50个你必须要知道的声音与音色术语（下篇）

50个你必须要知道的声⾳与⾳⾊术语（下篇）前⾔⽤⽂字去形容声⾳是件很抽象的事,⽐如这⾳⾊黏黏的(触觉)；这⾳⾊会喷出⼀道淡棕⾊的光芒(视觉)；有奶油的⾹味(嗅觉)。当然不是每个⼈都能通过⽂字有同感，但形容⾳⾊时⼈们还是会多⽤这些⾮听觉感官的形容词做诠释。不过希望下⾯这些术语的专有名词解释能为你节省⼀些收集整理的时间～26中频：定义为吉他中位絃所弹出的声⾳范围；⼀段给予⼒度到⾳⾊上的声⾳频谱。midrange:therangedefinedbythemiddlestringsoftheguitar;thepartofthesoundspectrumthatgivespunchtotone.27抹⾳：偶然拿来描述⼀把⽆琴格吉他的起初始敲击或起⾳；指介于起⾳⾳繁期与细緻震动嗡嗡声的⾳⾊。mwah:occasionallyusedtodescribetheinitialonsetorattackofafretlessbass;itisatonebetweenthebloomofthenoteandasubtlebuzz.(注：这是形容⽆琴格低⾳吉他发出特有⾳⾊的词，第⼀次看到，真有趣。俚语辞典是说，这有点像垂死的长颈⿅发出的声⾳，⼜⼤⼜长⼜⽑。)28有机的(?)：⾃然声响；没有明显的不平通，没有电⼦声。organic:naturalsounding;withoutanobviousimbalance;withoutelectronics.(注：叫RAW会不会⽐较好，有种未经处理的感觉。)29泛⾳：通常指从基⾳⾳调分离出的谐⾳含量之⾳⾊；有时候⽤来描述全部声⾳中不和谐或令⼈感到不舒服的⾳⾊。overtones:usuallydescribetheharmoniccontentofthenotes,separatefromthefundamental;sometimesusedtodescribedissonantorunpleasanttonesthatarepartofthetotalvoice.30打击声：通常指强烈的起⾳；在最近是指⿎类风格的打击乐器产⽣的⾳⾊。percussiveness:oftenassociatedwithastrongattack;morerecently,thetonegeneratedbystrikingtheinstrumentinthemannerofadrum.31似钢琴声的：⼤声响，有超清楚的基⾳和厚实的谐⾳；也与强烈，快速起⾳与长延⾳有关。piano-like:bigsounding,withboldharmonicsandasuperclearfundamental;alsoassociatedwithastrong,quickattackandlongsustain.32测⾳：⼀项乐器在邻近区域之后的⼀段距离能被乐⼿听到的能⼒。测⾳：⼀项乐器在邻近区域之后的⼀段距离能被乐⼿听到的能⼒。projection:theabilityofaninstrumenttobeheardatadistancebeyondtheimmediateareaoftheplayer.(注：这也是超饶⾆，)33切声(⽤⼒的按或击打)：强壮的中频与起⾳的组合。punch:thecombinationofstrongmidsandastrongattack.34共呜：物质的⾃然趋向对特定的频率产⽣共振。resonance:thenaturaltendencyofmaterialstovibrateatparticularfrequencies;thecolloquialtermtodescribethelivelinessofaninstrument,orthelackofit.35响应：谐波含量的组合以及乐⼿对吉他的感觉。response:acombinationoftheharmoniccontentandthewaytheguitarfeelstotheplayer.36丰富：拥有丰富谐波含量的⼀项乐器。rich:aninstrumentwithabundantharmoniccontent.37铃⾳：持续的清澈⾳⾊。rings:sustainswithclarity.38挖空(中频)：与平坦响应弧线做⽐较的话，⼀个被舀出的曲线在中频有较宽阔的舀空状。scooped:comparedtoaflatresponsecurve,ascoopedcurvehasabroaddipinthemidrangefrequencies.(注：看图就知道了，Google图⽚:EQ+Scooped)39分离：⾳与⾳之间的清澈度，被描绘成能听见个别⾳的能⼒。separation:theclaritybetweennotes,characterizedbytheabilitytoheareachnote.40微微发光的：⽐耀眼的声⾳还要有更多的⾼谐⾳，还有延展的更⾼频。shimmery:evenmorehighharmonicsthansparkly,andextendingtohigherfrequencies.41耀眼的：⼀堆独有的⾼谐⾳⾳调。sparkly:lotsofseparatehighharmonicsofthenotes.42延⾳：在初始起⾳及当⾳调达到最⼤声短暂区段之后的可听见⾳调时间长度。sustain:thelengthoftimethenoteisaudibleaftertheinitialattack,andthebriefperiodwhilethenoteisatitsloudest.(注：超饶⾆，请参见参考⽹站Attack的那张图，第三段就是延⾳时间。应该是想表达起⾳最⼤声后还有衰减期，到第三段维持⼀定⾳量才是延⾳。)43打⾳：敲打⼀⽚拿来做吉他⾯板与背板的预切⽊头，然后听它的⾳⾊；⽤来表达⼀把吉他的⾯板、背板，协助製琴师控制、增益，调整，或者⽤其它⽅式来改变吉他的声⾳。taptone:tappingapieceofwoodpre-cutforaguitarbackortopandlisteningforthetone;usedtovoiceaguitar’stopandback,helpingtheluthiertocontrol,enhance,adjust,orotherwisealterthevoiceofaguitar.44厚度：与个别⾳符有紧密关系的强劲谐⾳。thick:strongharmonicscloselyrelatedtotheindividualnotes.45⾳质：⼀个製造乐器全⾯⾳⾊特质的群组特性。例如，重低⾳，重⾼⾳，或良好的平衡。也许中频丰富或是呈现舀空状，⽽不同⽅⾯的谐波含量可能较其它种类持续更久。timbre:agroupofcharacteristicsthatcreatetheoveralltonalcharacteroftheinstrument.Overalltonalcharactermaybebassheavy,trebleheavy,orwellbalanced;themidrangemaybeprominentorscooped;variousaspectsoftheharmoniccontentmaysustainlongerthanothers.46⾳调升⾼与衰减时间：是指⼀张定义声⾳与振幅有关的极重要图表。⼀开始起⾳出现，花了⼏毫秒的上扬时间，接著衰减是从最⾼振幅⾄⾳调稳定延⾳前的极短暂区段，之后释放是指振幅迅速减弱到它听不到之前的区段。tonalriseanddecaytime:halfoftheschemebywhichasoundisdefinedwithrespecttoamplitude.Attackisfirst,risetimeisthefewmillisecondsimmediatelyafter,decayistheverybriefperiodfromthehighestamplitudetowhenthenotesettlesintoitssustainperiod,andreleaseistherapiddeclineinamplitudebeforeitbecomesinaudible.(注：在Decay的注释裡有⽹站连结可以看图。简单说，这个图表的X轴是时间，Y轴是振幅，⽤这两个关系可以画出起始时间→衰减时间→延⾳时间→释放时间。)47⾼⾳：⾼⾳弦的⾳调；⾼频。treble:thenotesontheupperstrings;theupperfrequencies.(注：泛指吉他第⼀、⼆弦的声⾳频率。)48声⾳(嗓⾳)：泛指⾳⾊、⾳质、⾳量、共呜，以及各种其它⽅⾯的吉他声⾳总称。voice:thetotalpackageofthetone,timbre,volume,resonance,andallotheraspectsoftheguitar’ssound.49⾳量：乐器的响度；被乐器主体封闭的曲调总量。volume:theloudnessofaninstrument;the