2020高考英语课标：-完形填空课件

第二部分语篇攻坚第二部分语篇攻坚专题十三完形填空专题十三完形填空-3-2015~2019天津高考完形填空考点统计

-3-2015~2019天津高考完形填空考点统计-4-从2015~2019年天津高考完形填空题的考点统计来看,选项设计基本上是实词,其中动词和名词占比重最多,尤其是2019年天津卷,完形填空的选项全部为实词,其中名词占4个,动词(短语)占9个,形容词4个,副词1个。动词和名词占了65%。所以,完形填空的考查重点不在语法结构上,而在词汇意义上。完形填空是高考试卷中得分率相对较低的一个题型。该题型重点考查考生三方面的能力:-4-从2015~2019年天津高考完形填空题的考点统计来看-5-一、对文章的大意归纳和具体语境的联想能力。考生面对的是一篇被挖掉20个词(组)的“残缺不全”的文章,结合所提供的备选答案通过联想、分析和判断,准确地勾勒出故事发生的场景,即文章提供的语境是解题的关键。二、对考纲常用词汇的词义掌握能力。该题型实际就是要求考生从四个选项中选出一个适合文章语境的词汇,从而使文章合乎逻辑、表达准确。考生只有准确地记住各选项的含义,才能进行比较与正确地选择。三、从文章中寻找暗示的能力。每个答案的选择都不是盲目进行的,考生需要根据上下文所提供的暗示和线索,通过逻辑分析和判断,确定适合题目的最佳选项。综上所述,完形填空能力的提高不仅需要足够的词汇量来支撑,还必须配以适量的练习积累解题的技巧和方法。-5-一、对文章的大意归纳和具体语境的联想能力。考生面对的是-6-考查方向高考完形填空题的选材以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,说明文和议论文的出现频率较低。无论哪种题材的文章,在阅读选词时,考生都不能忽视下面几个技巧:1.重视首句。文章第一句一般不设空,所以应该充分利用首句所提供的信息推测文章大意。2.留意暗示。大部分的题目都能从上下文中找到选择的依据或者暗示。考生在阅读时切忌走马观花,务必关注细节,留意提示。3.预判答案。考生在平时训练的过程中应该培养一种预判答案的能力,也就是根据上文的逻辑主动思维,在看选项前提前判断后面的题目可能的答案。-6-考查方向-7-经典例题(2018·天津卷)Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown

1

.

Ilearnedthislessonfroma(n)

2

manyyearsago.Itookthehead

3

jobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.

-7-经典例题-8-Itwasatraditionfortheschool’soldteamtoplayagainstthe

4

teamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticeto

5

thegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.Icouldn’t

6

Ihadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardaboutit,Icameto

7

thatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere

8

me.Ihadtochangemy

9

abouttheirabilityandpotential.

IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle

10

.Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlike

11

.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheir

12

,wemeteverydayand

13

passingandkickingthefootball.

-8-Itwasatraditionforthe-9-Sixmonthsaftersufferingour

14

onthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond,andcontinuedto

15

.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea

16

forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest

17

ofmylife!

FromtheexperienceIlearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercan

18

themembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand

19

them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves

20

,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.

Winnersaremade,notborn.-9-Sixmonthsaftersuffering-10-1.A.luck

B.tests C.efforts D.nature2.A.experiment B.experience C.visit

D.show3.A.operating B.editing C.consulting D.coaching4.A.successful B.excellent C.strong D.new5.A.cheerfor B.preparefor C.helpwith D.finishwith6.A.believe B.agree C.describe D.regret7.A.realize B.claim C.permit D.demand8.A.reactingto B.lookingfor C.dependingon D.caringabout9.A.decision B.attitude C.conclusion D.intention10.A.pride B.culture C.fortune D.relationship-10-1.A.luck B.tests C.eff-11-11.A.leaders B.partners C.winners D.learners12.A.rewards B.vacations C.health D.honor13.A.risked B.missed C.considered D.practiced14.A.defeat B.decline C.accident D.mistake15.A.relax B.improve C.expand D.defend16.A.shame B.burden C.victory D.favor17.A.chances B.thrills C.concerns D.offers18.A.surprise B.serve C.interest D.affect19.A.encouraged B.observed C.protected D.impressed20.A.honestly B.individually C.calmly D.differently-11-11.A.leaders B.partners C-12-语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者带领的学校足球队输给了一支没有教练、毫无准备的足球队。他反思之后,采取信任和鼓励的教学方式,带领他的球队取得了一次又一次的胜利,因此得出了结论:胜利者不是天生的。而是后天努力造就的。-12-语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者带领的学校足球队输给了-13-思路点拨完形填空的解题思路一般从三个方面考虑:直接暗示、间接推理和常识判断。也就是说,有些题目能从上下文直接找到明显的词句暗示,有些必须通过语段或全文的逻辑分析推理才能断定,有的题目则需要根据生活常识和经验得出答案。1.C

【间接推理】根据“No

one

is

born

a

winner.”推断胜利者都是通过自己的“努力”造就的。effort“努力”;test“考验,验证”;nature“自然,天性”;luck“运气”。故选C项。2.B

【间接推理】纵观全文可以看出,文章讲的是作者很多年前的一段经历,故选experience。experiment“实验”;visit“参观,拜访”;show“表演,展示”。-13-思路点拨-14-3.D

【直接暗示】根据第三段中的“Being

the

coach

of

the

new

team...”可知,作者接受了一份教练的工作,故选D项。operate“操作”;edit“编辑”;consult“咨询”;coach“教练”。4.D

【间接推理】根据第三段句首的old

team

和play

against推断,应该是old

team和new

team

对阵,故选D项。successful“成功的”;excellent“优秀的”;strong“强壮的”;new“新的”。5.B

【间接推理】从空白处前面的“The

old

team

had

no

coach...”和后句的“I

knew

we

were

going

to

win...”可以推断the

old

team甚至没有为比赛做准备。故选B项。cheer

for

“为……欢呼”;prepare

for

“为……做准备”;help

with

“帮助”;finish

with

“完成”。-14-3.D【直接暗示】根据第三段中的“Beingth-15-6.A

【间接推理】从上句“...I

knew

were

going

to

win,but

to

my

disappointment

we

were

defeated.”可以推知作者无法“相信”失败这一事实。故选A项。believe“相信”;agree“同意”;describe“描述”;regret“后悔,遗憾”。7.A

【间接推理】根据该句前半部分的Thinking

hard

about

it可以推知,作者在认真考虑之后,“开始意识到”他的球队也许不是佐治亚州最好的球队(之前他过于自信了),故选A项,come

to

realize意为“开始意识到;逐渐意识到”。claim“声明,要求”;permit“允许”;demand“要求”。8.C

【常识判断】因为作者是球队的教练,根据常识不难判断,球队的成长和获胜“依靠”他的指导,故选C项。depend

on

“依靠,信赖”;react

to

“对……做出反应”;look

for

“寻找”;care

about

“关心,担心”。-15-6.A【间接推理】从上句“...Iknewwe-16-9.B

【间接推理】从第三段中的I

was

excited

和to

my

disappointment可知,作者经历了从盲目乐观到非常失望的心理历程,球队队员也应该陷入了失败后的低迷状态。因此,反思之后,作者应该会改变他对队员能力和潜力的认知和态度。故选B项。decision“决定”;attitude“态度”;conclusion“结论”;intention“打算,意图”。10.A

【常识判断】根据常识可以判断,遭遇失败的队员最需要的是重新建立自信和自尊。故选pride(自豪,自尊心)。culture“文化”;fortune“运气,财富”;relationship“关系”。11.C

【间接推理】从倒数第二段中的Instead

of

seeing

my

boys

as

losers可以推知,作者开始把他的队员当作胜利者对待,故选C项。leader“领导人,领袖”;partner“伙伴;搭档”;winner“胜利者;赢家”;learner“学习者;学员”。-16-9.B【间接推理】从第三段中的Iwasexci-17-12.B

【间接推理】此处作者将他的球队跟其他球队做了对比。根据“...we

met

every

day...and

kicking

the

football.”可以推知,他的球队在训练,而别的球队队员正在享受着假期,enjoy

one’s

vacation

“享受假期;度假”。reward

“回报”;health

“健康”;honour

“荣誉”。13.D

【常识判断】根据常识可知,passing

and

kicking

the

football(传球和踢球)是足球的训练内容。risk“冒险”;miss“想念;错过”;consider“考虑,认为”;practice“练习,实践”。14.A

【直接暗示】该处指作者初任该队教练时的那次比赛失利,第三段中提到

to

my

disappointment

we

were

defeated,所以选A项。defeat“战败”;decline“下降;衰退”;accident“意外事故”;mistake“错误”。-17-12.B【间接推理】此处作者将他的球队跟其他球队做-18-15.B

【间接推理】从该句上半句的we

won

our

first

game

and

our

second

和该段倒数第二句My

boys

beat

the

best

team

in

Georgia可以推知,作者带的球队一直在提高,所以improve(改善,提高)符合句意。relax“放松”;expand“扩张”;defend“保卫;防御”。16.C

【间接推理】上文提到作者将队员们当作胜者看待,并且队员们一直在获胜、提高,况且这次他们面对的是州排名第一的球队,由此推知,作者表示即使这次比赛失败了,虽败犹荣。故选C项。shame“羞愧,遗憾”;burden“负担”;victory“胜利”;favor“支持,帮忙”。17.B

【常识判断】根据生活常识可以判断,队员们战胜了州排名第一的球队,这应该成为作者教练生涯中最激动人心的经历之一。故选B项。chance“机会”;thrill“令人激动的事情”;concern“关心,担忧”;offer“出价,提供”。-18-15.B【间接推理】从该句上半句的wewon-19-18.D

【间接推理】回顾上文内容可知,作者作为教练改变了态度以后,带领他的球队由弱到强,直至全州第一。作者从这段经历中悟出:教练的态度对球队成员的影响是多么大。故选D项。surprise“使惊讶”;serve“服务”;interest“使感兴趣”;affect“影响”。19.A

【间接推理】从第四段第一句的help

them

build

a

little

pride和空白处前的pushed可以判断,作者一直在鼓励他的队员,故选A项。observe“观察,遵守,庆祝”;protect“保护”;impress“给……留下印象”;encourage“鼓励”。20.D

【间接推理】纵观全文,作者在他的球队比赛失利时,他把队员们看作winner,而不是loser,因此,他帮助球员们改变了他们对自己的看法(see

themselves

differently),从而建立了自信,走向了胜利。故选D项。differently“不同地”;honestly“诚实地”;individually“个体地”;calmly“冷静地”。-19-18.D【间接推理】回顾上文内容可知,作者作为教练-20-Passage

1(2019·江苏卷)Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespecies(物种)thatare

1

everyday.Thewhite-napedcraneisatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto

2

thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.

ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeir

3

.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir

4

sinceshearrivedin2004.

-20-Passage1-21-Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas

5

byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected

6

,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahad

7

takenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She

8

tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhada

9

forkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeit

10

forhertobecomeamother.

11

,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinction(灭绝)ofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda

12

ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.This

13

Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.

-21-Bornataninternationalc-22-Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe

14

,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthe

15

,andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinction.

16

,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.

Howcanwe

17

theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedusthe

18

:humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheir

19

heldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter

20

.

-22-Thetwokeepersareproud-23-1.A.growing

B.migrating C.competing D.disappearing2.A.ban B.save C.split

D.remove3.A.abortion B.recreation C.reproduction D.administration4.A.care B.eye C.mind

D.story5.A.found B.chosen C.raised D.seized6.A.bonus B.consequence C.victory D.sacrifice7.A.never B.always C.unluckily D.cheerfully8.A.liked B.refused C.decided D.hesitated9.A.gift B.skill C.concern D.reputation10.A.illegal B.inspiring C.important D.impossible-23-1.A.growing B.migrating -24-11.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Instead12.A.combination B.collection C.strategy D.system13.A.forced B.forbade C.taught D.enabled14.A.defeated B.grateful C.assured D.tolerant15.A.list B.rise C.agenda D.decline16.A.Incontrast B.Afterall C.Bytheway D.Onthecontrary17.A.leave B.bridge C.open

D.identify18.A.course B.excuse C.answer D.reward19.A.brains B.behaviors C.services D.projects20.A.guide B.treat C.example

D.companion-24-11.A.Therefore B.Moreover-25-【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一只雌丹顶鹤从小被人类喂养长大,她拒绝与雄丹顶鹤生活在一起。为了让她担负起繁育后代的重任,动物园的两位管理员绞尽脑汁,最终成功地让她诞下五只小丹顶鹤。两位动物管理员为拯救濒临灭绝的野生动物丹顶鹤做出了巨大的努力。1.D

解析:根据第一句的句意以及其中的threatened一词可知,此处选择D项,表示“每天都有物种在消失”。2.B

解析:根据上文内容以及下文讲述的故事可知,此处选择save表示“拯救这些物种,使它们不会消失”。3.C

解析:根据下文内容可知,帮助这种濒危的丹顶鹤繁殖后代是该动物园工作人员的重要使命。下文也出现了reproduction一词。-25-【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一只雌丹顶鹤从小被-26-4.A

解析:根据句意并结合下文内容可知,这只叫做Emma的雌丹顶鹤自2004年以来一直在他们的照顾之下。5.C

解析:根据上文的“Born

at

an

international

crane

foundation”可知,这只雌丹顶鹤是被人类的管理员饲养长大的。6.B

解析:根据上下文内容,尤其是下文的“though

she

had

a

wonderful

time

there”可知,丹顶鹤Emma被人类饲养长大,导致了一个意想不到的后果。7.A

解析:根据下文的“become

deeply

attached

to

humans”可知,丹顶鹤Emma从来没有把自己当成是一只鹤,她深深地迷恋人类。8.B

解析:根据上文内容可知,由于Emma误把自己当成了人类中的一员,她拒绝与雄丹顶鹤生活在一起。9.D

解析:根据上下文语境可知,这只拒绝与雄丹顶鹤一起生活的雌丹顶鹤甚至因杀死了一些雄丹顶鹤而闻名。have

a

reputation

for“以……闻名”。have

a

gift

for“有……天赋”。-26-4.A解析:根据句意并结合下文内容可知,这只叫做E-27-10.D

解析:根据上文内容可知,误把自己当成了人类中的一员的Emma,拒绝与雄丹顶鹤生活在一起,甚至杀死雄丹顶鹤,自然,她不可能当妈妈,生育后代。11.C

解析:根据上文内容可知,让濒危的丹顶鹤繁殖后代的任务非常艰巨,然而,两位动物管理员没有放弃努力和信心。12.A

解析:根据下文内容可知,两位动物管理员采用人工繁殖与自然繁殖相结合的方式,使Emma成功地当上了妈妈。13.D

解析:根据上文内容可知,此处表示“使得Emma能够生下五只小丹顶鹤”,不是强迫、禁止和教导。enable“使能够”符合语境。14.C

解析:根据语境可知,保护野生动物的前景不容乐观,在他们放心之前,还需要做很多的努力。-27-10.D解析:根据上文内容可知,误把自己当成了人类-28-15.D

解析:根据下文的“headed

toward

extinction”可知,野生丹顶鹤的数量还在不断下降,前景堪忧。on

the

decline“在逐渐下降”,符合语境。16.B

解析:很多野生动物濒临灭绝;毕竟,不是所有人都能意识到野生动物有思想、有情感,最重要的是,有平等的生存权。in

contrast“相反”;after

all“毕竟”;by

the

way“顺便说一句”;on

the

contrary“正相反”。17.B

解析:根据语境可知,如何弥合人类与其他动物之间不断扩大的鸿沟是一个艰巨的任务,需要我们共同面对。bridge在此处为动词,意为“弥合;消除”。-28-15.D解析:根据下文的“headedtowar-29-18.C

解析:根据上文的问题以及两位动物管理员的成功做法可知,他们二位给出了我们答案。19.A

解析:根据下文出现的their

hearts可知,此处表示“人类想当然地以为他们的头脑里有所有的解决方案”。20.A

解析:根据所在句子的句意以及全文内容可知,在解决问题的过程中,大脑固然重要,但是全心全意地投入可能更能引导我们找到解决问题的方法。-29-18.C解析:根据上文的问题以及两位动物管理员的成-30-Passage

2(2018·天津卷春)Yearsoflivingwithalisp(口齿不清)hadtaughtmeitwasbetternottosayanythingthantospeakandriskembarrassment.Asaresultofmy

1

,Ifeltdistancedfrommostofmypeers(同龄人).“Kathy?Oh,she’squiet.”That’swhatmostpeoplewouldsaywhenthey

2

me,asif“Quiet”werepartofmy

3

.Iwasokaywiththat.Ididn’tneedtobe

4

.

LastSeptember,however,thatall

5

.IstartedmycreativewritingclasswithMs.Haist.Everydaywewouldbegivenadifferentwritingtaskand,ifwewished,wecould

6

whatwehadwritten.I

7

listeningtoothersreadtheirworkandthinking:“Thatwillneverbeme.I’llneverhavethe

8

todothat.”

-30-Passage2-31-Oneday,Iwasreally

9

withwhatIhadwrittenandwantedtoshare.MyheartwasbeatingwildlyasIraisedmyhand.Those

10

littlevoiceswereringinginmyear,“Youhavealisp,remember?

11

,yourwritingisn’tthatgood.Bequiet.”Iwasaboutto

12

myhandwhenImetMs.Haist’sencouragingeyes.

Iswallowedthevoicesdownandletmyrealvoice

13

.Icouldhearit

14

asIread,andIcouldheareverystutter(结巴)andmistake.Ifinishedreading,waitingtobelaughedat.

15

,IheardclapsfromtheclassandpraisefromMs.Haist.

-31-Oneday,Iwasreally9w-32-Thenextday,Ididit

16

.SoonIwasreadingoutloudnearlyeveryday.Gradually,Irealizedthat

17

mylisp,theclassandtheteacheralwaysappreciatedmywriting.NowImaystillnotbethemost

18

,socialperson,butI’vebecomebetteratoralpresentations.I

19

readmypoetryoutloudatareadingclub.

Everytimethoselittlevoicestrytotellmetobequiet,IthinkofalltheencouragementIreceivedinclassandIknowthatI

20

tobeheard.

-32-Thenextday,Ididit16-33-1.A.embarrassment B.excitement C.humor D.silence2.A.heardfrom B.talkedof C.calledon D.lookedfor3.A.name B.opinion C.duty

D.business4.A.seen B.heard C.followed D.protected5.A.disappeared B.returned C.developed D.changed6.A.examine B.practice C.share

D.copy7.A.regret B.consider C.imagine D.remember8.A.time B.courage C.patience D.evidence9.A.busy B.strict C.pleased D.disappointed10.A.tired B.urgent C.funny D.cheerful-33-1.A.embarrassment B.excite-34-11.A.Besides B.Otherwise

C.Therefore D.Normally12.A.touch B.wave C.extend D.withdraw13.A.godown B.dieaway C.comeout D.calmdown14.A.shaking B.singing C.shouting D.deepening15.A.Sadly B.Hopefully C.Honestly D.Unexpectedly16.A.again B.alone C.already D.anyway17.A.thanksto B.insteadof C.despite D.except18.A.serious B.outgoing C.nervous D.hardworking19.A.even B.still C.only

D.seldom20.A.fear B.agree C.deserve D.pretend-34-11.A.Besides B.Otherwise C-35-【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者口齿不清,很少在课堂上发言,但在老师和同学们的鼓励下,她成功克服心理障碍,并变得开朗起来。1.D

解析:由下文的信息词quiet可知答案为D项。2.B

解析:由上文的话可知,此处表达当他们说起“我”时。talk

of

“谈到,说到”。3.A

解析:此处表示“人们总是把我的名字和‘沉默寡言’联系在一起”。4.B

解析:由下文她在课堂上读自己的作文,在读书俱乐部读自己写的诗,并结合文章最后的to

be

heard可知选B项。5.D

解析:由设空前表转折意义的词however及下文的叙述可知,一切都改变了。-35-【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者口齿不清,很少在课-36-6.C

解析:由下文作者听其他同学读他们的作文,并结合下段第一句中的wanted

to

share可判断此处应填“share”。7.D

解析:此处在回忆之前的情景,故选D项。8.B

解析:作者由于口齿不清所以没有勇气站起来读自己的作文。9.C

解析:作者对自己写的东西很满意,所以才会想要去分享。be

pleased

with“对……满意”;be

busy

with“忙于”;be

strict

with“对……要求严格”;be

disappointed

with“对……失望”。10.B

解析:结合13空前的内容及最后一段开头的“Every

time

those

little

voices

try

to

tell

me

to

be

quiet...”可知urgent(急切的)符合语境。-36-6.C解析:由下文作者听其他同学读他们的作文,并结-37-11.A

解析:前文说自己口齿不清,后文又说自己作文写得并不好。前后为递进关系,故选A项。besides“此外,而且”;otherwise“否则,要不然”;therefore“因此,所以”;normally“正常地,通常地”。12.D

解析:在“我”想到自己的不足后,想要把举起的手放下。withdraw“抽回(手、手臂、手指等)”,符合语境。13.C

解析:此处与前面的I

swallowed

the

voices

down对应,故选C项。14.A

解析:由下文的“I

could

hear

every

stutter

and

mistake”可知,自己的声音应该是“颤抖的(shaking)”。15.D

解析:上文说自己在等着被嘲笑,下文又说等来的是同学们的掌声和老师的表扬,这是自己没有想到的。unexpectedly“出乎意料地”;sadly“不幸地”;hopefully“有希望地”;honestly“诚实地”。-37-11.A解析:前文说自己口齿不清,后文又说自己作文-38-16.A

解析:下文提到以后“我”几乎每天都会大声地朗读,所以说第二天“我”再次像前一天一样大胆地在大家面前读作文。alone“独自”;already“已经”;anyway“无论如何”。17.C

解析:此处表示让步,故选C项。despite“尽管”;thanks

to“多亏,幸亏”;instead

of“代替,而不是”;except“除……之外”。18.B

解析:根据下文的social

person可知,此处应意为“开朗的,外向的(outgoing)”。19.A

解析:此处表示递进,故选副词“even(甚至)”。still“依然,仍然”;only“仅仅”;seldom“很少”。20.C

解析:“我”有了信心,所以“我”认为自己的声音值得(deserve)被大家听到。-38-16.A解析:下文提到以后“我”几乎每天都会大声地-39-Passage

3(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I

1

theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twantto

2

afewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t

3

enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour

4

wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which

5

Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s

6

.Icouldhardlywaitto

7

him.

-39-Passage3-40-MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis

8

wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit

9

thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto

10

theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto

11

whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,

12

,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat

13

andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe

14

.

TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe

15

me:“Theabsolutemostimportant

16

thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood

17

.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto

18

asituation,processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingand

19

thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy

20

asajournalist.

-40-MauriceAshleywaskindan-41-1.A.putforward B.jumpedat C.triedout D.turneddown2.A.waste B.earn C.save

D.pay3.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired4.A.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor5.A.urged B.demanded C.held

D.meant6.A.fastest B.easiest C.best

D.rarest7.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat8.A.chance B.qualification C.honor

D.job9.A.real B.perfect C.clear

D.possible10.A.attend B.pass C.skip

D.observe-41-1.A.putforward B.jumped-42-11.A.add B.expose C.apply

D.compare12.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally13.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment14.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation15.A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised16.A.fact B.step C.manner D.skill17.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments18.A.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control19.A.announce B.signal C.block

D.evaluate20.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior-42-11.A.add B.expose C.appl-43-【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者上大二期间,跟着一位国际大师学习思维棋。作者不仅学到了下棋的技巧,而且也学到了超越课堂的生活技巧。1.B

解析:根据上文提到的“a

‘free’

course”和下文的“who

doesn’t

want

to

2

a

few

dollars”可知,作者也想省钱,所以欣然接受这个主意。jump

at“欣然接受”符合语境。put

forward“提出”;try

out“试验”;turn

down“拒绝”都与语境不符。

2.C

解析:根据上文提到的“offering

a

‘free’

course”可知,此处应填save,意为“节省”。3.A

解析:上文作者提到他总是想学棋,结合前面表达让步关系的连词词组even

if可知,此处填excited。be

excited

about“对……感到兴奋”。-43-【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者上大二期间,跟-44-4.D

解析:根据下文的“He

was

an

international

grandmaster”可知,此处指的是作者的指导老师,所以选D项。5.D

解析:指导老师是国际大师,这就“意味着”作者会跟着下棋最好者之一学习,所以选D项。6.C

解析:见5题解析。fastest“最快的”;easiest“最容易的”;rarest“最罕见的”,都不符合语境。7.B

解析:此处表达作者当时的急切心情:迫不及待想见到那位老师,所以选B项。8.D

解析:根据上文的“a

former

graduate

returning

to

teach”以及下文的“...no

game

for

him;

he

meant

business”可知,此处指的是他的这份工作。9.C

解析:make

it

clear

that...“说明白;讲明白”,可看作是固定句式。-44-4.D解析:根据下文的“Hewasanint-45-10.B

解析:根据下文的“we

had

to

write

a

paper...(我们必须要写一篇论文……)”可知,此处指的是“通过这门课程”,所以选B项。attend“上(课)”;skip“逃(课)”;observe“观察”都不符合语境。11.C

解析:根据下文的“to

our

future

professions”可知,此处为“apply...to...”短语,意为“把……应用到……上”。12.A

解析:句意:我们需要写一篇如何计划把课上学到的东西应用到未来的职业中,最后应用到我们的生活中的论文。根据句意可知选A项。eventually“最后”;naturally“自然地”;directly“直接地”;normally“正常地”。13.C

解析:文章第一句中的“I

was

told

that

the

education

department

was

offering

a

‘free’

course”中有提示。此处为原词复现。-45-10.B解析:根据下文的“wehadtowr-46-14.B

解析:根据上文“...learned

life

lessons

that

have

served

me

well

beyond

the...”中的“life

lessons”可知,所以选B项。15.A

解析:根据指代关系可知,此处的he指的是作者的指导老师Ashley,所以选A项。16.D

解析:根据下文提到的“when

you

play

chess”可知,此处指下棋的技巧,所以选D项。17.B

解析:make

decisions“做决定”。此处意为“下棋最重要的技巧是如何做决定”。grade“分数”;impression“印象”;comment“评论”。-46-14.B解析:根据上文“...learnedli-47-18.A

解析:根据空格后面的宾语“a

situation”可知,此处指“分析局势”。analyze“分析”符合语境。19.D

解析:上文提到要分析局势,判断对手在做什么,因此要在你所有的选择中评估出最佳的一步。evaluate“评估”符合语境。20.A

解析:根据下文的“as

a

journalist”可知,作者现在是记者。由此判断,此处填role,意为“角色”。desire“欲望;愿望”;concern“关心”;behavior“行为”都与语境不符。-47-18.A解析:根据空格后面的宾语“asituat-48-Passage

4(2018·北京卷)The

Homeless

HeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource(来源)oftemptation(诱惑).Butthe

1

wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith

2

moreremarkable.

Afterspottinga

3

onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe

4

toreturn.

-48-Passage4-49-Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he

5

insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact(联系)thedriver,onlyto

6

itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.

Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter

7

anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere

8

tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas

9

.

-49-Afterhoursinthecoldan-50-ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis

10

.

Mr.Andersonsaid:“Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight

11

hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand

12

hedidn’ttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers

13

.It’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare

14

guysoutthere.”

Mr.Smith’sact

15

muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson

16

abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.

-50-Thepairwerelaterablet-51-NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto

17

moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown

18

himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he’shadjob

19

andallsorts,”Mr.Andersoncommented.

ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing

20

.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.

-51-NowMr.Andersonhassetup-52-1.A.hope B.aim C.urge

D.effort2.A.still B.even C.ever

D.once3.A.wallet B.bag C.box

D.parcel4.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman5.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached6.A.discover B.collect C.check

D.believe7.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing8.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked9.A.safe B.missing C.found

D.seen10.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement-52-1.A.hope B.aim C.urge -53-11.A.when B.if C.where D.because12.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just13.A.too B.though C.again

D.instead14.A.honest B.polite C.rich

D.generous15.A.gave B.paid C.cast

D.drew16.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard17.A.borrow B.raise C.save

D.earn18.A.of B.at C.for

D.in19.A.details B.changes C.offers

D.applications20.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge-53-11.A.when B.if C.where D-54-【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。流浪汉汤姆面对400英镑的诱惑最终选择将钱还给失主。当其善行在社交媒体上传播开来后,汤姆得到了人们的信任。这位“无家可归的英雄”的故事再次证明善有善报。1.C

解析:上文说对许多人来说一个无人看管的装有400英镑的钱包无疑是一种诱惑,结合But的转折可知,如果你是一个几乎没有什么钱和食物并露宿街头的人,这种诱惑带来的“冲动(urge)”无疑会更大,故选C项。2.B

解析:结合上文说人们通常对于诱惑有一种渴望可知,这“更加(even)”使得无家可归的汤姆的行为更引人注目,故选B项。3.A

解析:根据第三段中的“After

hours

in

the

cold

and

wet,he

inside

and

pulled

the

wallet

out...”可知,他看到的是一个“钱包(wallet)”,故选A项。

-54-【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。流浪汉汤姆面对400英-55-4.C

解析:结合下文可知,他在雨中站了大约两个小时,就是要等钱包“主人(owner)”回来取钱包,故选C项。5.D

解析:结合下文“hoping

to

find

some

ID

so

he

could

contact(联系)

the

driver”可知,他“伸手(reach)”到车中,把钱包拿出来,希望能从中找到钱包主人的身份信息,故选D项。6.A

解析:汤姆本来是想在钱包里找到物主的身份信息,却出乎意料地“发现(discover)”里面有400英镑纸币和50英镑的零钱,故选A项。7.B

解析:汤姆“留下(leave...behind)”一张纸条,告知物主钱包是安全的,然后他去了警察局,故选B项。此题若忽视了后面的behind则很容易误选D项。8.D

解析:这两个人看到车旁站着两名警察自然感到十分“惊讶(shocked)”,故选D项。-55-4.C解析:结合下文可知,他在雨中站了大约两个小时-56-9.A

解析:此处两位警察向物主说明了情况,并告知他们钱