2023学年Unit2　Poems 集体备课

Module6Unit2Poems徐琴琴Teachingaimsanddemands类别课程标准要求掌握的项目词汇四会词汇Convey,concrete,contradictory,flexible,salty,endless,minimum,translation,branch,eventually,transform,sorrow,librarian,appropriate,exchange,darkness,warmth,scholarship,pianist,violinist２．认读词汇Poetry,tick,rhyme,convey,emotion,nursery,repetition,hush,mockingbird,diamond,brass,pattern,cottage,coffin,sparrow,kitten,cinquain,tease,droop,dread,haiku,syllable,melt,brimful,await,revolve,bare,forever,section,diploma,sponsor,blank,compass,bride,bridegroom,championship,load3.词组Takeiteasy,runoutof,bemadeupof,inparticular,tryout,letout语法Subjunctivemood（II）重点句子1.Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.2.Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression.3.SomeofthefirstpoetryayoungchildlearnsinEnglishisnurseryrhymes.4.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.5.Itistowriteand,likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingtheminimumofwords.6.Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom,studentsmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsoftheirown.教学设计Period1:Warmingup,Pre-reading&ReadingPeriod2:LanguagepointsPeriod3:DiscoveringusefulstructuresPeriod4:UsinglanguagePeriod5：Summingup&AssessmentPeriod1Warmingup,Pre-reading&ReadingTeachingAimsTocultivatestudents’interestofpoetryandimprovetheirreadingskills.TeachingImportant&DifficultPointsHowtohelpthestudentstograspandrememberthedetailedinformationofthereadingmaterial.Teachingaids:ataperecorder,aprojector,SlidesandPicturesTeachingProcedureStep1Warmingup1.Doyourememberanypoemsyouhavereadinhighschool,eitherinChineseorinEnglish?2.Discussthereasonswhypeoplewritepoems.Step2Pre-readingSkimthepoemsinthetextandtickthecorrectboxesforeachquestion.P9Step3ReadingTask1Fast-readingReadthepassagequicklyandchoosethebestanswers.(1)Howmanykindsofpoemsdoesthepassagetalkabout?DA.8.B.7.C.6.D.5.(2)PoemAisabout________.CA.afatherwhoisgoingtobuyhisbabyabilly-goatB.afatherwhoisgoingtobuyhisbabyamockingbirdC.afatherwhoshowshisloveforhisbabyD.afatherwhoisgoingtobuyhisbabyadiamondring(3)Whichtwopoemshaverhyminglines?AA.PoemsAandB.B.PoemsCandD.C.PoemsEandF.D.PoemsGandH.(4)Whichpoemsgiveyouclearpicturesinyourmind?BA.PoemsAandC.B.PoemsFandG.C.PoemsBandD.D.PoemsEandH.(5)ThereasonwhytheplayersinPoemClostthegameisthat________.DA.theystayeduptoolatethenightbeforeB.theydidn’thavethousandsoffansscreamingC.theyranoutofenergyD.theydidn’tplaywellenoughTask2Careful-reading1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfilltheblanks.FormsofPoemsCharacteristicsNurseryrhymes·Concretebut(1)___________language·Strong(2)_______andalotofrepetition·Easytolearnand(3)_____Listpoems·A(4)_______linelength·RepeatedphrasesCinquain·Easytowrite·Madeupof(5)____lines·(6)________astrongpictureinjustafewwordsHaiku·AJapaneseformofpoetry·Madeupof(7)___syllables·Easytowrite·Givesaclear(8)_______·(9)_______aspecialfeelinginjustafewwordsTangpoemsAlotofTangpoetryhasbeen(10)_________intoEnglish.Answers:imaginative;rhythm;recite;flexible;five;conveys;17;picture;creates;translated2.Readthepassageagainandanswerthequestions.(1)Whatisthemainideaofthereadingpassage?(2)Whatarethesimilaritiesbetweenthecinquainandhaiku?(3)WhatisthestorythatPoemHtells?Answers:1.ItisaboutsomesimpleformsofEnglishpoems.2.Theyareeasytowrite.Bothofthemshowclearpicturestoreadersandconveyaspecialfeeling.3.PoemHtellsusaboutawomanwhowaitedforherbelovedhusbandtocomebackfromajourney.Step4HomeworkReviewthetextandpayattentiontosomekeywords,phrases,andsentences.Period2LanguagepointsTeachingAimsTolearnsomenewwordsandphrases.Tomasterthemainideaofeachparagraph.Tolearnsomecomplicatedsentencepatterns.TeachingImportantPointHowtohelpthestudentstomastertheusageofsomeusefulwords,expressionsandsentences.TeachingDifficultPointHowtoenablethestudentstograspandrememberthedetailedinformationofthereadingmaterial.TeachingProcedure:Step1ReviewChecktheanswerstotheEX.1-3onPage12inthetextbookStep2Languagepoints1.conveyvt.传达；表达；运送；转让Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.有些(诗)则是为了传达某种感情。Pipesconveyhotwaterfromtheboilertotheradiators.管道把热水从锅炉输送到散热器里。Passengersareconveyedbybustotheairport.旅客们被公共汽车送往机场。conveysb.向某人传达/运送某物conveysth./sb.tosomeplace把某物/某人送到某地conveysb./sth.fromAtoB把某人或某物从A地运送到B地conveyone'sfeelings/thanks/wishestosb.向某人表达某种感情/谢意/祝愿Yourluggagewillbeconveyedtothehotelbytaxi.出租车会将你的行李送到酒店。Pleaseconveymybestwishestoher.请代我向她表达最美好的祝愿。完成句子1.言语无法表达我对她有多么得生气。____________howangryIamwithher.2.这些管道将天然气从公司输送到城市的每个角落。Thepipes________naturalgas________everycornerofthecityfromthecompany.【答案】Wordscannotconveyconvey；to2．concreteadj.具体的n．混凝土Thelanguageisconcretebutimaginative，andtheydelightsmallchildrenbecausetheyrhyme，havestrongrhythmandalotofrepetition.(教材P10)童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并有较多重复。Itiseasiertothinkinconcretetermsratherthanintheabstract.结合具体的事物来思考要比抽象思考容易些。Thesebuildingsaremadeofconcreteandsteel.这些建筑物是由混凝土和钢金铸成的。abstractadj.抽象的concretelyadv.具体地Concretely，thismeantthathehadfailed.具体地说，这就意味着他失败了。Wemaytalkofbeautifulthingsbutbeautyitselfisabstract.我们尽可谈论美的事情，但美本身却是抽象的。3．contradictoryadj.引起矛盾的；好反驳的Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory，buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.(教材P10)这些诗可能没有什么意义，甚至(有些)看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背。Wearefacedwithtwoapparentlycontradictorystatements.我们面前这两种说法显然是矛盾的。TheadviceIreceivedwasoftencontradictory.我所得到的建议常常是相互矛盾的。contradictvt.反驳；驳斥；批驳contradictionn．(事实，看法，行动等的)不一致，矛盾，对立in(direct)contradictiontosth.与某事相反，和某事背道而驰Alltheeveningherhusbandcontradictedeverythingshesaid.整个晚上她说什么丈夫都跟她拌嘴。Thetwostoriescontradicteachother.这两种说法相互抵触。Thereisacontradictionbetweenthetwosetsoffigures.这两组数据相互矛盾。用contradictory的适当形式填空①Whatyousaidandwhatyoudidseemed________．②You'vejust________yourselfabouttheproblem.③Hispublicspeechesarein________tohispersonallifestyle.【答案】①contradictory②contradicted③contradiction4．flexibleadj.灵活的；可弯曲的Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.(教材P10)“清单诗”诗句的长短比较灵活且有重复的短语，这就形成了这种诗的模式和节奏。Thistubeisflexiblebuttough.这管子柔软但很坚固。flexiblyadv.灵活地flexibilityn．灵活性；柔韧性；适应性Computersofferamuchgreaterdegreeofflexibilityinthewayworkisorganized.利用计算机，工作安排可以灵活得多。Hedealtwiththematterflexibly.他灵活地处理了这件事情。[拓展]许多形容词后加－ity构成抽象名词。如reality，popularity，similarity等。但以－ble结尾的形容词通常变为－bility.如able→abilitypossible→possibilitystable→stabilityresponsible→responsibility完成句子①你从哪天开始，(时间上)我们可以灵活一点。Wecan______________yourstartingdate.②伸展运动会增加身体柔韧性。Stretchingexerciseswill______________．③你的业余时间可以灵活运用。Yoursparetimecan______________．【答案】①beflexibleabout②helpyourflexibility③beusedflexibly5．Somerhyme(likeB)whileothersdonot(likeC)．(教材P10)有些清单诗押韵(如B)，有些不押韵(如C)。while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而，然而”。Helikespopmusic，whileIamfondoffolkmusic.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。①while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。②while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于though。③while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于aslongas。Pleasedon'ttalksoloudlywhileothersareworking.别人在工作时请不要高声谈话。Whilesherespectedhermathsteacher，shedidn'tlikehim.虽然她尊重她的数学老师，但是她不喜欢他。Whilethereislifethereishope.只要生命存在，就有希望。6．takeiteasy放松；不紧张；从容ifwehadn'ttakeniteasy...(教材P10)如果我们没有放松警惕……Thedoctortoldmetotakeiteasyandnottoworrytoomuch.医生告诉我放松点，别太担心了。Takeiteasy；youaresuretosucceed.放心好了，你一定会成功的。takethingseasy＝takeiteasytakeone'stime别着急；慢慢来takesth.seriously认真对待某事take...forgranted认为……想当然take...forexample以……为例I'dliketotakeit/thingseasywhenonholiday.度假时，我愿意轻松些。Itookitforgrantedthatyouknewthefact.我认为你应当知道那个事实。takeit/thingseasy，takeone'stimetakeit/thingseasy指在心理上“别紧张”、“别着急”，相当于don'tbenervoustakeone'stime指在时间上不用慌张，因为There'senoughtimeleft.Hetoldmetotakethingseasyandstopworkingsohard.他劝我放松一下，工作不要过于劳累。Thereisnohurry；takeyourtime.不用急，慢慢来吧。7．runout(of)用完；耗尽；失效；过期ifwehadn'trunoutofenergy...(教材P10)如果我们没有精疲力竭……Ifhehadn'trunoutofmoney，hewouldhaveboughtit.如果他不花光钱的话，他就会买的。Mypassporthasrunout.我的护照已经到期了。sth.giveout用完；精疲力竭useupsth.用完；消耗尽WhenIcameback，hisbeerhadbeenusedup.当我回来时，他的啤酒已喝完了。TheytoldMumthattheirmoneysoongaveout/ranout.他们告诉妈妈他们的钱很快就用完了。8．Andsaidthoughstrangetheyallweretrue.(教材P10)虽然奇怪，但它们都是真的。thoughstrange是省略句，在句中充当让步状语，相当于thoughtheywerestrange。Thoughcoldandhungry，theywouldn'tgiveup.尽管又冷又饿，但他们不愿放弃。状语从句的省略是高考中的常考点，解题时要注意以下几点：①状语从句的省略须同时具备下列两个条件：主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句谓语动词是be的某种形式。②状语从句省略时要把从句的主语和动词be一起省略。If(itis)possible，hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。Hewon'tgottherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀请，否则他不会和我们一道去那里。9．bemadeupof由……构成Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthecinquain，apoemmadeupoffivelines.(教材P10)另一种学生容易写的简单诗体是五行诗，一种由五行组成的诗。Themedicalteamismadeupoffivedoctorsandtennurses.这支医疗队由五个医生和十个护士组成。makeup构成；组成；编造；化妆；补上makeupforsth.弥补makeout理解；辨认出makeit获得成功；准时到达makeforsth.向……移动；促成……bemadeof由……制成(看出原料的样子)bemadefrom由……制成(看不出原材料的样子)12doctorsmadeupthemedicalteam.十二名医生组成了这支医疗队。Wecanmakeitwithinhalfanhour.我们半小时就能赶到。表示“由……组成”的短语还有：becomposedof和consistof(无被动语态)注意：当它们作后置定语时consistof要用现在分词，另外两个用过去分词，如Apeaceteamconsistingof/composedof/madeupoftensoldiersandanofficerwassenttoAfrica.一支由十名战士和一名军官组成的维和部队被派往非州。完成句子当我们到达时，演员们正在化妆。Theactors________________whenwearrived.那一个周末补偿了我曾有过的一切失望。Thatoneweekend________________allthedisappointmentsI'dhad.【答案】weremakingupmadeupfor10．inparticular尤其；特别DidyouknowthatEnglishspeakersalsoenjoyotherformsofAsianpoetry－TangpoemsfromChinainparticular？(教材P11)你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗。Ilikeallthefourseasons，springinparticular.我喜欢所有这四个季节，尤其是春天。particularly＝inparticular特别；尤其beparticularabout对……讲究；挑剔beparticularto为……所特有Sheisparticularaboutwhatshewears.她对穿戴很讲究。Asisknowntoall，pandasareparticulartoChina.众所周知，熊猫是中国特有的。Ricegrowswellinourcounty，particularlyinourvillage.我们县里的稻谷长得不错，我们村的尤其好。完成句子你今晚有什么特别的事要做吗？Areyoudoinganything________tonight?现在有些孩子非常挑食。Somechildren____________theirfoodnow.这种衣服是国王特有的。Thiskindofclothes____________theking.【答案】inparticular;areparticularabout;isparticularto11．transformvi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换Neverlookingback，Transformedintostone.(教材P11)化为石，不回头。Gettingthatnewjobhascompletelytransformedher.她得到了那份新工作后，人全变了。Theeducationalsystemsweretransformedalot，buttheloadsofthestudentsarestillveryheavy.尽管教育制度得到了很大的改革，但是学生的负担仍然很重。transformAintoB把A变成Btransformsth.fromAtoB使……从A变成Btransformationn．改变；改革Theprocessistotransforminformationfromoneformtoanother.这个过程是将信息从一种形式变换为另一种形式。Inonly20yearsthecountryhasbeentransformedintoanadvancedindustrialpower.这个国家只用了20年就变成了一个先进的工业强国。Inrecentyearshisideashaveundergoneacompletetransformation.近年来他的观念发生了彻底的改变。trans－(是前缀，意为＝from...to)＋from(形态)从一种形态到另一种形态→transform转化；转换transplant移植，transport运输；运送transfer移交，转移，translate翻译完成句子①他们把他们的房间改成了旅馆。Theyhave________theirrooms________ahotel.②这家公司已由一个家庭企业变为一个国家运作机构。Thecompany________afamilybusiness________astateoperation.【答案】①transformed；into②hasbeentransformedfrom；into12．Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom，studentsmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsoftheirown.(教材P11)有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。(1)句中的withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom为with的复合结构作状语。“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一复合结构在句子中一般作状语，表示原因、方式、条件等；也可以作后置定语。(1)with＋宾语＋名词Withafaceallsmileshetoldusthathehadpassedthecollegeentranceexamination.他满脸笑容地告诉我们他通过了大学入学考试。(2)with＋宾语＋形容词Tomalwayssleepswithhiseyesopen.汤姆总是睁着眼睛睡觉。(3)with＋宾语＋副词Tomstoodbeforetheteacherwithhisheaddown.汤姆低着头站在老师面前。(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语Doyouknowthewomanwithachildinherarms?你认识那个抱孩子的妇女吗？(5)with＋宾语＋不定式Withtheoldmantoleadus，we'llhavenodifficultygoingthroughtheforest.有这位老人领着我们，我们将会毫不费力地穿过森林。(6)with＋宾语＋现在分词Withtheoldmanleadingus，wehadnotroublefindinghishouse.有这位老人领着我们，我们没有费劲就找到了他的家。(7)with＋宾语＋过去分词Themanwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.那个男人被带了进来，双手被绑在背后。(2)eventuallyadv.最后；终于Hefellillandeventuallydied.他得了病，最后去世了。PeriodⅢLearningaboutLanguage1．appropriateadj.适当的；正当的；合适的Matchthebeginningofeachsentencewiththeappropriateending.(教材P13)进行适当的连线搭配。Themovieisappropriateforchildrenaged12andover.这部电影适合12岁以上的孩子观看。beappropriatefor对……合适itisappropriatefordosth.适合某人做某事itisappropriatethat...……是合适的(从句中要使用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。Theyadoptedappropriatemeasures.他们采取了恰当的措施。Itisappropriatethatyou(should)bepolite.你讲礼貌是合适的。Itisnotappropriateforyoutoleavenow.你现在离开不合适。完成句子①正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。Jeansare________________．②我现在来讨论那件事不合时宜。Itwouldnot________________．③这个时候提钱的问题正合适。Itisan________________．【答案】①notappropriateforaformalparty②beappropriateformetodiscussthatnow/beappropriatethatIshoulddiscussthatnow③appropriatetimetomentionmoneynow2．exchangen．交换；交流；互换vt.&vi.调换；交换Iftherehadnotbeenanexchangeprogramme，hewouldnothavefoundasponsortohelphimstudyabroad.(教材P13)如果没有这个交流项目，他也不会找到帮他到国外留学的赞助者。We'llhaveanopportunitytoexchangeviewstomorrow.明天我们将有机会交换看法。inexchangefor作为对……的交换have/makeanexchangeof...交换……exchangeAforB把A兑换成Bexchangesb.与某人交流/交换某物Ishookhandsandexchangedafewwordswiththemanager.我与经理握了握手，并交谈了几句。Youcanexchangeyourcurrencyfordollarsinthehotel.你可以在旅馆里将你的现金换成美元。I'veofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchangeforaweek'saccommodation.我提出愿意粉刷厨房，条件是免费住一周。完成句子①约翰与玛丽交换礼物。John________________________．②他给了我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。Hegavemeanapple________________．③他把那件黑夹克换成了蓝色的。Heexchanged__________________．【答案】①exchangedgiftswithMary②inexchangeforacake③theblackjacketforablueone3．blankn．空白；空格adj.空白的；茫然的I'mtryingtothinkofhisname，butmymind'sacompleteblank.我努力地去想他的名字，但我头脑里一片空白。Shelookedatmewithablankexpression.她毫无表情地看着我。fillintheblank填空blankcheque空白支blankface/look/expression毫无表情goblank变得一片空白Suddenlythescreenwentblack.屏幕突然变成一片空白。完成句子①在空白栏中写上你的名字。Writeyourname________________．②你填好表格以后把它交还给我。Whenyouhave________________，handtheformbacktome.③突然我脑子里一片空白。Suddenly，mymind________________．【答案】①intheblank②filledintheblanks③wentblankStep3Homework《世纪金榜》Period3DiscoveringusefulstructuresTeachingaimsEnablethestudentstomastertheusageoftheSubjunctivemood.TeachingimportantpointsHowtoenablethestudentstoknowthestructureandtheusageoftheSubjunctivemood.TeachingdifficultpointsHowtohelpthestudentstomastertheusageoftheSubjunctivemood.TeachingproceduresRevision1.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法设类型条件从句谓语

动词形式主语谓语

动词形式与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反should+动词原形动词过去式to+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形2.Wish引导的宾语从句与现在

事实相反过去时（were）与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来

事实相反would/could/might+动词原形3.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气一个坚持___________两个命令_____________三个建议_____________四个要求____________Keys：1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,andpropose4).demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.Step2Grammar1．错综时间条件句在错综时间条件句中，条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致，因此动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor，youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你当初听医生的话，现在你已经好了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在)IfIwereyou，Iwouldhavetakenheradvice.如果我是你，我就接受她的建议。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)2．虚拟语气的其他用法(1)Itis(high/about)timethat...中的that从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用过去时或“should＋动词原形”，should不可省略。Itishightimethatwehadsupper.我们该吃晚饭了。(2)Itisimportant(necessary，essential，strange，apity等)that...中的that从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”或“shouldhave＋过去分词”。Itisimportantthatwe(should)workhard.我们努力工作很重要。ItisnecessarythatI(should)returnitnow.我有必要马上把它还回去。Itisapitythatheshouldhavefailedintheexam.他考试竟没有及格，真是遗憾。(3)与表示请求、建议、命令、要求等意义的词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，常用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。Hegavetheadvicethatwe(should)dotheworkcarefully.他建议我们认真做这项工作。Itissuggestedthatweshouldstartbeforesunset.(人们)建议我们日落前出发。(4)asif/though引导的从句用虚拟语气时，从句谓语形式：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(对过去虚拟：haddone,对现在虚拟：一般过去时（be→were）,对将来虚拟：would/could/should/might＋do))Hetalkedasifhehadknownit.他谈起来好像已知道此事。(5)在ifonly引导的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用一般过去时或“would/could＋动词原形”，表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望，常译为“要是……就好了”。IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!如果我是一只飞鸟该多好啊！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!如果我看过那部电影该多好啊！Step3HomeworkPeriod4UsingLanguageTeachingaimsEnablethestudentstounderstandthepoemandlearnsomethingaboutthelanguagepointsinthepoem.Teachingimportant&difficultpointsHowtohelpthestudentstomastersomelanguagepointsinthepoem.TeachingproceduresStep1RevisionCheckthehomework.Step2ReadListentothepoem‘I’vesavedthesummer’andanswerthesequestions.1．Doyouthinkthespeakerinthepoemismorelikelytobeagirlfriend/boyfriendorparent?2．Doesthepoemhaverhymingwords?3.Howdoesitmakeyoufeelandwhatdoesitmakeyouthinkabout?

4.Whatcameintoyourmind?Step3DiscussionWhoisthespeakerandwhoishe/shespeakingto?Andgiveyourreasons.Thispoemistalkingaboutthataparentisspeakingtoayoungadultchild.Step4Languagepoints1．holdon等一下；别挂电话；继续；坚持；抓住；握住Toholdonwintermorningswhenthesnowisnew.(教材P14)当雪儿初降时，让冬天的早晨停住。Holdonaminute！Isn'tthatyourbrother'scaroverthere？等一下，那不是你哥哥的车吗？Shecan'twalkwithoutholdingontosomeone'sarm.不扶着别人的胳膊她就无法走路。holdback阻挡；退缩；保守；隐瞒holddown阻止上涨；压制；控制holdoff推迟；拖延；阻止；阻挡holdontosth.保留某物；抓住某物holdout伸出；坚持holdup阻碍；延误；抬高Hewasheldbackfromfurtherpromotion.他没得到进一步的升级。Wemustholddownprices.我们必须控制物价。Theywereheldupbyfog.他们被雾所阻。2．Whenyouwerebutnineteen...(P14)那年你才19岁……butadv.只有；仅仅Thisisbutoneexampleofwhatcanhappenwhenthingsgobadlywrong.这仅仅是一旦事情弄糟会发生什么的一个例子。It'sgoingtobedifficult.Anyway，wecanbuttry.是很难，不过无论如何我们只有一试。Wecannotbutagree.我们不得不同意。but既可作连词、介词、副词又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法。使用时要特别注意以下几点：①作连词时，用于表示歉意的话语后，表示有礼貌地拒绝或不赞成。②but用作介词时与no，nobody，nothing，none，who等词连用，作“除……之外”解，用来排除同类，从整体中除去一部分。③作副词时，用在can后意为“只能”；用在cannot后意为“不得不”。完成句子①那里面有许多名人；只提两个名字吧，有汉克斯和罗伯茨。Therewerealotoffamouspeoplethere，HanksandRoberts，__________________．②要是没有你的话，我可能永远也上不了大学。Imighthavenevergottouniversity____________．③她有的只不过是倒霉。Shehad__________________．【答案】①tonamebuttwo②butforyou③nothingbutbadluck3．Althoughthefuturemaybedifficultforyou，wheneveryouneedwarmthandlove，rememberI'llhavesometogiveyou.(教材P15)尽管将来对你来说可能很困难，但是无论什么时候只要你需要温暖和关爱，记得来找我。这是一个复合句。whenever在句中引导让步状语从句，译成：“无论什么时间”。WheneverIhearthattune，itmakesmethinkofyou.每当听到那曲子，就让我想到你。Wheneveryouhavetime，youcancomehere.无论什么时间你有空，就都能来这里。①what/who/which/when/where/how＋ever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么/谁/哪个/何时/何地/怎样……都……”相当