英语 2022届上海市闵行区高考一模英语试题

闵行区2021学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答题前，务必在答题纸规定的地方张贴条形码并填写准考证号和姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.Inarestaurant. B.Inahotel. C.Inapub. D.Inacoffeeshop.2. A.Hesuggestseatingout. B.Hedoesn’tlikethetalkshow. C.Heenjoysmakingdinner. D.Hepreferstohaveready-madefood.3. A.Writinganapplicationletter. B.Searchingforinformation. C.Havinganonlineinterview. D.Learninghigh-techknowledge.4. A.Checkingthebusinesshours. B.Makingacomplaint. C.Requiringfeesforarepair. D.Changinganitem.5. A.Itscolor. B.Itsmaterial. C.Itsstyle. D.Itsbrand.6. A.Noiseinawaitingroom. B.Facilitiesinahotel. C.Servicesinarestaurant. D.Environmentinacinema. 7. A.TheTVisn’tworthrepairing. B.Johnshouldgiveprioritytohisstudy. C.ShecangettheTVtoworkagain. D.SomeoneshouldhelpJohn.8. A.Hepreferstodosomethingelse. B.Heisthelastpersontoofferhelp.C.Heisquitelateforthedinnerparty. D.Hewilldoanythingtohelp.9. A.Theman’sspeechwaspersuasive. B.ThewomanmisunderstoodPhilip’stopic.C.Thewomanwaspuzzledbythespeech. D.Themanfailedtowinthespeechcontest.10.A.Sheiskeenonabstractpaintings. B.Sheisn’tabletoappreciatethepaintings.C.Shedoesn’tlikearthistoryclass. D.Shehasabettertasteofartthantheman.

SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.PeterEvans. B.JimCarson. C.GioSantos. D.KirenNadar.12. A.Frightened. B.Excited. C.Desperate. D.Quiet. 13. A.Hewonthegrandprizeoftheyear. B.Hetakespicturesofendangeredanimals. C.Heshotsimagesofcommoncreatures. D.Helovestoobserveanimalbehaviors.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14. A.Convenience. B.Flexibility. C.Lightweight. D.Security. 15. A.Apictureofthethief. B.Atextmessage.C.Thetrackofthethief. D.Avoicemessage.16. A.Distancealarm. B.GPStracking. C.Digitalpayment. D.Powersupply.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17. A.Hefoundthebestbudgethotelever. B.Heendedupatanunexpecteddestination.C.Helosthiswaytothebookedhotel. D.Ittookhimlongtofindthebookedhotel.18. A.Backgroundinformationisn’tnecessary. B.Informationshouldbemorevividlywritten.

C.Travelersdon’treadtheinformationcarefully. D.Informationshouldberevisedmoreoften. 19. A.

Becauseitallowshimtosavetimeandexpense.B.

Becausehecangetfreeadvicefromthelocalpeople.

C.

Becauseithelpshimdiscoversomeunusualthingstodo.

D.Becausehecanmeetmoretravelersandshareexperiences.20. A.Thelimitationofguidebooks. B.Theimportanceofguidebookusage. C.Howtochoosearightguidebook. D.Therealvalueoftraveling.

II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheUKgovernmentrecentlyhasmadeaplantoreducewastethatshiftstheresponsibilityfordisposal(处置)fromthestatetothecompaniesthatmakeit.Thelegislation(法律条文)requireswasteproducerstopayintothesystem(21)______orthroughtheirsuppliers.Thatis(22)______thegovernmentcalledaPolluterPaysPrinciple.Simply(23)______(state),thePolluterPaysPrincipleimpliesthatthecostsassociatedwithpollutionaretobepaidbypolluters,notbygovernmentorsociety.Businesseswillhavetochangetheirwasteprocessingbeforethetaxcomesintoeffect.Thisissimilartotheanti-wastelegislationpassedinFranceinFebruary2020(24)______forbidstheproducerstodestructtheunsoldclothing,cosmetics,andelectricalproducts.Companieswillhavetoreuseorrecycletheitems.ThedemandforlegislationlikethetoughattitudetheUK(25)______(take)hasbeenincreasingaccordingtoPositiveNews.Anditisnotjustenvironmentalgroupscallingforthechanges.Thisisaconsumerdrivenmovementandpeoplearewillingtopaymoreforsustainablebrands.Inthepastyearalone,salesofconsumergoodsfrombrandswithademonstratedcommitmenttosustainabilityhavegrownmorethan4%globally,(26)______thosewithoutgrewlessthan1%.Whatisabsolutelycertainisthatlocalgovernmentswillsavealotofmoneyastheresponsibilityshiftstothepolluters.Thatcouldbe(27)______(good)investedinthingslikesocialcareorparksorlibraries.Othercountrieshavealreadymadegreatprogressinreducingwaste.Sofar,Sweden’santi-wasteprogramissoefficientthatthewholecountryisrunningoutoftrash.The(28)______(recycle)rateisalmost99percentandtheyarerapidlyapproachingzerowaste.Inmanycountries,kitchenandgardeningwastemakesupofthebiggestpartofwaste.Thistypeofwaste,(29)______collectedseparately,canbeturnedintoanenergysourceorfertilizer. (30)____________thedifferencesinpoliciesandregulations,onethingisclear:governmentsaresharingacommonconceptthatthepreventionofenvironmentaldamageshouldbebasedonconcreteprinciplesandsolidactions.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.gradeB.commercializedC.demandD.unproductiveE.sampledF.protectedG.processH.contributorI.transportJ.cultivationK.consumptionEco-friendly,lab-growncoffeeisonthewayHeikoRischerisn’tquitesurehowtodescribethetasteoflab-growncoffee.Thissummerhe31oneofthefirstbatches(批)intheworldproducedfromcellcultures(细胞培养)ratherthancoffeebeans.“Todescribeitisdifficultbut,forme,itwasinbetweenacoffeeandablacktea,”saidRischer,headofplantbiotechnologyattheVTTTechnicalResearchCentreofFinland,whichdevelopedthecoffee.“Itdependsreallyontheroasting32,andthiswasabitofalighterroast,soithadalittlebitmoreofatea-likefeeling.”Peoplehavetowaitbeforetheycantastethecoffee,asthiscellularagricultureinnovationisnotyetapprovedforpublic33.RischerpredictsthatVTT’slab-growncoffeecouldgetapprovalfromthegovernmentsinEuropeandtheUSinaboutfouryears’time,pavingthewayfora34productthatcouldhaveamuchlowerclimateimpactthanconventionalcoffee.Thecoffeeindustryisbotha35totheclimatecrisisandveryvulnerable(脆弱的)toitseffects.Rising36forcoffeehasbeenlinkedtodeforestation(砍伐森林)indevelopingnations,damagingbiodiversityandreleasingcarbonemissions.Atthesametime,coffeeproducersarestrugglingwiththeimpactsofmoreextremeweather,fromfroststodroughts.It’sestimatedthathalfofthelandusedtogrowcoffeecouldbe37by2050duetotheclimatecrisis.Inresponsetotheindustry’schallenges,companiesandscientistsaretryingtodevelopandcommercializecoffeemadewithoutcoffeebeans.VTT’scoffeeisgrownbyfloatingcellculturesinbioreactors(生物反应堆)filledwithanutrient.The38requiresnopesticidesandhasamuchlowerwaterfootprint,saidRischer,andbecausethecoffeecanbeproducedinlocalmarkets,itcuts39emissions.Thecompanyisworkingonalifecycleanalysisoftheprocess.“Oncewehavethosefigures,wewillbeabletoshowthattheenvironmentalimpactwillbemuchlowerthanwhatwehavewithtraditional40,”Rischersaid.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Tryingtomakeabigdecisionwhileyou’realsopreparingforascarypresentation?Youmightwantto41doingthat.Mostpeopleprefertohavesufficienttimetoanalyzeasituationandconsiderthe42.Feelingstressedchangeshowpeople43riskandreward.AnewarticlepublishedinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSciencereviewshow,understress,peoplepaymoreattentiontothe44ofapossibleoutcome.Pressurecanresultin45attentionandtheuseofunconsciousreasoning.Itcanforceadecision-makertosorttherelevantfactorsfromtheirrelevant,andcan46clearthinkingwithspecificpriorities.

It’sabit47thatstressmakespeoplefocusonthewaythingscouldgoright,saysMaraMatheroftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.“Thisissortofnotwhatpeoplewouldthink,”Mathersays,“Stressisusuallyassociatedwithdisagreeableexperiences,soyou’dthinkthatmaybeI’mgoingtobemorefocusedonthe48outcomes.”Butresearchershavefoundthatwhenpeopleareunderstress—bybeingtoldtoholdtheirhandinicewaterforafewminutes,forexample,orgiveaspeech—theystartpayingmoreattentiontopositiveinformationand49negativeinformation.“Stressseemstoworsentheirlearningfromnegativefeedback,”Mathersays.Thismeanswhenpeopleunderstressaremakingadifficultdecision,theymaypaymoreattentiontotheupsidesofthealternativesthey’reconsideringandlesstothedownsides.Sosomeonewho’sdecidingwhethertotakeanewjobandisfeelingstressedbythe50mightweightheincreaseinsalarymoreheavilythantheworsecommute(通勤)。Theincreasedfocusonthepositivealsohelpsexplainwhystressplaysarolein51,andpeopleunderstresshaveahardertimecontrollingtheirurges.“Thecompulsiontogettherewardcomesstrongerandthey’relessableto52it,”Mathersays.Soapersonwho’sunderstressmightthinkonlyaboutthegoodfeelingsthey’llgetfromnegativethingslikeadrug,whilethe53shrinktothedistance.Stressalso54thedifferencesinhowmenandwomenthinkaboutrisk.Whenmenareunderstress,theybecomeevenmore55totakerisks;whenwomenarestressed,theygetmoreconservative.Matherlinksthistoanotherresearchthatfinds,atdifficulttimes,mentendtofacethesituation,whilewomenarelikelytobemoreconservative.41. A.try B.delay C.deny D.forbid 42. A.requirements B.reasons C.chances D.alternatives43. A.weigh B.overlook C.confuse D.classify44. A.imperfection B.risk C.advantage D.uncertainty 45. A.conflicted B.focused C.unexpected D.separated46. A.breakoff B.holdup C.accountfor D.bringout 47. A.surprising B.fortunate C.reasonable D.pleasant48. A.conscious B.immediate C.negative D.favorable49. A.neglecting B.enhancing C.analyzing D.evaluating50. A.position B.decision C.qualification D.schedule51.A.judgement B.progress C.relationship D.addiction52. A.value B.adopt C.resist D.maintain53. A.downsides B.desires C.defeats D.benefits 54. A.declines B.increases C.eliminates D.worsens55. A.reliable B.reluctant C.qualified D.willingSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A) SashasavesthedayThoughIcan’trecallwhothegiftwasfrom,whatIdorememberaboutthegiftismyinitialreactiontoit.Whenourtoddler(学步的小孩)openedtheboxandpulledoutthesofttoy,mymindimmediatelywenttotheexistingmountainofstuffedanimalsinourhouse.Iknewthatthisorangeknitcat,namedSasha,accordingtothebox,wasstraightintothatpile.

Wehadnoideawhatwewereupagainst.WhenthegiftboxcontainingSashaarrivedtwoyearsintoourtimeasparents,mostsurfacesinourhousewerecoveredinkidstuff.Wehaddiscoveredthatwecouldlivewithprettymuchanythingifitkeptthepeaceandkeptourkidsafe.AsIexpected,Sashawentintothemountainofstuffedanimals.Lesspredictably,however,theknitcatdidn’tstayinthepile.I’mnotsurewhy.Sashaissweetbutlooksunremarkable.Pictureamedium-sizedknitorangecatwithanangledsmileandapurplesweater.NodoubtpartofSasha’sappealcamefromitsinvolvementinmealtimes.Weweredesperatefordistractions,particularlywhenoursonwasinthehighchair.Withoutentertainment,ourtoddlerwouldfighttheinjusticeofbeingrequiredtostayseatedwhileeating.MyhusbandstartedtouseSashainthedistractiongameswithsuccess.Weknewwewereontosomethingwhenoursonstartedaskingtogointohishighchairtoplaythe“Sashagame”.Intime,Sasha’spowersgrewbeyonddistraction.Ifwewerehavingahardtimetalkingoursonintodoingsomething,sometimestheknitcatcouldbringhimaround.Thiscomfortwasparticularlycriticalwhenitwasbedtime.Sleepwaschallengingforoursonforalongtimeand,asaresult,forus.Wediscoveredthatourchildlikedtocuddle(依偎)theknitcatatnightandwasabletosettledownmoreeasilyifSashawasthere.Thismadetheknitcatpricelessinourhousehold.Remarkably,oursonisnowateenagerand,ifallgoesasplanned,hewillleavehometoattenduniversitylaterthisyear.Sashanolongerhasaprominentroleinourday-to-daylives,butIknowthatIwillneverthrowSashaout.Wealllovethatknitcat.

Comefall,whenIamanemptynester,ImightjustpullSashaoutagaintoprovidecomforttome.56. Whentheauthorfirstsawthegift,shethoughtthat______. A.itwouldaddhappyhourstothefamily B.itwouldnotbeappreciated C.itwasuniqueamongothertoys D.herkidwouldfinditfascinating57. Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor’skid? A.Hewasrestlesswheneating. B.Hepreferredtobeleftalone. C.Helikedtocollectknittoys. D.Hetalkedalotwiththetoy.58. Thesentence“theknitcatcouldbringhimaround”probablymeansthat______. A.theknitcatsometimesdroveawaythekid’sattention B.theknitcatwasalwaysplayingaroundtheboy C.theknitcatcouldpersuadetheboytodosomething D.theknitcathadhardtimetalkingwiththekid59. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue? A.Atfirstsight,theknitcatwasappealingtothefamily. B.Theknitcathelpedthekidtobehavebetterwheneating. C.Theboywasabletosleepwellwiththeknitcataroundhim. D.Theauthoralsoenjoysthecompanyoftheknitcate.(B)(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst.)Book1In

Factfulness,ProfessorHansRoslingaskssimplequestionslike‘Howmanygirlsfinishschool?’

and‘Whatpercentageoftheworld’spopulationispoor?’

Itturnsoutthatthemajorityofusgettheanswerstothesequestionscompletelywrong.Whydoesthishappen?

Factfulness

setsouttoexplainwhy,showingthatthereareseveralinstinctshumanshavethatdistort(扭曲)ourperspective.Yes,therearerealconcerns.Butweshouldadoptamindsetoffactfulness–onlycarryingopinionsthataresupportedbystrongfacts.Thisbookfocusesonourinstinctivebiases(偏见),offeringpracticaladvicetohelpusseethegoodaswellasthebadintheworld.Book2Arethingsgettingworseeveryday?Isprogressanimpossiblegoal?In

EnlightenmentNow,StevenPinkerlooksatthebigpictureofhumanprogressandfindsgoodnews.Wearelivinglonger,healthier,freerandhappierlives.Pinkerasksustostoppayingsomuchattentiontonegativeheadlinesandnewsthatdeclarestheendoftheworld.Instead,heshowsussomecarefullyselecteddata.In75surprisinggraphs,weseethatsafety,peace,knowledgeandhealtharegettingbetterallovertheworld.Economicinequality,heclaims,isnotreallyaproblem,becauseitisnotactuallythatimportantforhumanwell-being.Book3Formorethantwohundredyearsthosewhoholdnegativethoughtshavebeenwinningthepublicdebate.Theytellusthatthingsaregettingworse.Butasamatteroffact,lifeisgettingbetter.Income,foodavailabilityandlifespanarerising;disease,violenceandchildmortalityarefalling.Best-sellingauthorMattRidleydoesn’tonlyexplainhowthingsaregettingbetter;hegivesusreasonswhyaswell.Heshowsushowhumancultureevolvesinapositivedirectionthankstotheexchangeofideasandspecialization.Thisboldbooklooksattheentiretyofhumanhistory–fromtheStoneAgetothe21stcentury–andchangestheconceptthatit’sallgoingdownhill.Book4Themajorityofpeoplebelievethatdevelopingcountriesareinaterriblesituation:sufferingfromincrediblepovertyandwars.Therealityisthatagreattransformationisoccurring.Overthepast20years,morethan700millionpeoplehaveincreasedtheirincomeandcomeoutofpoverty.Thisishappeningacrossdevelopingcountriesaroundtheworld.TheendoftheColdWar,thedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesandbravenewleadershiphave

helpedtoimprovethelivesofhundredsofmillionsofpeopleinpoorcountries.InhisbookTheGreatSurge,

StevensRadeletdescribeshowallofthisishappening

and,moreimportantly,itshowsushowwecanspeeduptheprocess.60. Whatisthecommonfeatureofthefourbooks? A.Theyfocusonthepresentsituationsconcerningdevelopingcountries. B.Theyemphasizetheimportanceofdealingwithproblemsinpoorcountries. C.Theytrytodirectreaderstoapositivepathintermsofhumandevelopment. D.Theyappealtoshowmoresympathyandunderstandingforpoorcountries.61. Whichauthorsupportshisargumentsbyprovidingfactualevidence?A.HansRoslingasks B.StevenPinker C.MattRidley D.StevensRadelet62. WhichofthefollowingcanbeapossibletitleforBook3? A.TheRationalOptimist

B.HumanHistory:WhereAreWe C.APublicDebate D.OutofPoverty:WhatandHow(C)Astheconceptofemotionalintelligence(EI)hasgoneglobal,we’vewatchedprofessionalsfailastheytrytoimprovetheiremotionalintelligencebecausetheyeitherdon’tknowwheretofocustheireffortsortheyhaven’tunderstoodhowtoimprovetheseskillsonapracticallevel.Inourworkconsultingwithcompaniesandcoachingleaders,wehavefoundthatifyou’relookingtodevelopparticularEIstrengths,ithelpstoconsiderareasforimprovementothershaveidentifiedalongwiththegoalsyouwanttoachieve----andthentoactivelybuildhabitsinthoseareasratherthansimplyrelyingonunderstandingthemconceptually.Thefirststepistogetasenseofhowyourself-perception(howyouseeyourself)differsfromyourreputation(howothersseeyou).ThisisespeciallytrueforthedevelopmentofEIbecausewecanbeblindtohowweexpressandreadtheemotionalcomponentsofourinteractions.Forexample,mostofusthinkthatwe’regoodlisteners,butveryoftenthat’sreallynotthecase.Withoutthisexternalrealitycheck,itwillbedifficultforyoutoidentifythewaysthatyouractionsaffectyourperformance.Gettingfeedbackfromotherscanalsoprovideproofofthenecessityofshiftingourbehaviorandmotivationtodoso.Togiveyouthebestsenseofwherethedifferencesliebetweenyourself-perceptionandreputation,youshouldusea360-drgreefeedbackassessmentthattakesintoaccountthemultipleaspectsofEI.Thekeyistofindonetogiveyoufeedback,whichisfocusedondevelopmentandnotonperformanceassessment.Andthatcangiveyouadetailedunderstandingofhowotherpeople’sassessmentsofyoudifferfromyourownassessments.Secondly,whenyougetyourfeedbackfromanassessment,letthatinformwhatyouwanttoimprove.Butalsoconsiderwhatyourgoalsare.Whenitcomestocultivatingstrengthsinemotionalintelligence,you’reatahugedisadvantageifyou’reonlyinterestedbecauseotherssaidyoushouldbe.Youremotionalintelligenceissotiedupinyoursenseofselfthatbeingintrinsically(内在的)motivatedtomaketheeffortmattersmorewhenchanginglongstandinghabitsthanitdoeswhensimplylearningaskill.Thatmeanstheareasthatyouchoosetoactivelyworkonshouldlieattheintersectionofthefeedbackyou’vegottenandtheareasthataremostimportanttoyourownaspirations(渴望).UnderstandingtheinfluencesofyourcurrentEIhabitsrelativetoyourgoalswillkeepyougoingoveralongperiodoftimeasyoudotheworkofstrengtheningyouremotionalintelligence.63. Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph? A.ProfessionalsfailtounderstandtheconceptsofEI. B.EIplaysakeyroleinprofessionaldevelopment. C.LeadersarebadlyinneedofimprovingtheirEI. D.YouhavetoturntootherstoknowwhichEItoimprove.64. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisan“externalrealitycheck”?A.Yougothelpfromyourparentswhenmakingakeydecision.B.Yourteacherdirectedyoutowardsabetterattitudeinstudy.C.YoureflectedyourselfandmadeaNewYearResolution.D.Yourcareerdevelopmentspeedsupwiththeguidanceofothers.65.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthe4thparagraph?A.It’smostreliabletofollowyourinnercallwhenyouwanttoimproveyourEI.B.It’shardforotherstoknowyourEIbecauseithidesdeeplybehindyourinnersense.C.WhenyouwanttoimproveEI,youshouldtakeyourgoalsintoconsideration.D.AcquiringanewskillismoresignificantthanyourattempttoimproveyourEI.66.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.EffectiveEIdevelopmentisdeterminedbydifferentfactors.B.EIdevelopmentisunlikelytohappenunlessyouknowwhatEIreallyis.C.Theimportanceofperformanceassessmentisunderestimated.D.YourinnerselfdiscouragesyoufromimprovingyourEI.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thosewholearntoforgivedeserverespectfromothers.B.Toforgiveissomethingthatmostpeoplehavedifficultywith.C.Thedeeperyourpain,thelongeritusuallytakestocompletelyforgive.D.Forgivenessbringsfreedom,whereashateisneithersweetnorsatisfying.E.Forgivenessisnecessarybecauseitreleasesyoufromtheburdenofbitternessandhate.F.Psychologicallyforgivenessisdefinedas

adeliberatedecisiontoreleasefeelingsofhate

towardapersonwhohasharmedyou.Arethingsnotworkingoutinyourlife,despiteyourdoingallthe“right”things?Isitpossiblethatyouareholding“unforgiveness”inyourheart?Itisworththinkingabout.Whatdoyoudowhensomebodyhurtsyou?Doyouwanttohurtthatpersonback,ordoyouholditagainstthemfortherestofyourlife?Ifyouanswered“yes”tothesequestions,youarelikemostpeople.67Peopledon’tforgivereadily,becauseitiseasiertohatethantoforgive.Somepeoplethinktoforgiveisasignofweakness,butactuallytoforgivetakescourageandeffort.Forgivenessisagiftfromagenerousheart.Itisnotarewardforgoodbehavior.Itisnotbasedonwhetherthepersondeservesitorwhetherthepersonhasaskedforit.Besides,forgivenessisanactandalong-termprocess.68Itisanactbecauseitisnotjustthewordsyousay,butalsoyouractionswhichshowifyou’vetrulyforgivensomeone.69Ittakesalotofenergytohateandtokeepthathateinplace.Hateputsunwantedstressonyourbody.Itisawell-knownfact,provenbynumerousstudies,thatbitternesscanactuallymakeyousick.Themomentthoseaffectedpeopleforgiveandletgooftheirhate,theywillstarttogetwell.70Ihavepersonalexperienceofthis.Iusedtobeverycynical(愤世嫉俗的)aboutlifeanddidn’tforgiveeasily.Atthetime,Ialsostruggledineveryareaofmylife.Thingsjustdidn’tseemtoworkoutforme.Itisasifeverythingthatcouldgowrong,alwayswentwrong.Thatwasuntilsomebodytoldmetotakealookatmyattitude.AndwhenIforgavethosewhowrongedmeandchangedmyattitude,everythingelsechanged.Itdidn’thappenovernight.Ittookawhile,butIcouldseeandfeelthedifference.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Notsettinghomeworkcanbeimpossibleincertainsituations.Therearemanyargumentsforhomework,andmostteacherswouldagreewithmanyofthefollowing:homeworkisaperfectopportunitytoreviewwhatwasdonewiththeteacher,andrethinkanddevelopthatinitialinput;homeworkoffersamomentforstudentsto