwocontinentswereoncejoined.Therelativemotionoftheplatescarryingthesecontinentshasbeenconstructedindetail,butthemotionofoneplatewithrespecttoanothercannotreadilybetranslatedintomotionwithrespecttotheearth'sinterior.Itisnotpossibletodeterminewhetherbothcontinentsaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhether学习指导参照WORD格式整理版onecontinentisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Hotspots,anchoredinthedeeperlayersoftheearth,providethemeasuringinstrumentsneededtoresolvethequestion.FromananalysisofthehotspotpopulationitappearsthattheAfricanplateisstationaryandthatithasnotmovedduringthepast30millionyears.Thesignificanceofhotspotsisnotconfinedtotheirroleasaframeofreference.Itnowappearsthattheyalsohaveanimportantinfluenceonthegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,tilematerialrisingfromdeeperlayercreatesabroaddome.Asthedomegrows,itdevelopsdeedfissures(cracks);inatleastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirelyalongsomeofthesefissures,sothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thusjustasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinents,sohotspotsmayexplaintheirmutability(inconstancy).Theauthorbelievesthat______.themotionoftheplatescorrespondstothatoftheearth'sinteriorthegeologicaltheoryaboutdriftingplateshasbeenprovedtobetrusethehotspotsandtheplatesmoveslowlyinoppositedirectionsthemovementofhotspotsprovesthecontinentsaremovingapart68.ThatAfricaandSouthAmericawereoncejoinedcanbededucedfrontthefactthat______.thetwocontinentsarestillmovinginoppositedirectionstheyhavebeenfoundtosharecertaingeologicalfeaturestheAfricanplateshasbeenstablefor30millionyearsover100hotspotsarescatteredallaroundtheglobeThehotspottheorymay'proveusefulinexplaining______.thestructureoftheAfricanplatestherevivalofdeadvolcanoesthemobilityofthecontinentstheformationofnewoceansThepassageismainlyabout______.thefeaturesofvolcanicactivitiestheimportanceofthetheoryaboutdriftingplatethesignificanceofhotspotsingeophysicalstudiestheprocessoftheformationofvolcanoesPartⅣEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.fourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEETⅡ.(15points)Theywere,byfar,thelargestandmostdistantobjectsthatscientisthadeverdetected:astripatenormouscosmiccloudssome15billionlight-yearsfromearth.71Butevenmoreimportant,itwasfarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepast,forwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected;theUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration'sCosmicBackgroundExplorersatellite--Cobe--haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwiththeprimevalexplosionthathasbecomeknownastheBigBang(thetheorythattheuniverseoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassofenergy).72TheexistenceofthegiantcloudswasvirtuallyrequiredfortheBigBang,firstputforwardinthe1920s,tomaintainitsreignasthedominantexplanationofthecosmos.Accordingtothe学习指导参照WORD格式整理版theory,theuniverseburstintobeingasasubmicroscopic,unimaginabledenseknotofpureenergythatflewoutwardmalldirections,emittingradiationasitwent,condensingintoparticlesandthenintoatomsofgas.Overbillionsofyears,thegaswascompressedbygravityintogalaxies,stars,plantsandeventually,evenhumans.Cobeisdesignedtoseejustthebiggeststructures,butastronomerswouldliketoseemuchsmallerhotspotsaswell,theseedsoflocalobjectslikeclustersandsuperclustersofgalaxies.Theyshouldn'thavelongtowait.73Astrophysicistsworkingwithground-baseddetectorsattheSouthPoleandballoon-borneinstrumentsareclosinginonsuchstructures,andmayreporttheirfindingssoon.74Ifthesmallhotspotslookasexpected,thatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificidea.arefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory.Inflationsaysthatveryearlyon,theuniverseexpandedinsizebymorethanatrilliontrilliontrilliontrillionfoldinmuchlessthanasecond,propelledbyasortof'antigravity.75Oddthoughitsounds,cosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysics,andmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.PartⅤWritingDirections:A.Studythefollowingcartooncarefully'amtwriteanessayinnolessthan150words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEETⅡ.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow.Writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon.Giveyourcomments.[1998年]PartⅠStructureandVocabularySectionA．B[试题解析]本题观察非谓语动词的用法。[详尽解答]动词不定式和分词都可做名词的后置定语，但是不定式一般表示目的。所以，选项[B]为正确答案。．D[试题解析]本题观察need一词作神态动词时的用法。[详尽解答]当need做神态动词构成疑问句或否定句时，不用助动词do。所以可消除选项[B]和[C]。别的，当我们说sb.needn'thavedonesth．时，意思是某人已经做了原来不用做的某事。依据题意，我们知道“他们已经参加了家庭聚会”，所以选项[D]为正确答案。．B[试题解析]本题观察考生对虚假语气的掌握。学习指导参照WORD格式整理版[详尽解答]因为本题为虚假句，所以选项[A]不对；而由but分句中的时态可知事情是发生在过去，所以条件句应用过去完成时，应选项[B]为正确答案。4．C[试题解析]本题观察考生对非谓语动词和语态的掌握。[详尽解答]动词resist后接名词或动名词做宾语，又因为主语是动作的承受者，且动作“抗争”与“被见告”是同时发生的，应选项[C]为正确答案。．A[试题解析]本题观察考生关于betodosth．结构的掌握：[详尽解答]当betodosth，结构用于条件句时，意为“假如的话，假想”等。所以，依据题意，本题正确选项为[A]。．D[试题解析]本题观察连词when的用法。[详尽解答]本题四个选项中，只有连词when可用于whenitcomesto这一固定句式，意为“当谈到时”。．C[试题解析]本题观察考生对句子结构的掌握。[详尽解答]从句子结构上来看，此处需要的是动词does的宾语，而选项[A]、[B]和[D]都是副词，只有[C]what是连接代词，可做动词does的宾语，应选项[C]为正确答案。．D[试题解析]本题观察考生对句子结构及固定搭配的掌握。[详尽解答]从本句的四个选项来看，这是一个带介词的定语从句，也就是说定语从句的先行词是从句中某个介词的宾语。而bewithsb.atschool是固定搭配，意为“在学校与某人是同学”，所以选项为正确答案。．A[试题解析]本题观察考生对非谓语动词的掌握。[详尽解答]因为状语从句的主语与从句的主语都是he，从句可用分词结构代替；又因为此处主语是动作的承受者，分词应为被动式，应选项[A]为正确答案。．A[试题解析]本题观察考生对虚假语气的掌握。[详尽解答]在本句中，条件从句和主句表示的动作不一致，从句与此刻事实相反，而主句与过去事实相反。因为公众的投资发生在过去，而公司的繁荣倒是此刻的事情。所以，主句的虚假应与此刻事实相反，而从句的虚假却应与过去事实相反。故只有选项[A]为正确答案。SectionB11．答案B.改forsurviving为tosurvive[试题解析]本题观察非谓语动词的用法。[详尽解答]因为ability一词要求不定式做后置定语来修饰，故只有将forsurviving改为tosurvive。12．D，改receive为receiving。[试题解析]本题观察考生对固定搭配的掌握。[详尽解答]句中的lookforwardto是固定搭配，意为“期望”，而这里的to是介词，后边应接名词或动名词，故应将receive改为receiving，作介词to的宾语。13．C，改thecash为incash。[试题解析]本题观察考生对固定搭配的掌掘。[详尽解答]topayincash是固定搭配，意为“用现金支付”，故应将thecash改为incash。14．B，改off为of[试题解析]本题观察考生对固定搭配的掌握。学习指导参照WORD格式整理版[详尽解答]torobsb.ofsth.是固定搭配，意为“使丧失，(非法)剥夺”，故应将off改为of。15．C，改their为its。[试题解析]本题观察考生对句子结构的掌握。[详尽解答]neither．．．nor能否定连词，当它连接两个主语时，以后的谓语动词或代词要与第二个主语保持一致关系。这里的后一个主语是thegovernment，是单数形式，故以后的代词要与它保持一致。16．B，改separates为separate。[试题解析]本题观察考生对句子结构的掌握。[详尽解答]在such．．．that．，．结构中，that是连词，那么本句中的that不是从句的主语。separate在此不是一个动词，而是一个形容词，意为“分开的，隔断的”，故以后不可以加s。17.A，改intellectual为intellectually。[试题解析]本题是形容词和副词的误用。[详尽解答]本句中的inferior是形容词，应该由副词来修饰，故应将intellectual改为副词intellectually。18.C，应在destroying前加介词for。[试题解析]本题观察对固定搭配的掌握。[详尽解答]beampleforsth．或beamplefordoingsth．为固定搭配，意为“足以”。故必须在destroying前加介词for。19．A，改remove为removed。[试题解析]本题观察对句子结构的掌握。[详尽解答]从本句的结构来看，remove应为away的后置定语，故应将remove改为过去分词做定语。20．C，改authorities为authority。[试题解