中考英语二轮专题：形容词和副词

形容词和副词2020～2022年考情分析考点考查题型具体考查内容形容词(短语)、副词辨析完形填空(2022)45.moved，interested,tired,bored48.sadly,slowly，badly,carefully49.clean,small,terrible,popular50.difficult，sunny,short,cool(2021)42.simply,lightly,seriously，clearly43.right，kind,important,favorite50.past,future，recent,present(2020)41.wasboredof，wasrelaxedabout,wasexcitedabout,waspleasedwith43.popular，similar,strange,useful44.long,short，thick,thin45.silently,foolishly,carelessly,bably,hardly,nearly,completely形容词、副词的原级的用法语法选择(2022)35.success,successful,successfully36.hard，harder,thehardest(2021)40.excite,excited,excitedly，excitement短文填空(2022)70.5，000yearsago(2020)73.alittlemoney形容词、副词的比较级的用法语法选择(2020)34.good,better，best,thebest短文填空(2022)74.moreimportant(2020)75.morethan形容词、副词的最高级的用法语法选择(2021)31.longer,thelonger,longest,thelongest⊙架构梳理◆知识点形容词和副词的用法1．形容词的基本用法用法位置例句作定语放名词前作定语It'sawindydaytoday.作表语放在be动词(含look,sound,feel,smell等系动词)之后Heishappytoday.作宾补放在宾语后作宾语补足语，常与keep,make,find,feel等动词连用Hekeepshisbedroomclean.※知识拓展形容词的常用句型说明It's＋形容词＋for＋sb.＋动词不定式“做某事对某人来说……”，常用的形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,impossible等It's＋形容词＋of＋sb.＋动词不定式“某人(做某事)……是……的”，常用的形容词有：good,kind,nice,polite,clever,silly,lazy,careful,careless等主语＋be动词＋形容词＋不定式常用glad,pleased,sorry,sad,thankful等表示感情或情绪的形容词2.副词的基本用法位置例句修饰不及物动词时，放在不及物动词之后；修饰及物动词时，一般放在宾语后面Theboycriedloudlyoutside.Tinatakescareofthebabycarefully.修饰形容词，一般放在形容词之前(enough除外)Heisquitetallinhisclass.修饰副词，一般放在副词之前Herunsveryfast.修饰整个句子，位置比较灵活Unluckily,hefailedintheexamagain.注：enough修饰形容词时放在被修饰词后面。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.3．形容词变副词的规则规则例子在形容词词尾直接加-lyslow→slowly,quick→quickly,clear→clearly以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i，再加-lybusy→busily,angry→angrily,easy→easily以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-lyterrible→terribly,true→truly注：1.名词＋-ly构成形容词。如：friend→friendly,love→lovely2．有一部分形容词与副词同形(详见知识拓展)。※知识拓展常见的既可以作形容词又可以作副词的单词(形容词与副词同形)单词形容词副词单词形容词副词单词形容词副词early早的早；提前loud大声的大声地long长的；长时间的长久地late晚的迟；晚slow缓慢的缓慢地close近的；接近的接近地fast快的快地free自由的免费wide宽的充分地high高的高地alone单独的单独地still静止的仍然pretty漂亮的相当地left左边的向左far远的遥远地back后面的向后；回到；返回straight直的；笔直的直接；径直well健康的好地little幼小的很少enough足够的足够地hard坚硬的努力地direct直接的直接地deep深的深深地just公正的仅仅⊙实战训练(C)1.(2022•广东，语法选择35)WangYiyipassedthetestandbecameastudentofthatschool.A．success B．successfulC．successfully(C)2.(2022•广州，语法选择8)First,mydadtoldmetoreachintothetankandtakethehouseaway.A．care B．carefulC．carefully D．caring(C)3.(2022•绥化)Thespecialsintherestauranttasteandsell.Manycustomerscomehereonweekends.A．well;good B．good;goodC．good;well D．well;well◆知识点形容词、副词辨析这类考题要求考生首先确定各选项的含义，然后根据上下文语境，并运用自己的生活经验和知识积累，推测出考题要表达的意思，从而确定正确答案。1．常见的形容词归纳种类例子描述类difficult，fresh，full，future，important，long，normal，past，popular，present，public，quick，quiet，recent，short，simple，strange，true，terrible，weak，similar，useful情感情绪类angry，bored，crazy，interested，lonely，moved，nervous，proud，relaxed，satisfied，surprised，tired，worried人物性格类active，brave，friendly，honest，kind，patient，strict2.常见的以-ly结尾的副词ly副词含义ly副词含义ly副词含义ly副词含义actually事实上angrily生气地badly严重地beautifully美好地；漂亮地carefully谨慎地certainly无疑；当然cheaply便宜地clearly清楚地；清晰地crazily发狂地differently不同地comfortably舒服地completely彻底地early早easily容易地especially尤其exactly确切地excitedly兴奋地finally最后；最终gradually逐步地greatly非常；很happily高兴地heavily在很大程度上；大量地honestly诚实地immediately立即lastly最后lately最近；不久前lazily懒惰地loudly大声地luckily幸运地mostly主要地；通常nearly几乎nervously紧张地noisily吵闹地normally通常partly部分地patiently耐心地peacefully和平地politely礼貌地probably很可能properly正确地；恰当地proudly自豪地quietly安静地really真正地recently最近quickly很快地safely安全地sadly悲伤地seriously严肃地shyly害羞地simply仅仅；只slowly缓慢地softly温柔地suddenly突然truly真实地；确实widely广泛地wisely明智地3.常见的形容词、副词辨析词汇用法例句high和tallhigh常用于形容物高，即高出地面的距离；反义词是lowThetowerisveryhigh.tall常指人的身高或事物的长(高)度——从顶部到底部的距离；反义词是shortJaneis165cmtall.Thetreeis10meterstall.dead和dyingdead意为“死的；死气沉沉的”Themanhasbeendeadforfiveyears.dying意为“垂死的；临终的”Doctorsaretryingtosavethedyingpatient.续表词汇用法例句ill和sickill作“生病的”时，只能作表语，不能修饰名词Hisaunthasbeenillinbedforseveralyears.sick作“生病的”时，可以修饰名词，作定语Judyhastotakecareofthesickman.already,yet和stillalready意为“已经”，通常用于陈述句；用于疑问句时表示惊异、怀疑；不用于否定句Tomhasalreadyfinishedhiswork.yet意为“尚；仍然”，常用于否定句和疑问句Theyhaven'tgotthereyet.still表示“仍然，还”放于句中Doestheboystillstayinthehotel？instead和insteadofinstead只能单独使用，常位于句首或句尾Wehavenomilk,andlet'susewaterinstead.insteadof后接名词、动名词、代词或介词短语Youshoulddomoresportsinsteadofplayingcomputergames.(A)4.(2022•广东，完形填空45)“Peopleinthecommunitycametohelp.Theybroughtusfoodandoftencalledtomakesureweweredoingfine.Iwasdeeply，”Mollysaid.A．moved B．interestedC．tired D．bored(B)5.(2022•广东，完形填空48)Nooneknewaboutitatfirst.But，peoplegotintothehabitofcomingaround.A．sadly B．slowlyC．badly D．carefully(D)6.(2022•广东，完形填空49)Theywouldstopbyandleavewithsomevegetables.Molly'syardbecameaplace.A．clean B．smallC．terrible D．popular(A)7.(2022•广东，完形填空50)Molly'sfamilyhadahardtime.…OnethingMollyhaslearnedfromthisexperienceisthatpeoplehavetoworktogetherwhendaysare．A．difficult B．sunnyC．short D．cool(A)8.(2022•广州，完形填空20)“Yes!Great！”saidSam．A．excitedly B．carelesslyC．kindly D．sadly(B)9.(2022•广州，完形填空21)“Sure,youcan，”repliedMrWhite.“Thinkaboutit,Mike…”A．angrily B．patientlyC．secretly D．worriedly(D)10.(2022•广州，完形填空25)Fromthatdayon,Samwasneveraboutartclass.Heknewthathecouldpainthappiness,nomatterwhathepainted.A．careful B．certainC．happy D．nervous◆知识点形容词、副词的原级的用法结构含义例句A＋谓语动词＋as＋原级＋as＋B表示前后两者情况一样BillrunsasfastasJack.A＋谓语动词的否定式＋as/so＋原级＋as＋B表示前者不如后者Tomisn'tasstrongasJack.倍数＋as＋原级＋as表示倍数Theboxisfivetimesasbigasthatone.有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰形容词很，十分，非常；足够地Themonkeyisveryclever.(C)11.Theboyisashissister,soheneedstotakemoreexercise.A．astallas B．tallerthanC．notastallas D．thetallest(A)12.Generallyspeaking,theoldaren'tasastheyoung.A．healthy B．healthierC．healthiest D．thehealthiest(B)13.(2022•重庆二模)Mr.Liu'shouseisverylarge.Itismine.A．twicelarge B．twiceaslargeasC．astwicelarge D．aslargeastwice◆知识点形容词、副词的比较级的用法1．比较级与最高级的构成(1)规则变化用法例子单音节和少数双音节词一般情况比较级在词尾加-er，最高级在词尾加-esthigh→higher→highest以不发音字母e结尾，比较级直接加-r，最高级加-stsafe→safer→safest重读闭音节结尾的单词，双写辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-esthot→hotter→hottest辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，将y变为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-esteasy→easier→easiest多音节和部分双音节词一般情况比较级是在前面加more，最高级在前面加mostuseful→moreuseful→mostuseful少数以-er结尾的双音节词，其比较级和最高级也是分别加-er，-estclever→cleverer→cleverest(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestlittlelessleastbad/ill/badlyworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestmany/muchmoremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.形容词、副词的比较级的用法结构含义例句A＋谓语动词＋比较级＋than＋B表示“A比B更……”Iamolderthanmygoodfriend.比较级＋and＋比较级表示“越来越……”Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.the＋比较级，the＋比较级表示“越……，越……”Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryou'llbe.特殊疑问词＋谓语动词＋比较级，AorB？表示“哪个/谁更……”Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth？比较级＋thananyother＋名词单数比较级表达最高级意义Sheistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.比较级＋thantheother＋名词复数Sherunsfasterthantheothergirlsinherclass.※知识拓展常见的置于比较级前的修饰语：much，far，even，still，abit，alittle，alot。(B)14.(2022•广州，语法选择10)WhenItookmyhandoutofthewater,InoticedthatthewaterwasalotthanIthought.A．dirty B．dirtierC．dirtiest D．thedirtiest(C)15.(2022•鄂州)—Whichdoyoulike，ChineseorEnglish?—Chinese.A．good B．wellC．better D．best(C)16.(2022•铜仁)—UncleWang,couldyoutellmethesecretofyourgoodhealth?—Inmyview,vegetablesandmeat.A．less;less B．more;moreC．more;less D．less;more◆知识点形容词、副词的最高级的用法最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，表示在某一范围内或某类人或物中“最……”或“第几最……”。结构例句the＋最高级＋in/of短语Heisthetalleststudentinhisclass.oneofthe＋最高级＋名词复数Heisoneofthetallestboysinourclass.特殊疑问词＋谓语动词＋the＋最高级，A,BorC？Whorunsthefastest,Tom,JackorBill？序数词＋形容词的最高级Heisthesecondtallestinhisclass.(B)17.(2022•无锡)Oh,shesmiles!Shenods!Sheunderstands!We'vegotdogintheworld.A．acleverer B．thecleverestC．ashyer D．theshyest(B)18.(2022•毕节)Makingrobotsisoneofactivitiesamongstudents.Eachofthemhashisownrobot.A．morepopular B．themostpopularC．moredifficult D．themostdifficult(D)19.(2022•贵港)—Areyougoingtorideyourbiketothebeach?—Yes.It'sofall.A．convenient B．moreconvenientC．mostconvenient D．themostconvenient分层突破一、单项填空(B)1.(2022•连云港)Kitty,thesebooksareheavyforyoucarry.Letmehelpyou.A．as;as B．too;toC．such;that D．so;that(B)2.(2022•龙东)youare,mistakesyouwillmakeintheexam.A．Themorecarefully;thefewer B．Themorecareful;thefewerC．Thelesscareless;theless(A)3.(2022•达州)—Jessica,it'srainingoutside.—Oh,youshouldbewhenyoudrivetowork.A．hard;careful B．hardly;carefulC．hard;carefully D．hardly;carefully(B)4.(2022•北京)Aftertakingtennisclasses,Timismuchthanlastyear.A．strong B．strongerC．strongest D．thestrongest(C)5.—Mary'sChineseisn'tsoasLucy's.—Iknowthemverymuch.ButnowMarystudiesthanLucydoes.A．good;hard B．better;harderC．good;harder D．better;hard(A)6.(2022•泸州改编)Withahigh-speedtrainstationbuiltinLuzhou,itismuchforustotraveltoChengdu.A．easier B．easilierC．moreeasy D．moreeasily(B)7.(2022•徐州)Todayismuchthanyesterday.Nice!A．cool B．coolerC．coolest D．thecoolest(C)8.—IsJackoneofrunnersinyourclass?—Ofcourse！Andherunsmuchthananyotherstudent.A．fast；faster B．faster；fastC．thefastest；faster D．faster；thefastest二、语篇特训(五育并举之劳育)“Mom！”Ipointedatthecolorfulshoesatthestoreafewweeksago.“Thoseare1theonesIneed!CanIhavethem？”“Let'sseehowmuchtheyare，”saidMom.shoesIwanted!(B)1.A．hardly B．exactly C．usually D．probablyMyheartbrokewhenwesawtheprice—$100!IknewMomwouldneverbuythem.Autumnwassurelyhere.Thedaysweregetting2,andthel