原油的一次加工课件

Chapter2One-stepRefiningofCrudeOil

原油的一次加工

MatingxiaDeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem炼油系统的装置与设备概况Chapter2One-stepRefiningoSectionICrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油脱盐、脱水DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemSectionICrudeOilDesaltingCrudeoilwhichisminedfromtheoilfieldcontainswater,inorganicsalts,organicacidsalt,metal-organiccompounds,siltparticleandotherimpurities,whichinthesubsequentprocessingoperationscanleadtotheincreaseofenergyconsumption,equipmentcorrosion,anddecreaseofproductquality,increaseofmetalcontent,catalystcontaminationorpoisoning.

从油田开采出来的原油都含有水、无机盐、有机酸盐、金属有机化合物、泥砂及其它杂质。可导致后续加工中的能耗增加、操作波动、设备腐蚀、产品质量下降、金属含量增加、催化剂污染或中毒等.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemCrudeoilwhichisminedf。Ingeneral,theinorganicsubstanceincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,suchasacid,alkali,saltandotherminerals,mostlycanberemovedbywashingmethods.Someofthewater-insolubleimpuritiescanbeadsorbedonthesurfaceofsolidparticlesorgatheredatthetopofthewaterdropletsurface.Itcanprecipitatewithsolidsordropletsandseparatefromoil.Smallmolecularwater-solubleorganicacidsoap(suchassodiumnaphthenate)canalsobedischargedwiththewater.Butthereisstillsomewaterexistingincrudeoilasemulsificationstateandcannotberemoved.Thereissaltincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,sodesalinationanddehydrationarecarriedoutatthesametime.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem一般来说，原油中溶于水的酸、碱、盐等无机物，大部分可用水洗的方法可以除去。某些不溶于水的杂质可吸附在固体颗粒表面上或聚集在水滴表面，随固体物或水滴一同沉淀，与油分离。小分子水溶性有机酸皂类(如环烷酸钠)也可随水排出。但仍有部分水以乳化状态存在于原油中而不能脱除。原油中还有盐溶于水中，故脱盐脱水是同时进行的.。Ingeneral,theinorganic为了脱除悬浮在原油中的盐，在原油中需注入一定量的新鲜水(注入量一般为5%)，充分混合，然后在破乳剂和高压电场的作用下，使微小水滴受电场极化作用聚集成较大水滴，借油水密度差作用从油中沉降分离，达到脱盐脱水的目的，这通常称为电化学脱盐脱水过程。Inordertoremovesaltsuspendedinthecrudeoil,acertainamountoffreshwaterisrequiredtoinjectincrudeoil(injectionrateisgenerally5%)andmixthemthoroughly,thenundertheactionoftheemulsionsplitterandthehighvoltageelectricfield,thetinywaterdropletsgatherintolargerdropletsundertheinfluenceoftheelectricfieldpolarization;thenbeprecipitatedandseparatedfromoilbytheroleofoil-waterdensitydifference,toachievethepurposeofdesalinationdehydration,whichisoftenreferredtoastheelectrochemicaldesalinationdehydrationprocess.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemInordertoremovesaltsuspen+-+-Electrode电极-electrode电极++-+-+-+-+-+-Thediagramofthedirect-currentelectricfieldeffectonwater-drop直流电场对水滴的作用示意图+-+-Electrodeelectrode电极++-+-+原油电脱盐是石油加工的第一道工序。主要用于：（1）脱除原油中的碱金属（Alkalimetals）和重金属（Heavymetals）；（2）防腐（Antisepsis）；（3）脱除原油中的水、无机盐（Inorganicsalt）和有机酸盐（OrganicSoursalt）；（4）脱除泥（Mire）或其他杂质。原油电脱盐的主要功用ThemainfunctionofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油电脱盐是石油加工的第一道工序。原油电脱盐的主要功用The原油电脱盐的工序包括：（1）脱盐前水洗。用于除去原油中溶于水的酸（Sour）、碱（alkali

）、盐(salt)等无机物。（2）沉淀(Precipitation)。某些不溶于水的杂质，可以吸附在固体颗粒表面或聚集在水滴表面，随固体物或水滴一起沉淀，与油分离。（3）破乳（BreakEmulsify）。通过向原油中加入破乳剂，使水和杂质更有效的分离。TheprocedureofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油电脱盐的工序原油电脱盐的工序包括：TheprocedureofCrTechnologicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration电脱盐（水）工艺流程图TechnologicalprocessFig.ofCTypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration电脱盐（水）典型工艺流程图TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeO注破乳剂注水二级混合阀注水注破乳剂一级脱盐沉降罐一级混合阀脱盐前原油脱后原油脱盐沉降罐电脱盐罐三级脱盐排水二级脱盐排水过滤脱盐罐TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration电脱盐（水）典型工艺流程图注破乳剂注水二级混合阀注水注破乳剂一级脱盐沉降罐一级混合阀脱卧式电脱盐罐结构示意图StructureSchematicDiagramofHorizontalelectricaldesaltinger卧式电脱盐罐结构示意图StructureSchematiThemainfactorsaffectingthedesalinizationanddehydrationofcrudeoil影响原油电脱盐的主要因素

crudeoilprocessingcapacity

原油处理量

WashingWaterInjectionRate洗涤水注入量

WaterQuality水质

MixingIntensityofCrudeOilandWateremulsionsplittertypeandinjectionquantity原油和水的混合强度TheTypeandInjectionQuantityofEmulsionSplitter破乳剂的类型及注入量

Oil-waterBoundaryinDesalinationTank脱盐罐内的油水界面

operatingtemperature操作温度PressureofDesalinationTank脱盐罐的压力

ElectricalFieldStrength

andresidencetimeofcrudeoilintheelectricfield电场强度及原油在电场内的停留时间ThemainfactorsaffectingtheThankYou!homework

Giveabriefintroductionofthestatusandroleofelectricdesaltingequipmentsofcrudeoilinthepetroleumprocessing.Giveabriefintroductionofthebasicprinciplesofdesalinizationanddehydrationofcrudeoil.Whatharmwillexcessivesaltandwatercontentincrudeoilcausetothefollow-upprocessing?ThankYou!homeworkGiveabriChapter2One-stepRefiningofCrudeOil

原油的一次加工

MatingxiaDeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem炼油系统的装置与设备概况Chapter2One-stepRefiningoSectionICrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油脱盐、脱水DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemSectionICrudeOilDesaltingCrudeoilwhichisminedfromtheoilfieldcontainswater,inorganicsalts,organicacidsalt,metal-organiccompounds,siltparticleandotherimpurities,whichinthesubsequentprocessingoperationscanleadtotheincreaseofenergyconsumption,equipmentcorrosion,anddecreaseofproductquality,increaseofmetalcontent,catalystcontaminationorpoisoning.

从油田开采出来的原油都含有水、无机盐、有机酸盐、金属有机化合物、泥砂及其它杂质。可导致后续加工中的能耗增加、操作波动、设备腐蚀、产品质量下降、金属含量增加、催化剂污染或中毒等.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemCrudeoilwhichisminedf。Ingeneral,theinorganicsubstanceincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,suchasacid,alkali,saltandotherminerals,mostlycanberemovedbywashingmethods.Someofthewater-insolubleimpuritiescanbeadsorbedonthesurfaceofsolidparticlesorgatheredatthetopofthewaterdropletsurface.Itcanprecipitatewithsolidsordropletsandseparatefromoil.Smallmolecularwater-solubleorganicacidsoap(suchassodiumnaphthenate)canalsobedischargedwiththewater.Butthereisstillsomewaterexistingincrudeoilasemulsificationstateandcannotberemoved.Thereissaltincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,sodesalinationanddehydrationarecarriedoutatthesametime.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem一般来说，原油中溶于水的酸、碱、盐等无机物，大部分可用水洗的方法可以除去。某些不溶于水的杂质可吸附在固体颗粒表面上或聚集在水滴表面，随固体物或水滴一同沉淀，与油分离。小分子水溶性有机酸皂类(如环烷酸钠)也可随水排出。但仍有部分水以乳化状态存在于原油中而不能脱除。原油中还有盐溶于水中，故脱盐脱水是同时进行的.。Ingeneral,theinorganic为了脱除悬浮在原油中的盐，在原油中需注入一定量的新鲜水(注入量一般为5%)，充分混合，然后在破乳剂和高压电场的作用下，使微小水滴受电场极化作用聚集成较大水滴，借油水密度差作用从油中沉降分离，达到脱盐脱水的目的，这通常称为电化学脱盐脱水过程。Inordertoremovesaltsuspendedinthecrudeoil,acertainamountoffreshwaterisrequiredtoinjectincrudeoil(injectionrateisgenerally5%)andmixthemthoroughly,thenundertheactionoftheemulsionsplitterandthehighvoltageelectricfield,thetinywaterdropletsgatherintolargerdropletsundertheinfluenceoftheelectricfieldpolarization;thenbeprecipitatedandseparatedfromoilbytheroleofoil-waterdensitydifference,toachievethepurposeofdesalinationdehydration,whichisoftenreferredtoastheelectrochemicaldesalinationdehydrationprocess.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemInordertoremovesaltsuspen+-+-Electrode电极-electrode电极++-+-+-+-+-+-Thediagramofthedirect-currentelectricfieldeffectonwater-drop直流电场对水滴的作用示意图+-+-Electrodeelectrode电极++-+-+原油电脱盐是石油加工的第一道工序。主要用于：（1）脱除原油中的碱金属（Alkalimetals）和重金属（Heavymetals）；（2）防腐（Antisepsis）；（3）脱除原油中的水、无机盐（Inorganicsalt）和有机酸盐（OrganicSoursalt）；（4）脱除泥（Mire）或其他杂质。原油电脱盐的主要功用ThemainfunctionofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油电脱盐是石油加工的第一道工序。原油电脱盐的主要功用The原油电脱盐的工序包括：（1）脱盐前水洗。用于除去原油中溶于水的酸（Sour）、碱（alkali

）、盐(salt)等无机物。（2）沉淀(Precipitation)。某些不溶于水的杂质，可以吸附在固体颗粒表面或聚集在水滴表面，随固体物或水滴一起沉淀，与油分离。（3）破乳（BreakEmulsify）。通过向原油中加入破乳剂，使水和杂质更有效的分离。TheprocedureofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油电脱盐的工序原油电脱盐的工序包括：TheprocedureofCrTechnologicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration电脱盐（水）工艺流程图TechnologicalprocessFig.ofCTypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration电脱盐（水）典型工艺流程图TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeO注破乳剂注水二级混合阀注水注破乳剂一级脱盐沉降罐一级混合阀脱盐前原油脱后原油脱盐沉降罐电脱盐罐三级脱盐排水二级脱盐排水过滤脱盐罐TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration电脱盐（水）典型工艺流程图注破乳剂注水二级混合阀注水注破乳剂一级脱盐沉降罐一级混合阀脱卧式电脱盐罐结构示意图StructureSchematicDiagramofHorizontalelectricaldesaltinger卧式电脱盐罐结构示意图StructureSchematiThe