Preliminary-Chlorination-Paraffin-Study 氯化石蜡初步研究课件

PreliminaryStudyof

ChlorinationParaffin

氯化石蜡的初步研究

ChlorinationParaffinChlorinatedparaffinsareacomplexmixtureofpolychlorinatedn-alkanesandaresubdividedaccordingtotheircarbonchainlengthintoshortchain(SCCPs,C10-13),mediumchain(MCCPs,C14-17)andlongchain(LCCPs,C>17).Theyarevirtuallyinsolubleinwaterbutdissolvefullyinmostnon-polarorganicsolventslikeparaffinoil.SCCPshaveafaintodour.Theyarenon-flammableanddonotevaporateeasily.-氯化石蜡是一个复杂的多氯正烷烃的混合物和细分根据其碳链长度为短链(sccpC10-13),中等链(MCCPsC14-17)和长链(LCCPsC>17)。它们几乎不溶于水,但是溶解完全在大多数非极性有机溶剂如石蜡油。是不易燃的,不容易蒸发。ShortchainCPs(SCCPs)UsesofSCCPs短链用途Shortchainchlorinatedparaffins(SCCPs)canbeusedasaplasticizerinrubber,paints,adhesives,flameretardantsforplasticsincludingvinylflooring,carpetbackingandwireandcablecoating.SCCPsalsomaybeusedasfattingandsofteningagentsintheleatherindustryanimpregnationsagentinthetextileindustryandasanadditiveforsealingcompounds.Theyarewidelyusedasanextremepressurelubricantinmetalworkingfluids.短链氯化石蜡(sccp)可以用作增塑剂在橡胶、油漆、粘合剂、阻燃剂乙烯等塑料地板,地毯底布和电线电缆涂层。sccp也可能被用作皮革行业的去脂和软化代理纺织工业的浸渍剂和密封化合物作为添加剂。被广泛用作金属加工液的极压润滑剂。EnvironmentalConcerns环境问题SCCPsareclassifiedasdangeroustotheenvironment,duetotheirhightoxicitytoaquaticorganisms,andtheymaycauselong-termadverseeffectsintheaquaticenvironment.Theyarepersistentagentswhicharenoteasilydegradedbynaturalmechanisms.SCCPsarebioaccumulativesubstanceswhichaccumulatemainlyinaquaticanimaltissues,andenzymaticdisrupterswhichalterthehormonalsystemoflivingbeings.ExcessiveexposuretoSCCPsmayaffectthekidney,liverandthyroidgland,andmaycausecancer.被归类为危险的环境,水生生物,由于其高毒性,而且他们可能产生长期不良影响在水生环境。他们持续的代理不容易退化的自然机制。sccp的生物累积性的物质积累主要在水生动物组织和酶把改变生物的内分泌系统。过度暴露于sccp会影响肾脏,肝脏和甲状腺,可能导致癌症。ShortchainCPs(SCCPs)MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)Medium-chainedchlorinatedparaffins(MCCP)(Alkanes,C14-17,Chloro)MCCPsmeetthecriteriaforclassificationasdangerousinaccordancewithDirective67/548/EEC.TheyarenotyetlistedonAnnexItoDirective67/548/EEC.However,MCCPsareincludedintheadopted30thAdaptationtoTechnicalProgress(ATP)ofDirective67/548/EEC.TheproposedclassificationforMCCPsinrelationtohumanhealthandenvironmentaleffectsisasfollows:MCCPs满足分类的标准按照67/548/EEC指令一样危险。他们还没有列在附件我67/548/EEC指令。然而,MCCPs中采用30适应技术进步(ATP)67/548/EEC指令。拟议的MCCPs分类与人类健康和环境的影响如下:MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)ThecurrentglobalproductioncapacityofMCCPsis45000-160000tonnes/yearwiththemainusebeingassecondaryplasticizerinPVC.Secondaryplasticizers,whenusedincombinationwithprimaryplasticizers,causeanenhancementoftheplasticizingeffectsandsoarealsoknownasextenders.FurtherMCCPsareusedasmetalworkingfluids,paintsandvarnishes,adhesives/sealants,flameretardants,leatherfatliquors,carbonlesscopypaper.E&ErelevantappliancesofMCCPsareinflexiblePVCsuchasincablesheathingandinsulation.Here,MCCPwithhigherdegreesofchlorination(typicallyaround50-52%wt.Cl)areused.MCCPswithhigherdegreesofchlorinationaremorecompatiblewithPVCandhavealowervolatilitythanlowerchlorinatedanalogues.MCCPswith52%wt.Clmakeuparound2/3oftheusedforPVCproduction.TheactualamountofMCCPsusedinthevariousPVCapplicationsisnotdefinedindetail.Accordingtoindustryinformationitcanbeassumedthatapproximately17%ofthetotalamountofMCCPsuppliedforPVCapplicationsisusedincableproducts.Basedonthisfigure,9200tonnes/yearofMCCPareusedforcableproducts.TheuseofMCCPsinplasticsotherthanPVCcanbeconsideredtobeprimarilyasaflameretardantadditive.IfMCCPsareusedspecificallyasaflameretardantine.g.plastics,chlorinatedparaffinswithahighdegreeofchlorination(e.g.70-72%wt.Cl)areused,alongwithasynergiste.g.antimonytrioxide.TheexactamountsofE&ErelevantusesofMCCParenotgivenintheEUrelateddocuments.当前全球生产能力MCCPs45000-160年的000吨/年主要用途是作为次要在PVC增塑剂结合使用时,辅助增塑剂,主要增塑剂,导致增强的塑化效果,因此也被称为填充剂。进一步MCCPs用作金属加工液、油漆和清漆,胶粘剂/密封剂、阻燃剂、皮脂烈酒,无碳纸副本。MCCPs有关电器等灵活的PVC电缆护套和绝缘材料。在这里,MCCP氯化度较高的(通常约50-52%的wt。Cl)。MCCPs氯化更兼容度较高的PVC和低波动率低于氯化类似物。MCCPswt为52%。Cl约占2/3用于PVC的生产。中使用的实际MCCPs各种PVC应用程序没有定义。根据行业信息可以认为大约17%的总额MCCP提供PVC应用程序用于电缆产品。根据这个数字,9200吨/年MCCP用于电缆产品。使用MCCPs塑料PVC以外的可以被认为是主要作为阻燃添加剂。如果MCCPs专门用作阻燃剂如塑料、氯化石蜡的高度氯化(例如wt。Cl70-72%),以及一个增效剂如三氧化二锑。确切数额有关使用MCCP不给欧盟相关文件。第7页简译中链当前的立法一些使用MCCPs覆盖下的综合污染预防和控制指令(指令1996/61/EC),例如金属加工的大型生产基地,一些PVC和塑料复合/转换网站和皮革处理网站。此外,一些国家立法包括使用MCCP包含产品:在德国,氯化paraffin-containing废物,如金属加工液>2g卤素/公斤和halogen-containing增塑剂,被列为潜在危险废物焚烧。在挪威,MCCPs都包含在国家“优先级列表物质”的排放是最迟在2010年大幅减少。在英国,MCCPs用户论坛成立于2001年由用户和供应商自愿同意减少风险从MCCPs英国环境,尤其是减少排放。用户承诺采取并鼓励最佳实践。欧盟RAR按照委员会监管(EEC)793/93MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)MonitoringstudiespresentedintheEURARofMCCPs(2007)reportmeasurementsofchlorinatedparaffinsinenvironmentalcompartments,inbiotaandinhumanbreastmilk监测研究在欧盟的RARMCCPs(2007)的测量报告氯化石蜡在环境箱内,在生物和人类母乳MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)TheconclusionoftheassessmentoftheriskstoCONSUMERSANDHUMANSEXPOSEDVIATHEENVIRONMENTisthatthereisatpresentnoneedforfurtherinformationand/ortestingorforriskreductionmeasuresbeyondthosewhicharebeingapplied.Thisconclusionisreachedbecause:theriskassessmentshowsthatrisksarenotexpected.Riskreductionmeasuresalreadybeingappliedareconsideredsufficient.TheconclusionoftheassessmentoftheriskstoHUMANHEALTH(arisingfromphysico-chemicalproperties)isthatthereisatpresentnoneedforfurtherinformationand/ortestingorforriskreductionmeasuresbeyondthosewhicharebeingapplied.Thisconclusionisreachedbecause:theriskassessmentshowsthatrisksarenotexpected.Riskreductionmeasuresalreadybeingappliedareconsideredsufficient.风险的评估的结论消费者通过环境和人类接触是目前不需要进一步的信息和/或测试或降低风险除了那些被应用的措施。达到这个结论,因为:风险评估表明,风险是出乎意料的时候。降低风险的措施已经被应用被认为是足够的。风险的评估的结论人类健康(由物理化学属性)是目前不需要进一步的信息和/或测试或降低风险除了那些被应用的措施。达到这个结论,因为:风险评估表明,风险是出乎意料的时候。降低风险的措施已经被应用被认为是足够的。B)ENVIRONMENTTheconclusionoftheassessmentoftheriskstotheATMOSPHEREisthatthereisatpresentnoneedforfurtherinformationand/ortestingorforriskreductionmeasuresbeyondthosewhicharebeingapplied.Thisconclusionisreachedbecause:theriskassessmentshowsthatrisksarenotexpected.Riskreductionmeasuresalreadybeingappliedareconsideredsufficient.TheconclusionoftheassessmentoftheriskstotheenvironmentforAQUATICECOSYSTEMANDTERRESTRIALECOSYSTEM

B)环境风险评估的结论大气是目前不需要进一步的信息和/或测试或降低风险除了那些被应用的措施。达到这个结论,因为:风险评估表明,风险是出乎意料的时候。降低风险的措施已经被应用被认为是足够的。结论环境风险的评估水生生态系统和陆地生态系统

MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)ConclusionAccordingtothenewGuidancefortheimplementationofREACH(ECHA2008),substancesthatcanbeshownbothtopersistforlongperiodsandtobioaccumulateinbiotaandwhichcancausetoxiceffectsafteralongertimeandoveragreaterspatialscalegiverisetospecificconcern.Duetotheirpersistencetheyhavethepotentialtoaccumulateinpartsoftheenvironment.Theeffectsofsuchaccumulationareunpredictableinthelong-termandsuc